褰撲唬瑗挎柟鍏充簬鎯呮劅鍙茬殑鐮旂┒锛氭蹇典笌鐞嗚
http://www.newdu.com 2024/10/06 08:10:50 北京师范大学史学理论与 佚名 参加讨论
銆€銆€鍐呭鎻愯锛?/b>鑷彜浠ユ潵锛屼汉绫荤殑鎯呮劅涓€鐩存槸閲嶈鐨勫摬瀛﹀懡棰橈紝澶囧彈鍚勫浗鍝插瀹剁殑鍏虫敞銆備絾鐩村埌20涓栫邯涓婂崐鏈燂紝瑗挎柟瀛﹁€呮墠浠庣湡姝ｆ剰涔変笂鎻愬嚭“鎯呮劅鍙?rdquo;杩欎竴姒傚康銆傛渶杩戝嚑鍗佸勾锛?ldquo;鎯呮劅”闂鎴愬姛鍚稿紩鍒拌タ鏂规皯浼楀拰瀛﹁€呯殑鐑垏鍏虫敞銆備竴鏂归潰锛屼汉浠€氳繃浼犵粺鍜屾柊鍏寸殑浜ゆ祦娓犻亾锛屽弽澶嶈皥鍙?ldquo;鎯呮劅”鍜?ldquo;鎯呮劅杞悜”闂锛涘彟涓€鏂归潰锛?ldquo;鎯呮劅鍙?rdquo;鐮旂┒閫愭笎鏈濊法瀛︾鏂瑰悜鍙戝睍锛岃タ鏂瑰鑰呬笉鏂姞寮虹悊璁虹爺绌躲€佹洿鏂扮爺绌舵柟娉曘€佹嫇瀹界爺绌惰閲庯紝骞跺氨“鎯呮劅”鍦ㄥ彶瀛︾爺绌惰繃绋嬩腑鐨勯噸瑕佹剰涔夎揪鎴愬叡璇嗐€?ldquo;鎯呮劅鍙?rdquo;鏄噸瑕佺殑鍘嗗彶瀛︾锛屽悓鏃朵篃鏄浜虹被鐞嗘€ц涓虹爺绌剁殑鏈夊姏琛ュ厖銆傘€€銆€ 銆€銆€鍏?閿?璇嶏細鎯呮劅鍙?鎯呮劅/姒傚康/鐞嗚/鍚曡タ瀹?middot;璐瑰か灏?br /> 銆€銆€浣滆€呯畝浠嬶細鏌ョ悊鏂?middot;榻愬崱锛屽ⅷ灏旀湰澶у鏂囧闄㈠巻鍙蹭笌鍝插鐮旂┒瀛﹂櫌鏁欐巿锛岃タ婢冲ぇ瀛︽儏鎰熷彶楂樼骇鐮旂┒涓績鐮旂┒鍛橈紝鐮旂┒鏂瑰悜锛氫腑涓栫邯鏅氭湡鍜岃繎浠ｆ棭鏈熸娲叉枃鍖栧彶銆佸畻鏁欏彶鍜屽奖鍍忓彶銆?br /> 銆€銆€璇?鑰咃細寮犲箍缈?鍛ㄥ槈婊?寮犲箍缈旓紝鍚夋灄澶у涓滃寳浜氱爺绌堕櫌鏁欐巿锛岀爺绌舵柟鍚戯細淇勫浗缁忔祹鍙插拰绀句細鍙诧紱鍛ㄥ槈婊紝鍚夋灄澶у涓滃寳浜氱爺绌堕櫌鍗氬＋鐮旂┒鐢燂紝涓撲笟鏂瑰悜锛氫笘鐣岃繎鐜颁唬鍙插拰鍙插鐞嗚銆?銆€銆€ 銆€銆€ 銆€銆€鏈€杩戝嚑鍗佸勾锛?ldquo;鎯呮劅”(emotions)闂鍚稿紩浜嗘皯浼楃殑鐑垏鍏虫敞銆傗憼浜轰滑鎴栨槸鎺㈣鎯呮劅绱犲吇(emotional literacy)瀵圭ぞ浼氫氦寰€浜х敓鐨勯噸瑕佷綔鐢紝鎴栨槸鐣欐剰鎯呮劅涓庡埗瀹氬箍鍛婅惀閿€绛栫暐鐨勫叧绯伙紝鎴栨槸鍏虫敞鍚屼釜浜哄彂灞曞瘑鍒囩浉鍏崇殑澶у瀷鑷姪浜т笟鐨勫墠鏅紝鎴栨槸璇勪及鏀挎不浜烘牸鍜屾斂绛栨柟閽堢殑浣滅敤銆備笌姝ゅ悓鏃讹紝鏈夊叧“鎯呮劅”鐨勭爺绌跺伐浣滀篃閫愭笎灞曞紑锛屸憽骞舵垚涓轰汉鏂囧绉戦鍩熺殑鏂版柟鍚戙€備汉浠€氳繃浼犵粺鐨勫鏈腑蹇冨拰鍙插鏉傚織鐨?ldquo;瀛︽湳璁哄潧”鈶互鍙婃柊鍏寸殑缃戠粶鍜屽崥瀹㈢瓑娓犻亾锛岄檰缁皥鍙?ldquo;鎯呮劅杞悜”(an emotional turn)闂锛屽苟绉瀬鎺㈣鎯呮劅鍦ㄥ巻鍙蹭笂鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€?015骞?鏈堬紝绗?2灞婂浗闄呭巻鍙茬瀛﹀ぇ浼?International Congress of the Historical Sciences)鍦ㄤ腑鍥藉北涓滅渷娴庡崡甯傚彫寮€锛?ldquo;鍘嗗彶鍖栫殑鎯呮劅”(Historicizing Emotions)姝ｆ槸姝ゆ澶т細鐨勫洓澶ц棰樹箣涓€銆傗懀姝や妇琛ㄦ槑锛屽浗闄呭鐣屽凡灏?ldquo;鎯呮劅”鍦ㄥ彶瀛︾爺绌惰繃绋嬩腑鐨勯噸瑕佹剰涔夎揪鎴愬叡璇嗐€?br /> 銆€銆€鏈夐壌浜庢锛屾湰鏂囧皢姒傝堪20涓栫邯“鎯呮劅鍙?rdquo;鐮旂┒鐨勫彂灞曞巻绋嬶紝骞跺湪姝ゅ熀纭€涓婏紝鏄庣‘“鎯呮劅鍙?rdquo;鐮旂┒鐨勪富瑕佺壒寰佸拰鍙戝睍闃舵锛屾彮绀哄叾璺ㄥ绉戠爺绌剁殑鍔ㄥ悜鍜屾垚鍥狅紝灞曠幇瑗挎柟瀛︾晫瀵逛紶缁熻鐐圭殑淇锛屸懁璁ㄨ“鎯呮劅鍙?rdquo;鐮旂┒鍦ㄧ悊璁烘柟娉曞拰鐮旂┒鍐呭绛夋柟闈㈢殑鍒涙柊锛屽€熶互娣卞寲鍚勫浗瀛︾晫瀵?ldquo;鎯呮劅鍙?rdquo;鐮旂┒鐨勭悊瑙ｏ紝鎺ㄥ姩“鎯呮劅鍙?rdquo;鐮旂┒鍚戠旱娣卞彂灞曘€?br /> 銆€銆€涓€銆佸悤瑗垮畨·璐瑰か灏斾笌鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌?br /> 銆€銆€浠庡彜甯岃厞鏃朵唬寮€濮嬶紝浜虹被鐨勬儏鎰熶竴鐩存槸鍗佸垎閲嶈鐨勫摬瀛﹀懡棰橈紝澶囧彈浜氶噷澹寰枫€侀樋濂庡鍜岀瑳鍗″皵绛夊摬瀛﹀鐨勫叧娉ㄣ€?9涓栫邯鏈€?ldquo;鎯呮劅”閫愭笎鎴愪负涓€涓壒瀹氭蹇碉紝鍑虹幇鍦ㄥ績鐞嗗瀹剁殑绗斾笅銆傚▉寤?middot;瑭瑰鏂?William James)鍦ㄥ叾浠ｈ〃浣溿€婃儏鎰熸槸浠€涔堛€?What is an Emotion?)涓紝灏辨彁鍒颁簡“鎯呮劅”涓€璇嶃€傗懃鍚屾椂锛屼汉绫荤殑鎯呮劅涔熷彈鍒板崱灏?middot;鍏版櫘鑾卞笇鐗?Karl Lamprecht)鍜岄┈鍏嬫柉·闊︿集(Max Weber)绛夌煡璇嗗垎瀛愮殑鍏虫敞锛屸懄“鎯呮劅”涓€璇嶉€愭笎鍦ㄥ巻鍙茶憲浣滀腑宕湶澶磋銆?br /> 銆€銆€鐒惰€岋紝浠庣湡姝ｆ剰涔変笂鎻愬嚭“鎯呮劅鍙?rdquo;(History of Emotions)杩欎竴姒傚康鐨勶紝褰撳睘“骞撮壌瀛︽淳”鍒涘浜轰箣涓€鐨勫悤瑗垮畨·璐瑰か灏?Lucien Febvre)銆傜敱浜庢繁鎰熶笉鍚屾椂浠ｉ亾寰锋儏鎿嶇殑宸ㄥぇ宸紓锛屸懅1941骞磋垂澶皵渚垮湪鍏躲€婂巻鍙蹭腑鐨勬儏鎰熴€?Sensibility of History)涓€鏂囦腑锛屽€″“娣卞叆鐮旂┒浜虹被鐨勫熀鏈儏鎰熷強鍏惰〃杈惧舰寮?rdquo;銆傗懆鐒惰€岋紝璐瑰か灏斿苟鏈彁鍑哄巻鍙茬殑“杩涙妯″瀷”(progressive model)锛岃繖鎴栬鍚屼粬鐨勬棭骞寸粡鍘嗘湁鍏炽€備粬鏇剧洰鐫规垬浜夊涓栫晫閫犳垚鐨勪弗閲嶇牬鍧忓拰绾崇补浠や汉鍙戞寚鐨勬毚琛屻€傚湪浠栫溂涓紝浠囨仺鐨勫巻鍙层€佹亹鎯х殑鍘嗗彶銆佹畫蹇嶇殑鍘嗗彶鍜岀埍鎯呯殑鍘嗗彶骞堕潪绌鸿皥锛屽畠浠潎鏈夊彲鑳?ldquo;缁堝皢涓栫晫鍙樻垚鎺╁煁灏镐綋鐨勮嚟鍧?rdquo;銆傗懇姝ゅ锛屾湁浜涘鑰呭線寰€渚濇嵁褰撲笅鐨勬儏鍐碉紝鎺ㄦ祴杩囧幓绀句細鐨勬儏鎰熺敓娲汇€傛棭鍦?938骞达紝璐瑰か灏斾究鍦ㄥ叾涓恒€婃硶鍏拌タ鐧剧鍏ㄤ功銆?Encyclopédie francaise)鎾板啓鐨勬潯鐩腑锛?11)鐩存寚杩欎竴鍋氭硶涓嶅悎鏃跺疁锛岃涓哄叾鏈浘鑰冭檻“鎯呮劅瑙傚康”鐨勫彉鍖栵紝蹇借浜?ldquo;鐜板湪”涓?ldquo;杩囧幓”鐨勫樊寮傛€с€傝垂澶皵涓€鐩村己璋冧汉绫绘儏鎰熺殑“鐭涚浘鎬?rdquo;涓?ldquo;宸紓鎬?rdquo;锛屾牴婧愬湪浜庝汉绫绘儏鎰熺姸鎬佹湰灏卞崈宸竾鍒€?br /> 銆€銆€鑽峰叞鍘嗗彶瀛﹀绾︾堪·璧紛娲ュ搱(Johann Huizinga)娣辨劅绗竴娆′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樼殑鎭愭€栨皼鍥达紝鍥犺€屽湪鍏惰憲浣滀腑璁や负锛屼腑涓栫邯鏅氭湡鐨勬娲插厖鏂ュ悇绉嶅悇鏍风殑鎯呮劅锛涗汉绫诲娉勬儏鎰熺殑鏂瑰紡鍗佸垎鐩存帴锛屾瀬鏄撳啿鍔ㄤ笉瀹夈€佸枩鎬掓棤甯革紝鐢氳嚦鍗冲埢灏辩敱鎲庢仺鍙樹负瀹芥仌銆佺敱閲庤洰鍜屾畫蹇嶅彉涓哄悓鎯呭拰鎬滄偗銆備粬灏嗚繖绉嶆贩涔辩殑鎯呮劅鐘舵€佸柣涓?ldquo;楦﹂闆€涔?rdquo;(utter disorder)銆?12)璐瑰か灏斿垯瑙嗕笂杩?ldquo;鍠滄€掓棤甯?rdquo;鐨勬儏鎰熺姸鎬佷负浜虹被鍘嗗彶鐨勫彉鍖栬秼鍔匡紝璁や负鍏剁敱褰撴椂涓嶅悓鐨勭敓娲绘潯浠舵墍鑷淬€?13)鍚屾椂瀵嗗垏鍏虫敞浜虹被鐨勮涓烘ā寮忥紝涓€鐩存€濊€冨湪鏌愪簺鐗规畩鏃舵湡锛屼汉绫昏涓烘ā寮忓彂鐢熻浆鍙樺拰浜掔浉褰卞搷鐨勫彲鑳芥€э紝骞惰瘯鍥炬彮绀轰汉绫诲績鐞嗘椿鍔ㄥ鎯呮劅鐘舵€佺殑娣卞埢褰卞搷銆?14) 銆€銆€璐瑰か灏旂殑鍏朵粬瀛︽湳璐＄尞涓昏鍖呮嫭锛氫富寮?ldquo;鎯呮劅鍙互钄撳欢”(15)锛岃瘯鍥惧缓绔嬩釜浜虹敓娲诲拰闆嗕綋鐢熸椿涓讳綋涔嬮棿鐨勮仈绯伙紱寮虹儓鍛煎悂瀵规亹鎯с€佺埍鎯呫€佹涔愬拰鍘屾伓绛夋儏鎰熷紑灞曠爺绌讹紱鍒嗘瀽“鎯呮劅鍙樺寲”闂鐮旂┒鐨勫唴瀹广€佸眬闄愬拰鎵€闈复鐨勭獦澧冿紱鎻愬€″叧娉ㄥ綋鏃剁ぞ浼氭湁鍏虫垬浜夌殑鎭愭€栨儏鎰燂紝浠ユ槑纭垬浜夋墍浜х敓鐨勪弗閲嶅悗鏋滐紱绛夌瓑銆? 銆€銆€浜屻€佽垂澶皵鍚屾椂鏈熷強鍏朵箣鍚庣殑鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌?br /> 銆€銆€鍦ㄨ垂澶皵涔嬪墠锛屼竴浣嶅勾杞荤殑寰峰浗鍘嗗彶瀛﹀鍜岀ぞ浼氬瀹跺悓鏍锋浘鍛煎悂鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌躲€傝鍗氱壒·浼婇噷浜氭€?Norbert Elias)鍦ㄥ叾钁椾綔銆婃枃鏄庣殑杩涚▼銆?The Civilising Process)褰撲腑锛岄槓閲婁簡鑷繁鐨勪富寮犮€?933骞寸撼绮逛笂鍙颁互鍚庯紝浼婇噷浜氭€濅粠娉曞叞鍏嬬鍏堝悗閫冨線宸撮粠鍜屼鸡鏁︼紝瀹夊畾鍚庝究鐫€鎵嬭憲浣滅殑鎾板啓宸ヤ綔銆?939骞磋涔﹀痉鏂囩増鍑虹増锛屼絾鐩村埌寰锋枃鐗堝啀鐗?1969骞?浠ュ強鑻辨枃鐗?1978骞寸1鍗枫€?982骞寸2鍗?闄嗙画鍑虹増鍚庢墠澹板悕楣婅捣銆?16) 銆€銆€璇ヤ功鐨勭爺绌惰寖鍥村崄鍒嗗箍娉涳紝娑电洊浜嗕腑涓栫邯涓湡鑷?0涓栫邯鐨勬娲插巻鍙插彂灞曡繘绋嬶紝骞跺厖鍒嗗€熼壌璧紛娲ュ搱銆侀煢浼拰寮楁礇浼婂痉(Freud)鐨勬棭鏈熸垚鏋溿€備紛閲屼簹鎬濆湪鐮旂┒浜虹被鎯呮劅瀵硅涓?鍖呮嫭浣撳Э绀间华銆佹毚鍔涜涓哄拰椁愭绀间华绛?鐨勫奖鍝嶆椂锛屽皾璇曞皢绀句細鐨勫彂灞?