文本、仪式与认同：19世纪星马华人秘密社会组织研究
http://www.newdu.com 2024/11/23 03:11:50 《世界民族》 2013年 第0 赵树冈 (吉首大学 参加讨论
内容摘要： 中国清代教门及会党组织名目繁多，彼此关系错综复杂，由于这些秘密社会组织不容于清政府，再加上历来以讹传讹的口述传抄，更难窥其全貌。其中的天地会及相关组织从18世纪流传迄今，分布范围更从华南地区、东南亚到北美。尤其是19世纪的星马华人社会，不仅会众人数可观，还与庙宇、书院、坟山等社团密不可分。本文指出，在不同的时空背景下，秘密社会组织有不同的表现方式或功能，但研究的关键应该是其凝聚会众的方式及集体意识的基础。透过戏曲、说书人等媒介传递，对世俗化“义”的观念及论述，正是会党形成的文化基础和凝聚会众的关键。“西鲁传说”文本既非反清复明的隐喻，也与天地会起源的事实无关，而是藉由兄弟血仇的叙事，结合会众情感与认同，而仪式则可视为建构“义”的观念、强化会众认同的重要过程。 Abstract: In the past two or three decades, societies has gone through significant changes. On the study of Oing Oynasty Chinese secret the one hand, these studies focus on the formation, development, and transition of southeast China and Southeast Asian Chinese secret societies in the macro economic and social contexts. On the other hand, with the precisely textual criticism, they analyze the texts, rituals, and identification of the secret societies. This paper aims to point out that the key point for realizing the nature of secret societies is to unveil how these groups, each with a variety of functions and appearances in different spatiotemporal contexts, maintains cohesion and how they keep inner solidarity. Furthermore, the paper attempts to take the perspective of textual analysis to emphasize that it is the worldly Yi （义） that integrates the secret society members in unity as siblings and forms the cultural basis of their collective consciousness. 关键词：华人;秘密社会组织;文本;仪式;“义”;认同; 中图分类号：D634.3 (责任编辑：admin) |