云南永宁坝区摩梭人应对干旱灾害的人类学研究
http://www.newdu.com 2024/11/24 02:11:25 《云南师范大学学报：哲 崔明昆(云南师范大 参加讨论
内容摘要： 近年来云南连续遭遇特大旱灾导致数百万人受灾，生活在宁蒗县永宁乡永宁坝区的摩梭人也不例外。田野调查表明，摩梭人在长期应对旱灾的过程中形成了一套独特的传统知识，主要包括对旱灾的认知（干旱生态观）和应对旱灾的措施。摩梭人认为，干旱是由于人们自身的“道德堕落”和“对神灵的不敬”引起的；另外，当地人还认为，水稻的大面积种植与（农业）干旱有着直接的关联。摩梭人应对干旱的措施与摩梭传统文化紧密相连：摩梭人特殊家庭结构对旱灾有着天然的抵抗力；祭祀求雨在旱灾中起着调适灾民心理的作用；采用多种生计方式以提高应对旱灾的能力。当然，政府的抗旱救灾措施发挥着主导的作用。因此，在抗旱救灾工作中，只有把民间的和政府的应对措施有机地结合才能将旱灾造成的损失减至最小。 Abstract: The lasting serious drought in Yunnan Province in recent years has affected several mil- lions of people and there is no exception to the Mosuo people in Yongning Basin of Ninglang County in Yunnan Province. The field investigation reveals that these Mosuo people have acquired a unique tra- ditional knowledge concerning the long-term anti-drought which includes the understanding of drought （the ecological view of drought） and the corresponding measures. They regard the causes of drought are related to human ＂moral corruption＂ and ＂disrespect to gods＂. Furthermore, they also think that drought is related to the large-scale cultivation of rice. The measures for fighting against drought have some close connection with their traditional culture： the special family structure of the Mosuo people can help fight against drought; the sacrificial rite for rain can help adjust the psychology of the drought-stricken Mosuos and they also have other means for survival. Of course, the government plays a key role in fighting against drought. Therefore, only the reasonable integration of the govern- ment power and the traditional measures of the Mosuo people can help reduce drought to the mini- mum. 关键词：生态人类学;摩梭人;传统知识;应对措施; 中图分类号：C912.4，K285.7 (责任编辑：admin) |