(31)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,p.121; JCS 2118/110,"Taiwan Straits Situation," September 4,1958,CCS381,Sec.38,Geographic File 1958,Box5,RG218,National Archives,College Park.
    (32)"Taiwan Straits:Issues Developed in Discussion with JCS," September 2,1958,DDRS/CK3100691510; JCS Paper,"The Taiwan Straits Situation," September 3,1958,DDRS/CK3100289643.
    (33)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.116-122,126; Robert J.Watson,Into the Missile Age,1956-1960,Washington,DC:Historical Office of the Secretary of Defense,1997,p.232.
    (34)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.130-133; Goodpaster,"Memorandum of Conference with the President," September 4,1958,DDRS/CK3100453193.
    (35)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.134-136; Felix Belair,"U.S.Decides to Use Force If Reds Invade Quemoy; Dulles Sees Eisenhower," The New York Times,September 5,1958.
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    (37)Appu K.Soman,Double-Edged Sword:Nuclear Diplomacy in Unequal Conflicts-The United States and China,1950-1958,Westport:Praeger,2000,p.182; Edward J.Marolda,Ready Seapouer:A History of the U.S.Seventh Fleet,Washington,DC:Naval History and Heritage Command,2012,p.51.
    (38)George Eliades,"Once More unto the Breach," p.357; J.H.Kalicki,The Pattern of Sino-American Crises:Political-Military Interactions in the 1950s,New York:Cambridge University Press,1975,p.193.
    (39)Marian D.Irish,"Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy:The Quemoy Crisis of 1958," Political Quarterly,vol.31,April 1960,p.152; Nancy B.Tucker,The China Threat:Memories,Myths,and Realities in the 1950s,New York:Columbia University Press,2012,p.153; "Text of Acheson's Statement on U.S.Policy Regarding China," The New York Times,September 7,1958; E.W.Kenworthy,"U.S.China Policy Losing Mail Vote," The New York Times,September 27,1958.
    (40)"Democrats Lash Quemoy Policy," The New York Times,September 7,1958; Russell Baker,"Democrats Critical of Quemoy Policy," The New York Times,September 13,1958; Appu K.Soman,"Who's Daddy in the Taiwan Strait?" pp.389-390; Foster R.Dulles,American Policy toward Communist China,1949-1969,New York:Thomas Y.Crowell Company,1972,p.177.
    (41)Smith Memorandum for Herter,"August 14 Discussion of Taiwan Straits," August 13,1958,Box 205,Records of the PPS,1957-1961,RG59,National Archives,College Park; U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.57-59,122-124.
    (42)Nina Tannenwald,The Nuclear Taboo:The United States and the Non-Use of Nuclear Weapons Since1945,New York:Cambridge University Press,2007,pp.183-184; John Newhouse,War and Peace in the Nuclear Age,New York:Alfred A.Knopf,1989,p.126.
    (43)Matthew Jones,After Hiroshima:The United States,Race and Nuclear Weapons in Asia,1945-1965,New York:Cambridge University Press,2010,p.373; State Department-JCS Meetings,September 5,1958,Box 51,Records of State-JCS Meetings,RG 59,National Archives,College Park.
    (44)Goodpaster to Aurand,"Recent Political Aspects of Taiwan Straits Developments," August 31,1958,DDRS/CK3100249259; Appu K.Soman,Double-Edged Sword,p.185.
    (45)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.136-138,139; Victor S.Kaufman,Con fronting Communism:U.S.and British Policies toward China,Columbia:University of Missouri Press,2001,p.134.
    (46)United States Information Agency,"Estimates of Free World Reactions,Country by Country,to Three Possible Courses of Action by the U.S.in Quemoy-Matsu," September 6,1958,DDRS/CK3100401909; Washburn to Eisenhower,September 9,1958,DDRS/CK3100452032.
    (47)Appu K.Soman,Double-Edged Sword:Nuclear Diplomacy in Unequal Conflicts,pp.187-188; Stephen E.Ambrose,Eisenhower:The President,New York:Simon and Schuster,1984,p.484.
    (48)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,p.267; Nina Tannenwald,The Nuclear Taboo:the United States,Race and Nuclear Weapons in Asia,1945-1965,p.184.
    (49)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,p.126; Dwight D.Eisenhower,The White House Years,p.294; Shuguang Zhang,Deterrence and Strategic Culture:Chinese-American Confrontations,1949-1958,p.244.
    (50)Parsons to Dulles,"Developments in the Taiwan Straits Since August 23," August 31,1958,DNSA/CI1380; Intelligence Report,"The Taiwan Straits Crisis:Soviet Statements and Propaganda Treatment," September 29,1958,Records of Policy Planning Staff,1957-1961,Box 145,RG59,National Archives,College Park; Gordon H.Chang,Friends and Enemies:China,the United States,and the Soviet Union,1948-1972,p.195.
    (51)SNIE 100-7-58,"Sino-Soviet and Free World Reactions to U.S.Use of Nuclear Weapons in Limited Wars in the Far East," July 22,1958; SNIE 100-11-58,"Probable Chinese Communist and Soviet Intentions in the Taiwan Strait Area," September 16,1958,DNSA /CI01317.
    (52)"U.S.and Allied Capabilities for Limited Military Operations to 1 July 1961," May 22,1958.
    (53)Dwight D.Eisenhower,The White House Years:Waging Peace,1956-1961,p.293.
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