绀句細鍙戠敓锛宻ociogenesis)涓庝釜浜虹殑鍙樺寲(蹇冪悊鍙戠敓锛宲sychogenesis)鐩哥粨鍚堬紝鏋勫缓鍑轰竴涓?ldquo;婕斿寲妯″瀷”(evolutionary model)銆備紛閲屼簹鎬濊涓猴紝鍦ㄥ浗瀹堕甯冧竴绯诲垪绂佷护鍚庯紝涓笘绾椂鏈熻嚜鐢便€佷笉鍙楁潫缂氱殑鎯呮劅琛ㄨ揪鏂瑰紡鏈夋墍鏀舵暃銆傝繖浜涚浠ゅ唴鍖栦负“缇炶€绘劅”锛岃緝涓烘湁鏁堝湴鎺у埗浜嗕汉绫荤殑鎯呮劅銆佷績杩涗簡涓汉鑷緥琛屼负鐨勫舰鎴愩€備紛閲屼簹鎬濇棦鏄?ldquo;鏈川涓讳箟鑰?rdquo;锛屽悓鏃朵篃鏄?ldquo;寤烘瀯涓讳箟鑰?rdquo;銆?17)浠栫粡甯稿吋鐢?ldquo;褰㈡垚”(affect formation)鍜?ldquo;缁撴瀯”(affect structure)绛夋湳璇紝鐮旂┒澶勪簬鍘嗗彶鍜岀ぞ浼氳繘绋嬩腑鍙戠敓鍙樺寲鐨勬儏鎰熷彶銆備紛閲屼簹鎬濈殑鎴愭灉褰卞搷娣辫繙锛屽悓鏃朵篃楗卞彈闈炶銆傝繖浜涗簤璁富瑕侀泦涓湪涓ょ偣锛氱涓€锛屼粬閲囩敤鐩寸嚎鍜屾笎杩涚殑鐜颁唬鎬у巻鍙插彊杩版ā寮忥紱(18)绗簩锛屼粬閲囩敤閿欒鐨?ldquo;姘村姏妯″紡”(hydraulic model)鐞嗚В鎯呮劅闂銆?19) 銆€銆€20涓栫邯70-80骞翠唬锛屽湪銆婃枃鏄庣殑杩涚▼銆嬭嫳鏂囩増绗?鍗?1978骞?鍑虹増鐨勫悓鏃讹紝鍙插棰嗗煙鍙戠敓浜嗙爺绌舵柟娉曠殑“闈╁懡”锛屽巻鍙茬爺绌剁殑鐒︾偣杞Щ鍒板簳灞備汉姘戣韩涓娿€傛斂娌诲彶鐮旂┒涓嶅啀涓€瀹剁嫭澶э紝鍐滄皯鍙层€佸煄甯傚彶銆佸搴彶銆佸績鐞嗗巻鍙插銆佸コ鎬у彶鍜屾€у埆鍙茬瓑瀛︾鍏呭垎鍊熼壌绀句細鍙插拰浜虹被瀛︾殑鐮旂┒鏂规硶锛屽苟鎴愪负鍙插鐮旂┒鐨勬柊鏂瑰悜銆傚湪瀹跺涵鍙插拰鍎跨鍙茬爺绌惰繃绋嬩腑锛屾儏鎰熸垚涓鸿€冨療瀹跺涵鍙戝睍杩涚▼鐨勯噸瑕佺獥鍙ｃ€備竴浜涘巻鍙插瀹惰涓猴紝18涓栫邯浠ュ墠锛岀埍鎯呭拰瀹跺涵闂寸殑鍏朵粬鎯呮劅鍧?ldquo;寰笉瓒抽亾”銆?20)鍙︿竴浜涘鑰呴┏鏂ヤ簡杩欎竴瑙傜偣銆備粬浠€氳繃鍚勭瀹炰緥锛屽睍鐜版棭鏈熷搴叧绯讳腑瀛樺湪鐨勬繁鍘氭劅鎯咃紝(21)骞跺湪鐞嗚涓婃湁鎵€绐佺牬锛屾寚鍑?ldquo;鐗╄川鍒╃泭”(material interest)鍜?ldquo;鏃犵鎯呮劅”(disinterested emotion)骞堕潪姘寸伀涓嶅锛屾伆鎭扮浉鍙嶏紝涓よ€呮槸绱у瘑鐩歌繛鐨勩€?br /> 銆€銆€鏂板叴鐨勫績鐞嗗巻鍙插鍚屾牱鐮旂┒鎯呮劅闂銆傚鑰呴€氳繃鐮旂┒涓汉鐨勫唴蹇冪姸鎬侊紝鍒嗘瀽杩欎簺鐘舵€佸涓汉鎬濇兂鐨勫舰鎴愬拰涓汉鏀挎不琛屼负鐨勫奖鍝嶏紱(22)閫氳繃鑰冨療瀛愬コ鎶氬吇闂锛屾帰璁ㄥ叾涓庢櫘閬嶇殑绀句細鐒﹁檻涔嬮棿鐨勫叧绯伙紱(23)閫氳繃鐮旂┒“濂冲帆瀹″垽”锛屽睍鐜板コ宸皢涓汉鎯呮劅(鎲庢仺銆佸珘濡掋€佺棝鑻︺€佹鏈涚瓑)鍜岀粡鍘嗙紪閫犱负“鎭堕瓟涔嬭”(24)鐨勬儏褰€?25)褰煎緱·鐩栦紛鏄渶璐熺洓鍚嶇殑蹇冪悊鍘嗗彶瀛﹀锛屼竴鐢熺瑪鑰曚笉杈嶏紝钁楄堪棰囦赴銆傜洊浼婄殑銆婂惎钂欐椂浠ｃ€嬪憟鐜颁簡鏁翠釜鍚挋杩愬姩鐨勯潰璨岋紝銆婂紬娲涗紛寰蜂紶銆嬪畬鏁村湴鍐嶇幇浜嗗紬娲涗紛寰风殑涓€鐢熷強鍏跺寰峰浗鏂囧寲鐨勫奖鍝嶃€備簲鍗锋湰銆婂竷灏斾箶浜氱粡楠屻€嬫弿杩颁簡娉曞浗澶ч潻鍛借嚦绗竴娆′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樻湡闂达紝娆ф床甯冨皵涔斾簹(璧勪骇闃剁骇)鐨勫唴蹇冧笘鐣岋紱鎺㈢┒浜?8-19涓栫邯甯冨皵涔斾簹闃跺眰瑙傚康(缁忛獙銆佹€濇兂銆佷俊浠般€佷环鍊艰鍜屾枃鍖栫瓑)鐨勫舰鎴愯繃绋嬶紝娑夊強鐖辨儏銆佹劅鎯呫€佹敾鍑汇€佸帉鎭躲€佸揩涔愮瓑璇稿鎯呮劅銆?26) 銆€銆€灏界涓婅堪钁椾綔宸茬粡鎴栧鎴栧皯鎰忚瘑鍒版儏鎰熺殑閲嶈鎰忎箟锛屽嵈濮嬬粓娌¤兘灏嗗叾瑙嗕负鐮旂┒鐨勭劍鐐广€傛儏鎰熷父琚瓑鍚屼簬鎬濇兂鎴愪负鍙欒堪鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鑰屼笉鏄瑙嗕负鏀瑰彉鍘嗗彶杩涚▼鐨勫姏閲忋€傜洿鍒拌·寰峰悤鑾?Jean Delumeau)鐨勪綔鍝佸嚭鐜板悗锛岃繖涓€鐮旂┒鎯呭喌鎵嶆湁鎵€濂借浆銆傚痉鍚曡帿鏄硶鍥借憲鍚嶅巻鍙插瀹讹紝涓撻暱浜庢枃鑹哄鍏村拰瀹楁暀鏀归潻鍘嗗彶鐮旂┒锛屽湪20涓栫邯70-90骞翠唬鍑虹増浜嗘湁鍏?ldquo;鎭愭儳”(fear)(27)鍜?ldquo;鎰х枤”(guilt)(28)鎯呮劅鐨勪笓钁椼€傚痉鍚曡帿渚濇墭澶ч噺璧勬枡璁鸿瘉鎭愭儳鐨勬秷鏋佹€ц川锛屾寚鍑烘亹鎯ф簮浜庝汉绫诲涓栫晫鐨勮攽瑙嗭紝(29)婧愪簬浜虹被鍥犲師缃€屼骇鐢熺殑鎰х枤锛屾簮浜庝汉绫昏剳娴蜂腑鍥烘湁鐨勬毚鍔涖€佸浠囧拰涓ュ帀鐨勪笂甯濆舰璞°€備粬璁や负锛屼粠14涓栫邯寮€濮嬶紝鍙楀洶蹇冩€?siege mentality)鍜屾毚鍔涜涓哄湪瑗挎柟鐩涜锛岃€屾亹鎯ф鏄彈鍥板績鎬佸拰鏆村姏琛屼负鐨勬牳蹇冦€傛亹鎯х殑绉瀬褰卞搷铏藉悓琚彁鍙婏紝鍗撮矞鏈変汉鍏虫敞銆傚痉鍚曡帿閲囩敤瀹為獙蹇冪悊瀛︾殑鐮旂┒鏂规硶锛?30)鍒╃敤“鍒烘縺—鍙嶅簲”妯″紡(stimulus-response framework)瑙ｈ鎭愭儳銆傛濡傛壃·鏅叞浣╁皵(Jan Plamper)鎵€瑷€锛屽痉鍚曡帿鏄湪“鎺㈣鍙樺寲鐨勩€佷笌鎭愭儳鏈夊叧鐨勪富璇拰瀹捐锛屾崲瑷€涔嬪氨鏄爺绌?lsquo;璋佸湪瀹虫€曚粈涔?rsquo;(who was afraid of what)”銆?31)姝ゅ锛屽痉鍚曡帿杩樿涓烘亹鎯ф儏鎰熸槸纭畾鐨勶紝鍜岀壒瀹氱殑浜哄拰浜嬫湁鍏筹紝(32)鍗村苟娌℃湁璁ㄨ鎭愭儳涓庣劍铏戙€佹亹鎱屻€佹敾鍑汇€佺ぞ鍖哄洟缁撳拰鍏卞悓鐩爣绛夋蹇电殑鍖哄埆銆傚疄闄呬笂锛屾亹鎯ф儏鎰熸槸澶氱澶氭牱鐨勶紝鏈夋椂鍙〃鐜颁负鎰ゆ€掋€佸珘濡掞紝鏈夋椂鍙〃鐜颁负涓嶅畨銆佺粷鏈涖€佹儕鎭愮敋鑷虫槸鏁晱銆傚洜姝わ紝浠庝簨鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌剁殑瀛﹁€呭簲閲嶇偣鍏虫敞鎰ゆ€掓儏鎰熶骇鐢熺殑鍘熷洜鍜岃〃鐜扮殑鏂瑰紡銆?br /> 銆€銆€20涓栫邯70-80骞翠唬锛屽彶瀛︾爺绌跺紑濮嬫湞璺ㄥ绉戠殑鏂瑰悜鍙戝睍锛屼笉鏂惛鏀舵柊鐨勭悊璁轰笌鏂规硶銆佺Н鏋佹寲鎺樻柊鐨勬枃鐚笌璧勬枡锛岃澶氭柊鐨勫绉戝垎鏀簲杩愯€岀敓銆?ldquo;鎯呮劅鍙?rdquo;鐮旂┒渚挎槸鍦ㄨ繖涓€鏃舵湡鑾峰緱浜嗚繀閫熺殑鍙戝睍銆傚郊寰?middot;鏂壒鎭╂柉鏄€婄ぞ浼氬彶鐮旂┒銆?Journal of Social History)鏉傚織鐨勫垱濮嬩富缂?1967骞?銆?985骞达紝褰煎緱·鏂壒鎭╂柉鍜屽崱缃楀皵·鏂壒鎭╂柉澶鍦ㄣ€婄編鍥藉巻鍙茶瘎璁恒€?The American Historical Review)鏉傚織涓婏紝鍙戣〃浜嗕竴绡囬鏈夊奖鍝嶇殑鏂囩珷锛屽厖鍒嗘帰璁ㄦ儏鎰熷彶鐮旂┒瀵逛簬浜嗚В鍘嗗彶鐨勯噸澶ф剰涔夈€佸垱閫犱簡“鎯呮劅瀛?rdquo;(emotionology)杩欎竴鏈锛屽苟鍙峰彫瀛︾晫娣卞叆寮€灞曟湁鍏虫儏鎰熷彶鍜?ldquo;鎯呮劅瀛?rdquo;鏈鐨勭爺绌跺伐浣溿€?33)璇ユ枃閲囩敤绀句細鍙茬爺绌舵柟娉曪紝灏嗙ぞ浼氬彶鍚岀ぞ浼氬鍜屽績鐞嗗鐞嗚绱у瘑鐩歌繛锛?ldquo;寮ヨˉ浜嗗績鐞嗗巻鍙插鏃犳硶鐮旂┒浠ュ線缇や綋鎯呭喌鐨勭己鎲?rdquo;锛?34)鍙嶆槧鍑烘儏鎰熷彶鐮旂┒鍚戠ぞ浼氬彶鐮旂┒闈犳嫝鐨勮秼鍔匡紱鍚屾椂锛岃繕涓虹ぞ浼氬彶瀛﹁€呭悓鏂囧寲鍙层€佸畻鏁欏彶鍜屾€濇兂鏂囧寲鍙插鑰呭垱閫犱簡鏂扮殑浜ゆ祦濂戞満锛?35)鎺ㄥ姩浜嗗搴彶銆佸効绔ュ彶銆佷汉鍙ｇ粺璁″銆佸濮诲彶绛夊垎鏀绉戝悜鍓嶅彂灞曘€?br /> 銆€銆€鏂壒鎭╂柉涓诲紶涓ユ牸鍖哄垎“鎯呮劅”鍜?ldquo;鎯呮劅瀛?rdquo;鐨勬蹇碉紝璁や负“鎯呮劅瀛?rdquo;鐮旂┒“绀句細鎴栫ぞ浼氬唴閮ㄦ湁鍏冲熀鏈劅鎯呯殑鏍囧噯浠ュ強浜虹被瀵瑰緟绀句細琛屼负瑙勮寖鐨勬€佸害”(36)銆傛柉鐗规仼鏂崄鍒嗗叧娉ㄧぞ浼氬瀹跺父甯告彁鍒扮殑瑙勮寖锛岄樋鍒?middot;鎷夊灏?middot;闇嶈但甯屽皵寰?Arlie Russell Hochschild)鍒欏皢杩欎簺瑙勮寖绉颁负“鎯呮劅瑙勫垯”(feeling rules)銆備袱鑰呰涓猴紝鎯呮劅鍙茬殑鐮旂┒鍐呭搴旇鍖呮嫭锛?ldquo;鎯呮劅瑙勫垯”浜х敓銆佸彂灞曘€佺淮鎸佸拰鍙樺寲鐨勬椂闂村拰鏂瑰紡锛涗釜浜哄鐞?ldquo;鎯呮劅浣撻獙”(emotional experience)涓?ldquo;鎯呮劅瑙勫垯”(emotional norms)鍏崇郴鐨勬柟寮忋€?37)鏂壒鎭╂柉绛夊鑰呰繕鎺㈣浜嗙編鍥界ぞ浼氭帶鍒舵劋鎬掓儏鎰熺殑鏂瑰紡銆?38)20涓栫邯“瀚夊”鎯呮劅鐢辫薄寰佺埗鏉冨拰鑽ｈ獕鍙樹负濂虫€с€佸崰鏈夋鍜岀珵浜?ldquo;浠ｅ悕璇?rdquo;鐨勫師鍥?39)浠ュ強鍚戞潵鍗佸垎鎷樿皑鐨?ldquo;鍐烽潤”(cool)鎯呮劅鍦?0涓栫邯鍒濇湡鎴愪负宸ヤ綔鍦烘墍鍜屽叕鍏辩敓娲诲噯鍒欑殑鍘熷洜鍜岀粡杩囥€?40)鏂壒鎭╂柉涓烘儏鎰熷彶鐨勭爺绌跺仛鍑轰簡閲嶅ぇ璐＄尞锛屽挨鍏舵槸鍦ㄥ紩杩涚ぞ浼氬鍜屽績鐞嗗鏂规硶鐮旂┒缇庡浗鍘嗗彶鍙戝睍杩涚▼浠ュ強鍒涢€犲拰鎻愬嚭鏂扮殑鏈鍜屾蹇点€佷赴瀵屾儏鎰熷彶鐨勭爺绌跺唴瀹圭瓑鏂归潰銆傜劧鑰岋紝姝ｅ鑺姯鎷?middot;缃楁．瀹涙仼(Barbara Rosenwein)鎵€瑷€锛?41)鏂壒鎭╂柉瀵规儏鎰熸爣鍑嗗拰“鎯呮劅瀛?rdquo;鏈鐨勭悊瑙ｈ緝涓虹嫮闅橈紝鐮旂┒寰€寰€浠ュ亸姒傚叏锛屽拷瑙嗕簡鍓嶇幇浠ｆ娲茬ぞ浼氬拰澶氭暟闈炴娲茬ぞ浼氱殑鎯呮劅鍙插彂灞曡繘绋嬨€?42) 銆€銆€杩戝勾鏉ワ紝鎵?middot;鏅叞浣╁皵鍗佸垎鍏虫敞“9·11”鎭愭€栬鍑讳簨浠跺鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌剁殑宸ㄥぇ褰卞搷銆?43)浠栬涓猴紝“9·11”浜嬩欢鍑嗙‘鍦拌癄閲婁簡“鎯呮劅鍦ㄥ巻鍙插彂灞曡繘绋嬩腑鍙戞尌鐨勫偓鍖栦綔鐢?rdquo;锛屼笌璐瑰か灏旀浘鎻愬強鐨?ldquo;浜屾垬鐨勬儴鐘跺拰1941骞寸撼绮圭粺娌诲鎯呮劅鐨勫奖鍝?rdquo;濡傚嚭涓€杈欍€?ldquo;9·11”浜嬩欢瀛曡偛浜?ldquo;缃戠粶鎯呮劅”(e-motion)(44)锛屽偓鐢熷嚭澶ч噺鐨勮礋闈㈡儏鎰熴€傛瘮濡傦紝鏅€氭皯浼楄涓烘亹鎬栧垎瀛愬嚭浜?ldquo;鎲庢仺”鑰屽紑灞曟亹鎬栬鍔紝(閫濊€?