(17)From Buckle,From General Introduction,History of Civilizatinn in England in Stern,121-137. (18)E.g.Friedrich Engels,“Socialism:Utopian and Scientific” in Robert C.Tucker,ed.,The Marx-Engles Reader,2nd(New York,1978),683-724. (19)Ranke,“The Great Powers” in Georg G.Iggers and Konrad Von Moltke,eds.,Leopold yon Ranke,The Theory and Practice of History(Indianapolis,1973),100. (20)Iggers,“Intellectual Foundations,” for Ranke see also above,n.9,for Droysen also Robert Southard,Droysen and the Prussian School of History(Lexington,KY,1995)。 (21)Margaret Mehl,History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japani(New York,1998)。 (22)Roger Chickering,Karl Lamprecht:A German Academic Life 1856-1915(Arlantic Highlands,1993)。 (23)Peter Schumann,Die deutschen Historikertage von 1893 bis 1937,Univ.Marburg dissertation,1974. (24)Ernst Breisach,American Progressive History:An Experiment in Modernization(Chicago,1993)。 (25)Bruce Lyon,Henri Pirenne:A Biographical and Intellectual Study(Ghent,1974)。 (26)Rosznike Dziejow Spolecznych(Annals of Social and Economic History)。 (27)Peter Burke,The French Historical Revolution:The Annales School 1929-1989(Cambridge,1990)。 (28)E.g.Carl Hempel,Aspects of Scientific Explanation and other Essays in the Philosophy of Science(New York,1965)。 (29)Barraclough,Main Trends in Hishtory(New York,1979),89. (30)On slavery in a quantitative mode,see Robert Fogel and Stanley Engerman,Tiem on the Cross:The Economics of American Negro Slavery(Boston,1974)。 (31)Michel Vovelle,Piete baroque et dechristianisation(Paris,1973);Pierre Chaunu et al.,eds.La Mort a Paris(Paris,1978)。虽然与兰克学派及马克思主义学派不同,年鉴学派不认为当代西方历史是一个通向完成状态的进步过程,然而这一时期社会史的所有主要形式依然都是西方式的,而非全球的。 (32)Walter W.Rostow,Stages of Economic Growth:A Non-Marxist Manifesto(Cambridge,1960)。 (33)Thompson,The Making of the English Working Class(New York,1963)。本书的中心不再着眼于对国家进行经济批评,而是新史学要面对的更广阔形式。按照马克思主义的理解,压迫是政治与经济统治的结果,这一看法如今已经被福柯式的概念所取代,即以更广泛的文化和人际关系话语看待压迫。许多这类历史学抛弃了学术客观性观念,把史学自身看作是反抗剥削斗争的积极力量,妇女史中尤其如此。正如妇女史的主要理论家和倡导者之一的琼·斯科特所写,妇女史追求纯洁的政治使命,即结束女性的“无名、无权和屈从”状态,创造出一种女性的历史(her-story),女性是其中活跃的主体。 (34)罗兰·巴特,法国哲学家。 (35)Foucault,The Essential Foucault(New York,2003)。 (36)Derrida,On Grammatology(Baltimore,1976)。 (37)Stone,“The Revival of Narrative:Reflections on a New Old History”,Past and Present85(November 1979),3-24. (38)Scott,“Women's History”。in Peter Burke,New Perspectives on Historical Writing(Cambridge,1991),45. (39)Victoria E.Burnell and Lynn Hunt,eds.,Beyond the Cultural Turn:New Directions in the Study of Society and Culture(Berkeley,1999)1; Gabrielle M.Spiegel,ed.,Practicing History:New Directions in Historical Writing after the Linguistic Turn(New York,2005)。 (40)Ashis Nandy,“History's Forgotten Doubles,” History and Theory,34:2(1995),44-46. (责任编辑:admin)
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