瀹朵汉鍜屽ソ鍙嬫偛鎭镐笉宸诧紝鐜板満鐩嚮鑰呭拰鐢佃瑙備紬鏋佷负闇囨儕銆?ldquo;9·11”浜嬩欢鍦ㄥ叏缇庡紩鍙戜簡宸ㄥぇ鐨勭劍铏戜笌涓嶅畨(鎯呮劅)锛屼績浣夸汉浠Н鏋佽В璇昏繖娆℃亹鎬栬鍑伙紝骞朵骇鐢熶簡杈冧负娣辫繙鐨勫奖鍝嶃€備汉浠涓鸿繖缇ゆ毚寰掑苟闈炴儏缁贩涔辨垨鏈夊績鐞嗛殰纰嶇殑鐙傜儹鍒嗗瓙锛屽叾鎭愭€栬涓轰技涔庡彟鏈夊叾鍥狅紝浠庤€屾帹鍔ㄤ簡鐢熷懡绉戝(life sciences)瀛︾鐨勫叴璧枫€傚鑰呴€愭笎鎰忚瘑鍒版儏鎰熺殑閲嶈鎰忎箟锛屾垨灏嗗叾瑙嗕负璁ょ煡杩囩▼鐨勯噸瑕佺粍鎴愰儴鍒嗭紝鎴栧皢鍏惰涓?ldquo;鎬濇兂鏉愭枡”(thought material)锛屾墦鐮翠簡“鎯呮劅”涓?ldquo;鐞嗘€?rdquo;(rationality)鐨勪簩鍏冨绔嬶紝浠庤€屼负鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌舵敞鍏ヤ簡绮剧鍔ㄥ姏锛屾湁鍒╀簬娣卞叆鐮旂┒鎯呮劅鍦ㄥ巻鍙插彂灞曡繃绋嬩腑鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€? 銆€銆€涓夈€佹儏鎰熷彶鐮旂┒鐞嗚 銆€銆€1.濞佸粔·鐟炶开涓?ldquo;鎯呮劅琛ㄨ揪” 銆€銆€缇庡浗鍘嗗彶瀛﹀濞佸粔·鐟炶开鏄浣嶅皢鐢熷懡绉戝鐞嗚寮曞叆鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌剁殑瀛﹁€呫€?45)鐟炶开涓撻暱浜庢硶鍥藉彶鐮旂┒锛屾浘甯堜粠浜虹被瀛﹀ぇ甯堝厠鍒╁紬寰?middot;绾皵鍏?Clifford Geertz)鍜岃憲鍚嶅績鐞嗗瀹舵澃缃楀·鍗℃牴(Jerome Kagan)锛屽垎鍒彇寰椾汉绫诲(鏅灄鏂】澶у)鍜屽績鐞嗗(鍝堜經澶у)鐨勫崥澹悗瀛︿綅銆?0涓栫邯90骞翠唬涓湡锛岀憺杩皾璇曞皢鍘嗗彶瀛︺€佷汉绫诲鍜屽績鐞嗗鐨勭爺绌舵柟娉曠浉缁撳悎锛屼粠鍏ㄦ柊鐨勮瑙掔爺绌舵儏鎰熷彶銆?46) 銆€銆€鐟炶开鍦ㄥ叾銆婃劅鎯呯爺绌舵寚鍗楋細鎯呮劅鍙茬殑妗嗘灦銆?The Navigation of Feeling:A Framework for the History of Emotions)涓€涔︿腑锛?47)鍊熼壌璁ょ煡蹇冪悊瀛﹀拰浜虹被瀛︾殑鏂规硶鐮旂┒鎯呮劅鍙层€傚湪璇ヤ功鐨勫悗鍗婇儴鍒嗭紝鐟炶开灏嗘硶鍥界殑鍘嗗彶杩涚▼鍚屾儏鎰熻仈绯诲湪涓€璧凤紝璁や负18-19涓栫邯鍏堟槸娉曞浗“璐垫棌寮?rdquo;鑽ｈ獕鍑嗗垯(aristocratic code of honor)鐩涜锛岃€屽悗鍦ㄥぇ闈╁懡鍜屾亹鎬栨椂鏈熸瀬绔?ldquo;鎰熶激涓讳箟”(sentimentalism)鍏磋捣锛涢殢鐫€闈╁懡鍚庝吉鍠勩€佹€€鐤戝拰鎭愭儳鎯呮劅鐨勮敁寤讹紝鎷跨牬浠戠嫭瑁佺粺娌绘椂鏈熸柊鐨?ldquo;姘戜富寮?rdquo;鑽ｈ獕鍑嗗垯(democratized code of honor)鏈€缁堝崰鎹笂椋庛€傜憺杩皢鎯呮劅鐞嗚寮曞叆18-19涓栫邯娉曞浗鍙茬爺绌跺綋涓紝灞曠幇鍑哄鑰呭湪鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌舵柟闈㈢殑鍒濇灏濊瘯鍜屾湁鐩婃帰绱€?br /> 銆€銆€鐟炶开浠ョ爺绌?8-19涓栫邯娉曞浗鍜屾娲茬殑鍔冲姩鍙茶闀匡紝鍏舵湁鍏虫満鍣ㄥ埗閫犱笟鍙戝睍鍙茬殑钁楄堪棰囦赴銆傚綋浠栫潃鎵嬬爺绌?804骞淬€婃嬁鐮翠粦娉曞吀銆?Napoleon's Civil Code)涓殑濠氬Щ濂戠害鏃讹紝娉ㄦ剰鍒版儏鎰熷濠氬Щ濂戠害鍜屼袱鎬у叧绯荤殑閲嶈鎰忎箟浠ュ強“鍘嗗彶鍖?rdquo;杩欎簺鎯呮劅鐨勫繀瑕佹€э紝甯屾湜鍊熸“涓轰釜浣撶爺绌舵彁渚涙洿涓哄潥瀹炲拰鏈夋晥鐨勫熀纭€”銆?48)鐟炶开鍏呭垎鍊熼壌绾︾堪·濂ユ柉涓?John Austin)鐨?ldquo;瑷€璇涓虹悊璁?rdquo;(speech-act theory)锛屽吋鐢?ldquo;鏅亶涓讳箟”(universalism鎴朿onstative)鍜?ldquo;绀句細缁撴瀯涓讳箟”(social constructivism鎴杙erformative)锛?49)鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绉嶇ぞ浼氳瑷€瀛︾殑鎯呮劅鐞嗚鍗?ldquo;鎯呮劅琛ㄨ揪”(emotives)銆備粬璁や负锛屾瘡涓€娆＄殑鎯呮劅琛ㄨ揪閮芥槸璋冨姩鎯呮劅鐨勮繃绋嬶紝娑夊強涓汉鐨勬儏鎰熺姸鎬佸拰琛ㄨ揪鏂瑰紡銆傝繖绉嶈〃杈惧彲鑳藉鏁堬紝涔熷彲鑳藉け鏁堬紝缁撴灉浣垮緱浜虹被琛ㄨ揪鐨勬儏鎰熷拰鍐呭績鐨勬兂娉曟棤娉曞尮閰嶃€?50) 銆€銆€鐟炶开瀵规儏鎰熷仛鍑哄涓嬪畾涔夛細“鎯呮劅鏄澗鏁ｈ繛鎺ョ潃銆佹湁鍏卞悓鐩爣鐨勬€濇兂鏉愭枡銆傝繖浜?lsquo;鎬濇兂鏉愭枡’鎷ユ湁涓嶅悓鐨勭紪鐮侊紝鍏锋湁鍖栧悎浠峰拰寮哄害銆傚畠浠父甯稿悓鏃惰婵€娲?activated)锛屽嵈鍥犱负浜虹被娉ㄦ剰鍔涚殑灞€闄愶紝鏃犳硶鍦ㄧ煭鏃堕棿鍐呰杞寲涓鸿鍔ㄦ垨璇█銆?rdquo;(51)鎹㈣█涔嬶紝鎯呮劅鏄€濇兂鏉愭枡锛屼篃鏄竴绉嶈鐭ュ弽搴?cognitive responses)锛屽畠寰€寰€瓒呰秺璇█涓斾笉鏄撹杞寲銆備汉绫诲父甯搁€氳繃“鎯呮劅琛ㄨ揪”鎺у埗杩欎簺鎯呮劅锛屼互杈惧埌鍚屼粬浜轰氦娴佸拰娌熼€氱殑鐩殑銆傜憺杩簲鐢ㄨ鐭ュ績鐞嗗(cognitive psychology)鏂归潰鐨勭爺绌舵垚鏋滐紝瀵逛紶缁熻鐐硅繘琛屼簡淇锛岃涓?ldquo;鎯呮劅”鍜?ldquo;鎬濇兂”(thought)骞堕潪鐩镐簰瀵圭珛锛屾儏鎰熷拰涓汉鐨勭洰鏍囥€佸姩鏈哄拰璁ょ煡鑳藉姏鍧囨湁鍏宠仈銆傚悗鏉ワ紝鐟炶开鍙堝€熼壌浜嗘儏鎰熺缁忕瀛?affective neuroscience)鐨勭爺绌舵柟娉曪紝鍦ㄥ叾浠栨枃绔犱腑娣卞叆鎺㈣浜?ldquo;鐞嗘櫤”(reason)涓?ldquo;鎯呮劅”鐨勫叧绯伙紝璁や负杩欎袱绉嶅ぇ鑴戞椿鍔ㄧ揣瀵嗙浉杩烇細鍚屾椂鍙楀ぇ鑴戞寚鎸ワ紝浣嗕笌鍒嗛厤娉ㄦ剰鍔涘拰璁板繂鍔涖€佸簲瀵瑰埡婵€鎰熺殑鏂瑰紡涓嶅悓銆?52) 銆€銆€鍦ㄧ爺绌舵儏鎰熷彶鏃讹紝鐟炶开浣跨敤“鎯呮劅瑙勫垯”(emotional regimes)鐨勬蹇碉紝鏉ヨВ閲?ldquo;鎯呮劅瀹炶返”(emotional practices)鐨勫彉鍖栨柟寮忓拰杩囩▼銆傜憺杩皢鎯呮劅瑙嗕负“鍔姏鑼冨洿”(domains of effort)锛?53)璁や负浜虹被閫氳繃“鍔姏”浣胯嚜韬殑鎯呮劅椋庢牸涓?ldquo;鎯呮劅瑙勫垯”鐩哥銆?54)濡傛灉澶氭暟浜哄彂瑙?ldquo;鎯呮劅瑙勫垯”杩囦簬涓撴í锛屼粬浠究浼氫负鑷繁浜夊彇“鎯呮劅鑷敱”(emotional liberty)锛屼竴杈规姷鍒舵棫鐨勮鍒欙紝涓€杈瑰缓绔嬫柊鐨勬儏鎰熻鑼冨拰鎯呮劅绠＄悊缁撴瀯銆佸埗瀹氭柊鐨勬儏鎰熺瓥鐣ャ€?ldquo;鎯呮劅瑙勫垯”(emotional regimes or feeling rules)澶т綋绛夊悓浜?ldquo;鎯呮劅瀛?rdquo;(鐢辨柉鐗规仼鏂彁鍑?鍜屾儏鎰熻鑼冦€備笉杩囷紝鐟炶开鎻愬嚭鐨勮繖涓€姒傚康锛屽悗鏉ラケ鍙楀叾浠栧鑰呴潪璁€傚鑰呭璁や负鐟炶开鎻愬嚭鐨勫熀鏈師鍒欎互鐞嗘€т负涓績锛屼笖“鎯呮劅瑙勫垯”涓庢斂娌诲埗搴﹀叧绯讳笉澶с€傜憺杩富寮?ldquo;鎯呮劅瑙勫垯”涓庢斂娌荤幆澧冨拰寤虹珛姘戞棌鍥藉(nation state)鐨勮瘔姹傛湁鐫€鍗冧笣涓囩紩鐨勮仈绯伙紝鐜颁唬姘戞棌鍥藉鏄吀鍨嬬殑鏀挎不鍒跺害锛屽父鐢?ldquo;鎯呮劅瑙勫垯”缁寸郴銆傜劧鑰岋紝鍦ㄤ汉绫荤ぞ浼氬彂灞曠殑澶氭暟闃舵锛屾潈鍔涘父鏄垎鏁ｇ殑锛屽緢灏戝瓨鍦ㄥ崰鏈夌粺娌诲湴浣嶇殑鏀挎潈鎺у埗涓汉鍜岀ぞ浼氱敓娲荤殑鎯呭喌锛屼篃涓嶅瓨鍦ㄥ崟涓€鐨勩€佺敤浠ョ淮绯绘斂鏉冪殑浠ぜ琛ㄧ幇(performance of rituals)鍜岃薄寰佸疄璺?symbolic practices)銆備釜浜哄湪琛ㄨ揪鎯呮劅鏃讹紝寰€寰€瑙嗘墍浠庡睘缇や綋鍜屽弬涓庢椿鍔ㄧ殑鎯呭喌锛屽喅瀹氱┒绔熼伒寰摢绉?ldquo;瑙勫垯”銆?br /> 銆€銆€2.鑺姯鎷?middot;缃楁．瀹涙仼涓?ldquo;鎯呮劅鍥綋” 銆€銆€缇庡浗鍘嗗彶瀛﹀鑺姯鎷?middot;缃楁．瀹涙仼涓撻暱浜庝腑涓栫邯鍙茬爺绌讹紝鍦ㄧ爺绌朵腑涓栫邯鐨勭娆蹭富涔夊悗锛岄€愭笎姝ュ叆鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌剁殑闃佃惀銆傚ス杈ㄦ瀽浜嗘儏鎰熷彶鐨勬湳璇苟鑰冨療浜嗘儏鎰熺殑鎺у埗涓庡彉鍖栵紝(55)浜х敓浜嗚緝涓烘繁杩滅殑褰卞搷銆?br /> 銆€銆€鏃╁湪1995骞达紝缃楁．瀹涙仼鍙楅個鍙傚姞缇庡浗鍘嗗彶瀛︿細涓惧姙鐨勫勾浼氥€傚湪灏忕粍璁ㄨ鐜妭锛屽ス灏?ldquo;涓笘绾劋鎬掓儏鎰熺殑绀句細鏋勫缓”闂鍙戣〃浜嗙嫭鍒扮殑瑙佽В銆傝€屽悗锛屽ス鐫€鎵嬬爺绌舵劋鎬掓儏鎰燂紝骞跺嚭鐗堜竴鏈鏂囬泦锛屾帰璁ㄤ簡鏈夊叧鎯呮劅鍙茬殑鑻ュ共闂銆?56) 銆€銆€鍦ㄨ鏂囬泦涓紝缃楁．瀹涙仼闆嗕腑鎵瑰垽浜嗕紛閲屼簹鎬濈殑瑙傜偣锛屼富瑕佽〃鐜板湪涓や釜鏂归潰銆傜涓€锛屼紛閲屼簹鎬濇浘缁忔寚鍑猴紝涓笘绾殑鎯呮劅琛ㄨ揪鏂瑰紡鐩存帴鍙堢矖绯欙紝鍐滄皯鐨勬劋鎬掓儏鎰熷弽鏄犲嚭褰撴椂鏁翠釜绀句細鎯呮劅绉╁簭鐨勫け鎺с€傜綏妫疀鎭╁嵈璁や负锛岃繖绉嶆弿杩颁笉杩囨槸璐垫棌绮捐嫳鐨勬澃浣滐紝骞跺€熼壌寰峰浗瀛﹁€呮牸灏斿痉·闃垮皵鐗归湇澶?Gerd Althof)鐨勭爺绌舵垚鏋滐紝灏嗗啘姘戠殑鎰ゆ€掓儏鎰熻涓哄叾璞″緛閫氭剰(symbolic communication)鐨勭瓥鐣ュ拰褰㈠紡銆傜綏妫疀鎭╄繕鎸囧嚭锛岃€冨療澶嶆潅绀句細鐨勬劋鎬掓儏鎰熸椂锛屼笉搴斿鎵炬儏鎰熻涓?emotional behaviour)鐨?ldquo;杞姌鐐?rdquo;(turning points)锛?57)鍥犱负绀句細鍐呴儴“瀛樺湪璁稿鎯呮劅琛屼负鍙緵浜轰滑閫夋嫨”銆?58)绗簩锛屼紛閲屼簹鎬濈瓑瀛﹁€呭湪鐮旂┒鎯呮劅鍙叉椂锛屾彁鍑轰簡涓€绉?ldquo;姘村姏妯″瀷”锛岃涓轰汉绫绘儏鎰熶綅浜庤韩浣撳唴閮紝甯稿湪“鎭掑畾鍘嬪己”涓嬩笉鏂仛闆嗭紝鏈€缁堜細閫氳繃涓€绉嶄笉鍙楁帶鍒剁殑鏂瑰紡“鍠峰彂”鎴?ldquo;鐖嗗彂”锛岃繘鑰屽鑷?ldquo;鍓х儓鐨勫弽搴?rdquo;銆傜綏妫疀鎭╁湪杩欐湰璁烘枃闆嗕腑鍒濇鍒嗘瀽浜嗚繖涓€妯″瀷鐨勮捣婧愶紝骞跺湪4骞村悗鍙戣〃鐨勫彟涓€绡囨枃绔犱腑锛屾繁鍏ユ帰璁ㄤ簡杩欎竴闂銆傛鍓嶏紝鍦ㄦ儏鎰熷彶鐮旂┒杩囩▼涓紝瀛樺湪涓€绉?ldquo;瀹忓ぇ鍙欒堪妯″紡”(grand historical schema)锛岃浼楀瀛﹁€呭箍娉涙帴鍙楀拰搴旂敤銆?59)鏍规嵁杩欎竴妯″紡锛屾暣涓タ鏂圭殑鍘嗗彶灏辨槸浜虹被鎯呮劅閫愭笎琚姂鍒剁殑杩囩▼銆?60)缃楁．瀹涙仼鎵瑰垽浜嗚繖绉嶅巻鍙插彊浜嬫ā寮忥紝璁や负杩戝勾鏉ョ殑鐮旂┒鎴愭灉宸插皢鍏舵帹缈汇€備竴鏂归潰锛屼簬20涓栫邯60骞翠唬鍏磋捣鐨?ldquo;璁ょ煡蹇冪悊瀛?rdquo;锛屽皢“浜鸿剳鐪嬩綔绫讳技浜庤绠楁満鐨勪俊鎭姞宸ョ郴缁?rdquo;銆傚彟涓€鏂归潰锛屼簬20涓栫邯70骞翠唬鍏磋捣鐨?ldquo;绀句細寤烘瀯涓讳箟”(social constructionism)锛屽皢鎯呮劅瑙嗕负鏃朵唬鏂囧寲鐨勪骇鐗┿€?61)鍥犳锛屼紛閲屼簹鎬濇湁鍏虫儏鎰熻浆鍚戠殑闃愯堪(浠庝腑涓栫邯鑷?6涓栫邯锛屾儏鎰熸潫缂氬拰鎯呮劅鑷緥瓒婃潵瓒婁弗鏍笺€佺ぞ浼氳璁€愭笎鍐呭寲)鏄珯涓嶄綇鑴氱殑銆?br /> 銆€銆€缃楁．瀹涙仼杩樻彁鍑轰簡钁楀悕鐨?ldquo;鎯呮劅鍥綋”(emotional communities)姒傚康锛屽叧娉ㄤ汉绫诲湪瀹跺涵銆佽浼氥€佽浼氥€佷慨閬撻櫌绛夊満鎵€鐨勬儏鎰熻〃鐜般€傝瘯鍥惧垎鏋愯繖浜涘洟浣撶殑鎯呮劅鍑嗗垯銆佹儏鎰熻仈绯汇€佹儏鎰熻瘎浠峰拰鎯呮劅琛ㄨ揪銆?62)2006骞达紝缃楁．瀹涙仼鍦ㄥ叾銆婁腑涓栫邯鐨勬儏鎰熷洟浣撱€嬩竴涔︿腑锛岃€冨療浜?-8涓栫邯涓嶅悓鎯呮劅鍥綋鐨勬儏鍐点€傚ス璁や负锛岃繖浜涘洟浣撳浜庤嫢骞查噸鍙犵殑澶у悓蹇冨渾鍜屽皬鍚屽績鍦嗕箣涓€傚ぇ鐨勫悓蹇冨渾鍐呮槸涓诲鐨勫洟浣擄紝閲岄潰鍖呭惈鑻ュ共“娆¤”鐨勬儏鎰熷洟浣撱€?63)“鎯呮劅璇█”(emotion words)鏄汉绫昏〃杈炬儏鎰熺殑涓昏濯掍粙锛屽苟鏋勬垚“鎯呮劅鑴氭湰”(emotion scripts)銆傚洜姝わ紝濂瑰洿缁曚汉绫荤殑“鎯呮劅璇█”鍜?ldquo;鎯呮劅鑴氭湰”鍋氫簡澶ч噺鐮旂┒銆傚ス鎸囧嚭锛?ldquo;鎯呮劅鑴氭湰”鏄鍏冪殑銆備换浣曠ぞ浼氶兘涓嶅彲鑳藉彧瀛樺湪涓€绉?ldquo;鎯呮劅鑴氭湰”锛岃繖涓昏涓庡墠鐜颁唬鍖栫ぞ浼氬垎鏁ｇ殑绀句細鐘跺喌鏈夊叧銆傚綋鏃朵竴涓ぞ浼氬唴閮ㄥ線寰€瀛樺湪澶氫釜鏀挎潈锛屼釜浜轰粠灞炰簬涓嶅悓鐨勬儏鎰熷洟浣擄紝鍙楀埌“鎯呮劅浣撶郴”(systems of feeling)鍜屽叡浜紡“鎯呮劅妯″紡”鐨勬繁鍒诲奖鍝嶃€?64)鐩告瘮鐟炶开锛屽ス鐪间腑鐨勬儏鎰熸洿涓哄鍙橈紝涓斿彲浠ヨ法鍩熸椂闂村拰鏂囧寲銆傜劧鑰岋紝瀛︾晫灏氭湭鍘樻竻鎯呮劅鍥綋鐨勫彉鍖栨柟寮忋€?ldquo;鎯呮劅浣撶郴”鍏磋捣鍜岃“钀界殑鍘熷洜銆傝繎骞存潵锛岀綏妫疀鎭╄櫧寮鸿皟澶氶噸鍥犵礌鐨勫叡鍚屼綔鐢紝浣嗚繕鏄病鑳借缁嗛槓杩拌繖浜涘洜绱犲湪浼楀绀句細涓殑杩愪綔妯″紡銆?65) 銆€銆€3.鑾Ξ鍙?middot;甯屽皵涓?ldquo;鎯呮劅瀹炶返” 銆€銆€钁楀悕鏂囧寲浜虹被瀛﹀鍜屽巻鍙蹭汉绫诲瀹惰帿濡彲·甯屽皵(Monique Scheer)锛屽湪鎯呮劅鍙茬悊璁虹爺绌舵柟闈㈠悓鏍峰仛鍑哄緢澶ц础鐚€?009骞达紝濂瑰悓甯曟柉绉?middot;鍩冪壒涔?Pascal Eitler)鍚堟挵涓€绡囪鏂囷紝鎸囧嚭鎯呮劅鏄韩浣撳拰澶ц剳鐨勭湡瀹炰綋鐜帮紝鍙楃ぞ浼氭潯浠跺拰琛屼负涔犳儻鐨勬繁鍒诲奖鍝嶃€傚洜姝わ紝鎯呮劅鏄€濇兂锛屾槸璇█锛屾洿鏄鍔ㄣ€?66)鍑犲勾鍚庯紝甯屽皵鍙戣〃浜嗗彟涓€绡囨湁褰卞搷鍔涚殑鏂囩珷锛岃緝涓烘繁鍏ュ湴鐮旂┒浜嗚繖涓€闂銆傚ス骞挎硾鍚告敹鍏朵粬瀛﹁€呯殑鐮旂┒鎴愭灉锛屼富瑕佸寘鎷憺杩殑“鍔姏鑼冨洿”銆佺毊鍩冨皵·甯冨皵杩巹(Pierre Bourdieu)鐨?ldquo;鎯範姒傚康”(concept of habitus)鍜屾湁鍏冲ぇ鑴戝彲濉戞€х殑“寤跺睍璁ょ煡鐞嗚”(Extended Mind Theory)绛夛紝杩涜€屽皢鎯呮劅瑙嗕负浠ョぞ浼氫负鍩虹鐨勪綋鍖栧疄璺点€傚笇灏旇涓猴紝浜虹被鐨勮涓虹敱绮剧鎬х殑韬綋鏀厤锛岃韩浣撲緷鎹?ldquo;绀句細鑴氭湰”璁粌鍜屾帶鍒舵儏鎰燂紝涓庨煶涔愬缁冧範婕斿鏇茬洰濡傚嚭涓€杈欍€傛儏鎰?濡傜緸鎰с€佸眻杈便€佺劍铏戙€佹劎鐤氥€佺埍鎱曘€佸皧閲嶇瓑)鏄汉绫荤粡杩囬噸澶嶅疄璺佃€岀啛缁冨拰鑷彂鐨勮涓恒€傚畠涓嶆槸浜虹被涓庣敓淇辨潵鐨勶紝鑰屾槸鍦ㄧぞ浼氬拰鏂囧寲鐢熸椿涓浜虹被閫愭笎鎺屾彙銆?67) 銆€銆€“鎯呮劅瀹炶返”鏄汉绫婚€氳繃鎺у埗韬綋鍜屽ぇ鑴戣€屾縺鍙戞儏鎰熺殑杩囩▼锛屼富瑕佸寘鎷姩鍛?mobilizing)銆佽褰?naming)銆佸€捐瘔(communicating)鍜岀鐞?regulating)鎯呮劅4鏂归潰鍐呭銆傚叿浣撳寘鎷細閫氳繃纭珛鐩爣鍜屽姩鏈恒€佽缁冨拰璋冭妭鎯呮劅銆佺枏瀵艰礋闈㈡儏鎰熺瓑娓犻亾锛屽姩鍛樹釜浜哄拰缇や綋锛涘厑璁镐釜浜鸿褰曞拰鐞嗚В鎯呮劅锛屼繚璇佸姩鍛樺伐浣滅殑杩涜锛涗績杩涘郊姝や簰鐩镐氦娴佸唴蹇冪姸鎬侊紱閬靛惊鐗规畩鐨勬儏鎰熻鍒?“鎯呮劅椋庢牸”鎴?ldquo;鎯呮劅鑴氭湰”)锛岀鐞嗐€佹帶鍒跺拰濉戦€犳儏鎰熴€傚湪“绠＄悊鎯呮劅”鐨勮繃绋嬩腑锛屼汉绫诲彲浠ラ€氳繃閲嶆柊璁ょ煡鑷垜鍜屼笘鐣屽舰鎴愭柊鐨勬儏鎰燂紝骞跺垽鏂繖绉嶆儏鎰熺殑閫傚垏鎬у拰閲嶈鎬с€傚笇灏旈拡瀵规儏鎰熺殑鍐呮兜鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ巻鍙蹭笂鍙戞尌鐨勪綔鐢ㄧ瓑闂锛岃繘琛屼簡杈冧负鍏呭垎鐨勮璇併€備富瑕佽涓猴細鎯呮劅婧愪簬浣撳寲瀹炶返鍜岃鐭ュ疄璺碉紝鍚屽巻鍙插拰鏂囧寲鏈夌潃瀵嗗垏鐨勮仈绯伙紱“鎯呮劅鍞ら啋”(emotional arousals)鏄敓鐞嗘€у拰绀句細鎬х殑琛屼负锛岀敱绮剧鎬х殑韬綋涓诲銆傚笇灏旀彁璁紝鍦ㄧ爺绌舵儏鎰熷彶鏃讹紝瀛﹁€呬笉浠呰鍏虫敞澶勪簬鍙樺寲涓殑鎯呮劅妯″紡銆佽瑷€鍜屽疄璺碉紝杩樿鐣欐剰浣撶幇杩欎簺妯″紡銆佽瑷€鍜屽疄璺电殑绀句細鎬у拰绮剧鎬х殑浜虹被鏈韩銆?68) 銆€銆€鎬讳綋鑰岃█锛岀洰鍓嶈タ鏂瑰鑰呯殑鐮旂┒鏂瑰悜涓昏涓猴細鏇存柊鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌剁殑鐞嗚锛涢噰鐢ㄨ繖浜涚悊璁虹爺绌剁壒娈婃椂鏈熴€佺壒娈婁簨浠跺拰鐗规畩鎯呮劅锛涘紑灞曡法瀛︾鐮旂┒锛岀Н鏋佸紩杩涘叾浠栧绉戠殑鐮旂┒鏂规硶锛屽鏂囧銆佸摬瀛︺€佽壓鏈彶銆佸績鐞嗗鍜屽湴鐞嗗锛岀瓑绛夈€? 銆€銆€鍥涖€佹湁鍏虫儏鎰熷彶鐨勫叾浠栦唬琛ㄦ€ф垚鏋?/b> 銆€銆€鍦ㄨ繃鍘荤殑鍗佸嚑骞撮棿锛屾湁鍏虫儏鎰熷彶鐨勭爺绌舵垚鏋滃闆ㄥ悗鏄ョ瑡鑸秾鐜般€傝繖浜涙垚鏋滄睏鐗涘厖鏍嬶紝鍥夸簬绡囧箙鎵€闄愶紝鏈枃鏃犳硶涓€涓€鏋氫妇锛屽湪姝ゅ彧瀵圭浉鍏宠憲杩板仛涓€绠€瑕佷粙缁嶃€?br /> 銆€銆€绗竴绫绘垚鏋滄湁鍏虫儏鎰熷彶鐮旂┒鐨勭悊璁哄拰鏂规硶锛屾湁鍒╀簬璇昏€呯悊瑙ｅ拰璇勪环涓嶅悓鏂囧寲鍜屽巻鍙茶儗鏅笅鐨勬儏鎰熼棶棰樸€傛瘮濡傦紝鏈·鍔犳灏?Benno Gammerl)鍜岄┈鍏?middot;瑗挎懇(Mark Seymour)鍒嗗埆鎻愬嚭浜?ldquo;鎯呮劅椋庢牸”(emotional styles)鍜?ldquo;鎯呮劅鑸炲彴”(emotional arenas)鐨勬蹇碉紝灏嗘儏鎰熷彶鐮旂┒缃簬绌洪棿銆佸埗搴﹀拰鏂囧寲璇涔嬩笅锛?69)涔岀壒·寮楅浄娌冪壒(Ute Frevert)鍚屾潵鑷煆鏋楅┈鍏嬫柉·鏅湕鍏嬩汉绫诲彂灞曠爺绌朵腑蹇冪殑鎴愬憳锛屽叡鍚岃€冨療浜?8-20涓栫邯寰疯鐮旂┒鍜屽痉璇瓧鍏镐腑鏈夊叧鎯呮劅闂鐨勬牳蹇冩湳璇紱(70)鑻忕強·甯冮瞾濮嗛湇灏?Susan Broomhall)涓哄叾瀛︾敓缂栧啓浜嗕竴閮ㄥ鏈彶钁椾綔锛屼粙缁嶆儏鎰熷彶鐮旂┒鐨勭悊璁恒€佹柟娉曞拰鍐呭绛夈€?71)绗簩绫绘垚鏋滀粠闀挎椂娈电爺绌舵儏鎰熷彶銆傛瘮濡傦紝鑺姯鎷?middot;缃楁．瀹涙仼鑰冨療浜嗕粠涓笘绾嚦17涓栫邯鎯呮劅鐨勫欢缁笌鍙樿縼锛?72)鐨綏浠€鍗?middot;绾冲悏(Piroska Nagy)鍜岃揪绫冲畨·鍗氬嚡(Damien Boucquet)姊崇悊浜嗚繎涓€鍗冨勾鐨勪腑涓栫邯鎯呮劅鍙诧紱(73)鑻忕強·鍗″叞鐗?mdash;绾虫仼(Susan Karant-Nunn)鍏虫敞浜嗕腑涓栫邯鏅氭湡鑷冲畻鏁欐敼闈╂湡闂寸殑瀹楁暀鎯呮劅鍙诧紱(74)涔岀壒·寮楅浄娌冪壒鎾板啓浜嗗ぇ閲忛鏈夎鍦扮殑鏂囩珷锛岃€冨療浜嗚繎浠ｅ彶涓婃儏鎰熺殑姒傚康鍙婂叾杩愮敤锛?75)濞佸粔·鐟炶开鎬荤粨浜?5涓栫邯浠ユ潵锛屾娲插拰鍖楃編鍦板尯鏈夊叧“鑷垜”鍜?ldquo;鎯呮劅”鐨勭爺绌剁姸鍐点€?76)璁稿瀛﹁€呭悓鏍风爺绌惰瑙掓柊棰栵紝姣斿甯冮瞾濮嗛湇灏?Broomhall)鍜岃姮鎭?Finn)銆佸皻鐨縼(Champion)鍜屽叞浠€(Lynch)銆佽幈鏄庢柉(Lemmings)鍜屽竷椴佸厠鏂?Brooks)銆佸埄鑰跺鏂壒(Lilliequist)銆侀┈鐗?Matt)鍜屾柉鐗规仼鏂?Stearns)銆佹柉骞冲厠鏂?Spinks)鍜岄綈鍗?Zika)銆?77)姝ゅ锛岃繕鏈変竴浜涜憲浣滈噸鐐圭爺绌舵煇绉嶆儏鎰熴€傛瘮濡傦紝鐟炶开鍏虫敞“鐖辨儏”锛岄┈鐗瑰叧娉?ldquo;瀚夊”锛屾硦鍏?Bourke)銆佹媺鑺?Laffan)鍜岄煢鏂?Weiss)鍏虫敞“鎭愭儳”锛?78)绛夌瓑銆?br /> 銆€銆€琛峰績甯屾湜浠庝簨鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌剁殑瀛﹁€呰兘缁х画鏇存柊鐞嗚銆佹嫇瀹界爺绌惰閲庯紝灏嗘儏鎰熷彶鍙戝睍鎴愪负鏇存湁褰卞搷鐨勫巻鍙插绉戙€?br /> 銆€銆€闄勫綍锛?/b>瑗挎柟鏈夊叧鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌剁殑涓績銆佹満鏋勫拰椤圭洰 銆€銆€鑽峰叞闃垮鏂壒涓硅嚜鐢卞ぇ瀛﹂樋濮嗘柉鐗逛腹璺ㄥ绉戞儏鎰熷拰鎰熷畼鐮旂┒涓績锛孉CCESS(Amsterdam Centre for Cross-Disciplinary Emotion and Sensory Studies),Vrije University Amsterdam,http://access-emotionsandsenses.nl/銆?br /> 銆€銆€婢冲ぇ鍒╀簹鐮旂┒闄㈡儏鎰熷彶楂樼骇鐮旂┒涓績锛孉ustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for the History of Emotions,http://www.historyofemotions.org.au/銆?br /> 銆€銆€[鍗氬]鎯呮劅鍙诧細浠庝腑涓栫邯鐨勬娲插埌褰撲唬鐨勬境娲诧紝Blog:Histories Of Emotion:From Medieval Europe to Contemporary Australia,https://historiesofemotion.com/銆?br /> 銆€銆€[鏈熷垔]鎯呮劅鍙诧細鍘嗗彶銆佹枃鍖栦笌绀句細锛孞ournal:Emotion:History,Culture,Society(EHCS),http://www.historyofemotions.org.au/society-for-the-history-of-emotions/emotions-journal-ehcs/銆?br /> 銆€銆€[鏈烘瀯]鎯呮劅鍙插浼氾紝Society for the History of Emotions(SHE),http://www.historyofemotions.org.au/society-for-the-history-of-emotions/about-she/銆?br /> 銆€銆€鑻卞浗浼︽暒澶у浼礉鍏嬪闄集璐濆厠“鐤肩棝椤圭洰”锛氬垱浼ゅ彶鍜屽垱浼ゅ鐮旂┒锛孴he Birkbeck Pain Project:Studies in the History and Science of Trauma,Birkbeck University of London,http://www.bbk.ac.uk/history/our-research/birkbeckpainproject銆?br /> 銆€銆€寰峰浗鏌忔灄椹厠鏂?middot;鏅湕鍏嬩汉绫诲彂灞曠爺绌舵墍鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌朵腑蹇冿紝Centre for the History of Emotions,Max Planck Institute for Human Development,Berlin,https://www.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/en/research/history-of-emotions銆?br /> 銆€銆€[鍗氬]娣卞叆鐮旂┒鎯呮劅鍙诧紝Blog:History of Emotions:Insights into Research,https://www.history-of-emotions.mpg.de/en/texts銆?br /> 銆€銆€鐟炲吀浜庨粯濂ュぇ瀛?ldquo;鍓嶇幇浠ｆ€ф儏鎰熸枃鍖栧彶鐮旂┒”鍥介檯澶т細锛孋HEP(Cultural History of Emotions in Premodernity) International Network for the History of Emotions, University,Sweden,http://www.org.umu.se/digitalAssets/164/164511_chep-international-network-for-the-history-of-emotionl.pdf銆?br /> 銆€銆€姣斿埄鏃跺垪鏃ュぇ瀛?ldquo;鏂囧寲鏁忔劅鎬?rdquo;鐮旂┒锛孋ultures Sensibles,Université de Liège,http://web.philo.ulg.ac.be/culturessensibles; http://web.philo.ulg.ac.be/culturessensibles/銆?br /> 銆€銆€鍔犳嬁澶ц挋鐗瑰埄灏旈瓉鍖楀厠澶у“涓笘绾殑鎯呮劅”锛孍MMA(Emotions in the Middle Ages),The University of Quebec in Montreal,http://emma.hypotheses.org/銆?br /> 銆€銆€瑗跨彮鐗欑撼鐡︽媺澶у鏂囧寲涓庣ぞ浼氱爺绌堕櫌“鎯呮劅鏂囧寲涓庤鍚?rdquo;鐮旂┒锛孍motional Culture and Identity,Institute for Culture and Society,University of Navarra(Universidad de Navarra),http://www.unav.edu/web/instituto-cultura-y-sociedad/cultura-emocional-e-identidad銆?br /> 銆€銆€瑗跨彮鐗欑瀛︾爺绌堕珮绾х爺绌堕櫌浜虹被鍜岀ぞ浼氱瀛︾爺绌朵腑蹇?ldquo;鍘嗗彶涓庣粡楠屽摬瀛︾爺绌?rdquo;锛孒ist-Ex(History and Philosophy of Experience),Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales del CSIC(Higher Council for Scientific Research),http://hist-ex.com/en/銆?br /> 銆€銆€鑻卞浗浼︽暒澶у鐜涗附濂崇帇瀛﹂櫌鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌朵腑蹇冿紝Queen Mary Centre for the History of the Emotions,University of London,https://projects.history.qmul.ac.uk/emotions/銆?br /> 銆€銆€[鍗氬]鎯呮劅鍙诧紝Blog:History of Emotions,https://emotionsblog.history.qmul.ac.uk/銆? 銆€銆€娉ㄩ噴锛?br /> 銆€銆€鈶犺瘧鑰呮敞锛氬湪璁烘枃缈昏瘧杩囩▼涓紝浣滆€呮煡鐞嗘柉·榻愬崱鏁欐巿瀵规垜浠繘琛屼簡鑰愬績鐨勬寚瀵煎拰甯姪銆傚湪鍥藉唴瀛︾晫锛屾儏鎰熷彶浠嶅睘涓€闂ㄦ柊鍏寸殑鍘嗗彶瀛︾锛屼笖璇ユ枃娑夊強寰堝鏈夊叧瑗挎柟瀹楁暀鍙层€佹枃鍖栧彶銆佺ぞ浼氬鍜屽績鐞嗗绛夋柟闈㈢殑鐭ヨ瘑锛屽洜姝わ紝鎴戜滑鍦ㄧ悊瑙ｅ拰缈昏瘧璁烘枃鐨勮繃绋嬩腑閬囧埌涓€浜涢棶棰樸€傛垜浠€氳繃鐢靛瓙閭欢鍙嶅鍚戞暀鎺堝姹傚府鍔╁拰寰佹眰鎰忚銆傛暀鎺堝崄鍒嗛噸瑙嗘垜浠彁鍑虹殑闂锛屾湁闂繀绛斻€佹倝蹇冩寚瀵硷紝鏈€缁堜娇鎴戜滑杈冧负鍑嗙‘鍦扮悊瑙ｅ拰缈昏瘧浜嗚繖绡囪鏂囷紝鍦ㄦ琛ㄧず鎰熻阿銆備负鏂逛究鍥藉唴璇昏€呴槄璇诲拰鐞嗚В锛屼綔鑰呭拰璇戣€呰ˉ鍏呯殑鍐呭鍧囬噰鐢?ldquo;璇戣€呮敞”鐨勫舰寮忓姞浠ヨ鏄庛€?br /> 銆€銆€鈶icole Eustace et al.,"AHR Conversation:The Historical Study of Emotions," The American Historical Review,Vol.117,No.5,Dec.2012,p.1487; Jan Plamper,The History of Emotions:An Introduction,Keith Tribe trans.,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2015,p.63. 銆€銆€鈶an Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,pp.237-265;"Forum:History of Emotions," German History,Vol.28,No.1,March 2010,pp.67-80; Nicole Eustace et al.,"AHR Conversation:The Historical Study of Emotions," The American Historical Review,Vol.117,No.5,Dec.2012,pp.1487-1531. 銆€銆€鈶ｅ浗闄呭巻鍙茬瀛﹀ぇ浼氭瘡5骞翠妇鍔炰竴灞娿€傜22灞婂浗闄呭巻鍙茬瀛﹀ぇ浼?ldquo;鍘嗗彶鍖栫殑鎯呮劅”涓婚浼氳鍏卞垎涓哄洓鍦猴紝鍒嗗埆涓?ldquo;鎯呮劅銆佽祫鏈富涔変笌甯傚満”“鎯呮劅涓?lsquo;浠栬€?rsquo;鐨勫閫?rdquo;“韬綋鍜岀┖闂翠腑鐨勬儏鎰?rdquo;浠ュ強“鍘嗗彶鍖栫殑鎯呮劅锛氱悊璁哄拰鏂规硶璁?rdquo;銆備綔鑰呮煡鐞嗘柉·榻愬崱鏁欐巿姝ｆ槸绗簩鍦哄拰绗洓鍦轰富棰樹細璁殑璇勮浜恒€傝棰樼敱寰峰浗鏌忔灄椹厠鏂?middot;鏅湕鍏嬩汉绫诲彂灞曠爺绌舵墍鎯呮劅鍙茬爺绌朵腑蹇冨拰婢冲ぇ鍒╀簹鐮旂┒闄㈡儏鎰熷彶楂樼骇鐮旂┒涓績璐熻矗鍙泦銆?br /> 銆€銆€鈶よ瘧鑰呮敞锛?ldquo;鏅亶涓讳箟”鍜?ldquo;绀句細寤烘瀯涓讳箟”鏄浗闄呭鐣屾湁鍏虫儏鎰熷彶鐮旂┒鐨勪袱澶ф祦娲俱€傚墠鑰呬富寮犳儏鎰熷叿鏈夋櫘閬嶆€т笖鍙互瓒呰秺鏃堕棿鍜岀┖闂达紝鑰屽悗鑰呭垯璁や负鎯呮劅鏄椂浠ｆ枃鍖栫殑浜х墿銆?br /> 銆€銆€鈶homas Dixon,From Passions to Emotions:The Creation of a Secular Psychological Category,New York:Cambridge University Press,2003. 銆€銆€鈶an Plamper,The History of Emotions:An Introduction,Keith Tribe trans.,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2015,pp.43-49. 銆€銆€鈶ucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,p.25. 銆€銆€鈶↙ucien Febvre,"La sensibilité et l'histoire:Comment reconstituer la vie affective d' autrefois?" Annales d'histoire sociale,Vol.3,No.(1/2),1941,pp.5-20; Lucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,p.24. 銆€銆€鈶㎜ucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,p.25. 銆€銆€(11)Lucien Febvre,"Histoire et psychologie," in Eucyclopédie ,Vol.8,No.8,1938,pp.8-12; Lucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,pp.1-11. 銆€銆€(12)Johan Huizinga,Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen:studie over levens-en gedachtenvormen der veertiende en vijftiende eeuw in Frankrijk en de Nederlanden,Haarlem:Tjeenk Willink,1919; Johan Huizinga,The Waning of the Middle Ages:A Study of the Forms of Life,Thought and Art in France and the Netherlands in the XIVth and XVth Centuries,London:Edward Arnold & Co.,1924; Johan Huizinga,The Autumn of the Middle Ages,Rodney Payton and Ulrich Mammitzsch trans.,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1996. 銆€銆€(13)Lucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,pp.7-8,17-19. 銆€銆€(14)Lucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,p.18. 銆€銆€(15)Lucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,p.14. 銆€銆€(16)Norbert Elias,The Civilizing Process,Edmund Jephcott trans.,New York:Urizen Books,1978; Norbert Elias,State Formation and Civilization,Edmund Jephcott trans.,Oxford:Blackwell,1982; Norbert Elias,The Civilizing Process:Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations,Eric Dunning ed.,Edmund Jephcott trans.,Malden:Blackwell Publishing,2010. 銆€銆€(17)璇戣€呮敞銆?br /> 銆€銆€(18)Hans Peter Duerr,Nacktheit und Scham:Der Mythos vom Zivilisatiansprozess,Vol.1,Frankfurt:Suhrkamp,1988. 銆€銆€(19)Barbara Rosenwein,"Worrying about Emotions in History," The American Historical Review,Vol.107,No.3,June 2002,pp.826-828,834-845. 銆€銆€(20)Edward Shorter,The Making of the Modern Family,New York:Basic Books,1975; Lawrence Stone,The Family,Sex and Marriage in England,1500-1800,London:Weidenfeld & Nicolson,1977. 銆€銆€(21)Barbara Hanawalt,"Childrearing among the Lower Classes of Late Medieval England," Journal of Interdisciplinary History,Vol.8,No.1,Summer 1977,pp.1-22; Barbara Hanawalt,Growing Up in Medieval London:The Experience of Childhood in History,New York:Oxford University Press,1993; Barbara Hanawalt,"Medievalists and the Study of Childhood," Speculum,Vol.77,No.2,April 2002,pp.440-460; Richard Trexler,"In Search of Father:The Experience of Abandonment in the Recollections of Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli," History of Childhood Quarterly,Vol.3,No.2,1975,pp.225-252. 銆€銆€(22)Erik Erikson,Young Man Luther:A Study in Psychoanalysis and History,London:Faber,1958; Arthur Mitzman,The Iron Cage:An Historical Interpretation of Max Weber,New York:Knopf,1970. 銆€銆€(23)Lloyd de Mause ed.,The History of Childhood,New York:Harper & Row,1974. 銆€銆€(24)璇戣€呮敞锛氫綔鑰呮澶勪富瑕佽В閲?ldquo;濂冲帆”鎬у够鎯崇殑鐢辨潵銆?ldquo;濂冲帆”鍦ㄩ伃鍙楀鍒ゆ椂锛屽父浠ヤ负鏁欏＋瀵硅嚜宸辩殑鎸囨帶鏄湡瀹炵殑锛屼簬鏄‘淇¤嚜宸卞悓榄旈鏈夋潵寰€銆佽繃鐫€涓嶉亾寰风殑鐢熸椿銆傝繖浜涘够鎯冲悓“濂冲帆”鎷ユ湁鐨勫鏉傛儏鎰?濡傛啂鎭ㄣ€佸珘濡掋€佺棝鑻︾瓑)鍜屼釜浜虹粡鍘嗘湁鍏筹紝鍙嶆槧鍑哄湪鐢锋€ц瘽璇潈涓?ldquo;濂冲帆”瀵规儏鎰熶笌鏂囧寲鐨勭悊瑙ｇ▼搴︺€?br /> 銆€銆€(25)Lyndal Roper,Oedipus and the Devil:Witchcraft,Sexuality and Religion in Early Modern Europe,London:Routledge,1994,pp.19-20. 銆€銆€(26)Peter Gay,The Bourgeois Experience:Victoria to Freud,New York:Oxford University Press,1984-1989. 銆€銆€(27)Jean Delumeau,La peur en Occident(XIVe-XVIIIe siècles):une cité assiégée,Paris:Fayard,1978. 銆€銆€(28)Jean Delumeau,Le péché et la peur:la culpabilisation en Occident,XIIIe-XVIIIe siècles,Paris:Fayard,1983; Jean Delumeau,Sin and Fear:The Emergence of a Western Guilt Culture,13th-18th Centuries,Eric Nicholson trans.,New York:St.Martin's Press,1990. 銆€銆€(29)璇戣€呮敞锛氫綔鑰呰繘涓€姝ユ寚鍑猴紝浜轰滑鎷呭績鑷繁浼氳涓栫晫(鐖辨儏鍜屾€ф鏈?璇辨儜鍜屾薄鏌擄紝鍥犳锛岃繖浜涚埍鎯呭拰鎬ф鏈涘父琚瓑鍚屼簬鎭堕瓟鑰岃浜轰滑鍥為伩鍜岃攽瑙嗐€?br /> 銆€銆€(30)璇戣€呮敞銆?br /> 銆€銆€(31)Jan Plamper,The History of Emotions:An Introduction,Keith Tribe trans.,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2015,p.52. 銆€銆€(32)璇戣€呮敞锛氫綔鑰呰繘涓€姝ユ寚鍑猴紝浜虹被鍙互閫氳繃闆嗕綋娲诲姩鍏嬫湇鎭愭儳鎯呮劅锛屾瘮濡傜绁枫€侀灜鎵撱€佸繌鎮斻€佺儳鐝犲疂绛夈€?br /> 銆€銆€(33)Peter Stearns and Carol Stearns,"Emotionology:Clarifying the History of Emotions and Emotional Standards," The American Historical Review,Vol.90,No.4,Oct.1985. 銆€銆€(34)Peter Stearns and Carol Stearns,"Emotionology:Clarifying the History of Emotions and Emotional Standards," The American Historical Review,Vol.90,No.4,Oct.1985,p.815. 銆€銆€(35)Peter Stearns and Carol Stearns,"Emotionology:Clarifying the History of Emotions and Emotional Standards," The American Historical Review,Vol.90,No.4,Oct.1985,p.816. 銆€銆€(36)Peter Stearns and Carol Stearns,"Emotionology:Clarifying the History of Emotions and Emotional Standards," The American Historical Review,Vol.90,No.4,Oct.1985,p.813. 銆€銆€(37)璇戣€呮敞锛氫綔鑰呰繘涓€姝ユ寚鍑猴紝濡傛灉浠呬粠瀛楅潰涓婄悊瑙?ldquo;鎯呮劅瀛?rdquo;锛屾瀬鏄撳皢鍏剁瓑鍚屼簬“鎯呮劅鐨勭爺绌?rdquo;锛屽疄鍒欎笉鐒躲€?ldquo;鎯呮劅瀛?rdquo;鏄寚“鏈夊叧鎯呮劅瑙勮寖鐨勭爺绌?rdquo;锛屼富瑕佺爺绌?ldquo;鎯呮劅瑙勮寖”鐨勫舰鎴愪笌鍙樺寲浠ュ強鍦ㄧぞ浼氱敓娲讳腑“鎯呮劅瑙勮寖”琚汉浠悊瑙ｃ€佹帴鍙椼€佺鐞嗗拰鎷掔粷鐨勮繃绋嬶紝鑰岄潪浜轰滑瀹為檯鐨勬儏鎰熻涓哄拰鎯呮劅瀹炶返銆?br /> 銆€銆€(38)Carol Stearns and Peter Stearns,Anger:The Struggle for Emotional Control in America's History,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1986. 銆€銆€(39)Peter Stearns,Jealousy:The Evolution of an Emotion in American History,New York:New York University Press,1989. 銆€銆€(40)Peter Stearns,American Cool:Constructing a Twentieth-Century Emotional Style,New York:New York University Press,1994; Peter Stearns,Battleground of Desire:The Struggle for Self-Control in Modern America,New York:New York University Press,1999. 銆€銆€(41)Barbara Rosenwein,"Worrying about Emotions in History," The American Historical Review,Vol.107,No.3,June 2002,pp.824-826. 銆€銆€(42)璇戣€呮敞锛氫綔鑰呰繘涓€姝ユ寚鍑猴紝鏂壒鎭╂柉鍦ㄧ爺绌剁ぞ浼氱殑“鎯呮劅鏍囧噯”鏃讹紝閫夊彇“澶т紬闃跺眰”浣滀负鐮旂┒瀵硅薄锛岃涓轰腑浜ч樁绾у彲浠ラ€氳繃闃呰涔︾睄鐞嗚В鍜屽涔犳湁鍏虫儏鎰熻〃杈剧殑鏂瑰紡鍜屽噯鍒欍€傜劧鑰岋紝鍦ㄥ墠鐜颁唬绀句細锛屾皯浼楄瘑瀛楃巼杈冧綆锛岃繖绫讳功绫嶅彧鑳藉湪璐垫棌绮捐嫳闃跺眰闂存祦閫氾紝浜х敓鐨勫奖鍝嶅崄鍒嗘湁闄愩€?br /> 銆€銆€(43)Jan Plamper,The History of Emotions:An Introduction,Keith Tribe trans.,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2015,pp.60-62. 銆€銆€(44)璇戣€呮敞锛?ldquo;e-motion”鎸?ldquo;9·11”浜嬩欢鍚庝汉浠€熷姪鐢靛瓙閫氫俊鏂瑰紡浜ゆ祦鍜岃〃杈炬儏鎰熺殑鏂瑰紡銆?br /> 銆€銆€(45)璇戣€呮敞銆?br /> 銆€銆€(46)Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,pp.237-241. 銆€銆€(47)William Reddy,The Navigation of Feeling:A Framework for the History of Emotions,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001. 銆€銆€(48)Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,p.238. 銆€銆€(49)璇戣€呮敞銆?br /> 銆€銆€(50)Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,p.240; William Reddy,"Against Constructionism:The Historical Ethnography of Emotions," Current Anthropology,Vol.38,No.3,June 1997,pp.330-335. 銆€銆€(51)璇戣€呮敞锛氭崲瑷€涔嬶紝鎯呮劅鏄鐭ユ椿鍔紝鏈夌潃鐩稿悓鐨勭洰鏍囧苟涓旀槸鏃犳剰璇嗙殑銆係ee William Reddy,The Navigation of Feeling:A Framework for the History of Emotions,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001,p.94. 銆€銆€(52)William Reddy,"Saying Something New:Practice Theory and Cognitive Neuroscience," Arcadia,Vol.44,No.1,August 2009,pp.22-23. 銆€銆€(53)璇戣€呮敞锛氫綔鑰呰繘涓€姝ユ寚鍑猴紝杩欓噷鐨?ldquo;棰嗗煙”(domains)绛変簬“鑼冨洿”(areas)锛屼富瑕佹寚“鍔姏”鍦ㄤ汉绫荤敓娲汇€佹椿鍔ㄣ€佽涓虹瓑鏂归潰鍙戞尌浜嗛噸瑕佺殑浣滅敤銆?br /> 銆€銆€(54)William Reddy,The Navigation of Feeling:A Framework for the History of Emotions,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001,pp.122-124. 銆€銆€(55)Barbara Rosenwein,Rhinoceros Bound:Cluny in the Tenth Century,Philadelphi:University of Pennsylvania Press,1982; Barbara Rosenwein,To Be the Neighbor of Saint Peter:The Social Meaning of Cluny's Property,909-1049,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1989. 銆€銆€(56)Barbara Rosenwein,Anger's Past:The Social Uses of an Emotion in the Middle Ages,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1998. 銆€銆€(57)璇戣€呮敞锛氫綔鑰呰繘涓€姝ユ寚鍑猴紝“杞姌鐐?rdquo;鍗?ldquo;鍙樺寲”(changes)銆?br /> 銆€銆€(58)Barbara Rosenwein,Anger's Past:The Social Uses of an Emotion in the Middle Ages,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1998,pp.237-243. 銆€銆€(59)Barbara Rosenwein,"Worrying about Emotions in History," The American Historical Review,Vol.107,No.3,June 2002,pp.821-845; Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,pp.250-252. 銆€銆€(60)璇戣€呮敞銆?br /> 銆€銆€(61)Barbara Rosenwein,"Worrying about Emotions in History," The American Historical Review,Vol.107,No.3,June 2002,pp.834-837. 銆€銆€(62)Barbara Rosenwein,"Worrying about Emotions in History," The American Historical Review,Vol.107,No.3,June 2002,p.842; Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,pp.252-253. 銆€銆€(63)Barbara Rosenwein,Emotional Communities in the Early Middle Ages,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,2006,p.24. 銆€銆€(64)Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,pp.255-259; Barbara Rosenwein,"Problems and Methods in the History of Emotions," Passions in Context:International Journal for the History and Theory of Emotions 1,No.1,2010,pp.19-24,online at http://www.passionsincontext.de/. 銆€銆€(65)Barbara Rosenwcin,"Theories of Change in the History of Emotions," in Jonas Liliequist ed.,A History of Emotions,1200-1800,London:Picketing & Chatto,2012,pp.18-20. 銆€銆€(66)Pascal Eitler and Monique Scheer,"Emotionengeschichte als Krpergeschichte:Eine heuristische Perspektive auf religise Konversionen im 19.und 20.Jahrhundert," Geschichte und Gesellschaft,Vol.35,No.2,2009,pp.290-293. 銆€銆€(67)Monique Scheer,"Are Emotions a Kind of Practice(and Is That What Makes Them Have a History)? A Bourdieuan Approach to Understanding Emotion," History and Theory,Vol.51,No.2,May 2012,pp.193-220. 銆€銆€(68)Monique Scheer,"Are Emotions a Kind of Practice(and Is That What Makes Them Have a History)? A Bourdieuan Approach to Understanding Emotion," History and Theory,Vol.51,No.2,May 2012,pp.209-220. 銆€銆€(69)Benno Gammerl,"Emotional Styles:Concepts and Challenges," Rethinking History,Vol.16,No.2,May 2012,pp.161-175; Mark Seymour,"Emotional Arenas:From Provincial Circus to National Courtroom in Late Nineteenth-Century Italy," Rethinking History,Vol.16,No.2,May 2012,pp.177-197. 銆€銆€(70)Ute Frevert et al.,Emotional Lexicons:Continuity and Change in the Vocabulary of Feeling,1700-2000,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2014. 銆€銆€(71)Susan Broomhall ed.,Early Modern Emotions:An Introduction,London:Routledge,2017. 銆€銆€(72)Barbara Rosenwein,Generations of Feeling:A History of Emotions,600-1700,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2016. 銆€銆€(73)Piroska Nagy and Damien Boquet,ed.,Le sujet desémotions au moyen ,Paris:Beauchesne,2008; Piroska Nagy and Damien Boquet,ed.,Sensible Moyen :Une histoire des émotions dans l'Occident medieval,Paris:Seuil,2015. 銆€銆€(74)Susan Karant-Nunn,The Reformation of Feeling:Shaping the Religions Emotions in Early Modern Germany,New York:Oxford University Press,2009. 銆€銆€(75)Ute Frevert,Emotions in History:Lost and Found,Budapest:Central European University Press,2011. 銆€銆€(76)William Reddy,"Historical Research on the Self and Emotions," Emotion Review,Vol.1,No.4,Oct.2009,pp.302-315. 銆€銆€(77)Susan Broomhall and Sarah Finn ed.,Violence and Emotions in Early Modern Europe,London:Routledge,2016; Michael Champion and Andrew Lynch ed.,Understanding Emotions in Early Europe,Turnhout:Brepols,2015; David Lemmings and Ann Brooks ed.,Emotions and Social Change:Historical and Sociological Perspectives,New York:Routledge,2014; Jonas Liliequist,ed.,A History of Emotions,1200-1800,London:Picketing & Chatto,2012; Susan Matt and Peter Stearns ed.,Doing Emotions History,Urbana:University of Illinois Press,2014; Jennifer Spinks and Charles Zika ed.,Disaster,Death and the Emotions in the Shadow of the Apocalypse,1400-1700,Abingdon:Palgrave Macmillan,2016. 銆€銆€(78)William Reddy,The Making of Romantic Love:Longing and Sexuality in Europe,South Asia,and Japan,900-1200,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2012; Susan Matt,Keeping up with the Joneses:Envy in American Consumer Society,1890-1930,Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,2003; Joanna.Bourke,Fear:A Cultural History,London:Virago,2007; Michael Laffan and Weiss ed.,Facing Fear:the History of an Emotion in Global Perspective,Princeton:Princeton University Press,2012. 锛堝師鏂囧垔浜庛€婄ぞ浼氱瀛︽垬绾裤€?017骞寸10鏈燂級 (责任编辑：admin) |