《贝西斯敦铭文》新译(下）(20031218)
http://www.newdu.com 2024/11/24 02:11:28 小隐在线 Amenhotp 参加讨论
 (43) Thus said Darius, the King: Then did I crucify that Vahyazdata and the men who were his chief followers in a city in Persia called Uvadaicaya. 大流士王制曰：寡人随后将彼瓦希亚兹达塔及从者之诸谋主钉死于波斯城邑乌瓦黛查亚。 (44) Thus said Darius, the King: This is what was done by me in Persia. 大流士王制曰：此即寡人之施于波斯者。 Fighting in Arachosia 阿拉霍西亚之战 (45) Thus said Darius, the King: That Vahyazdata, who called himself Smerdis, sent men to Arachosia against a Persian named Vivana, my servant, the satrap of Arachosia. He appointed a certain man to be their leader, and thus he spoke to him, saying: 'Go, smite Vivana and the host which acknowledges king Darius!' Then that army that Vahyazdata had sent marched against Vivana to give him battle. At a fortress called Kapisha-kanish they fought the battle. Ahuramazda brought me help; by the grace of Ahuramazda my army utterly overthrew that rebel host. On the thirteenth day of the month Anamaka [December 29, 522] was the battle fought by them. 大流士王制曰：彼伪称司美尔迪斯之瓦希亚兹达塔曾遣一人往阿拉霍西亚，击寡人之小臣，阿拉霍西亚总督波斯人维瓦纳。彼以一人为将，告以：“行矣！击灭彼尊从大流士王命之众！” 瓦希亚兹达塔之军遂往征维瓦纳，与战于卡皮沙-卡尼什堡。阿胡拉马兹达赐寡人援助，赖阿胡拉马兹达之恩宠，寡人之师破瓦希亚兹达塔之众。阿纳马卡月13日(BC522年12月29日)王师破叛众于卡皮沙-卡尼什堡。 (46) Thus said Darius, the King: The rebels assembled a second time and went out against Vivana to give him battle. At a place called Gandutava they fought a battle. Ahuramazda brought me help; by the grace of Ahuramazda my army utterly overthrew that rebel host. On the seventh day of the month Viyakhna [February 21, 521] the battle was fought by them. 大流士王制曰：贼众复聚，再邀战于维瓦纳。王师与战于甘杜塔瓦之野。阿胡拉马兹达赐寡人援助，赖阿胡拉马兹达之恩宠，寡人之师克贼众。维维亚赫纳月7日(BC521年2月21日)，王师克瓦希亚兹达塔之叛军于甘杜塔瓦之野。 (47) Thus said Darius, the King: The man who was commander of that army that Vahyazdata had sent forth against Vivana fled thence with a few horsemen. They went to a fortress in Arachosia called Arshada. Then Vivana with the army marched after them on foot. There he seized him, and he slew the men who were his chief followers. 大流士王制曰：彼瓦希亚兹达塔所遣进击维瓦纳叛军之首随即引骑者数名奔入阿拉霍西亚之阿尔沙达堡。维瓦纳亲率大军蹑其踪而追至，遂获此贼，并诛其协从之谋主。 (48) Thus said Darius, the King: Then was the province mine. This is what was done by me in Arachosia. 大流士王制曰：然后此行省复归寡人。此即寡人之施于阿拉霍西亚者。 Second Babylonian revolt 巴比伦二次暴乱 (49) Thus said Darius, the King: While I was in Persia and in Media, the Babylonians revolted from me a second time. A certain man named Arakha, an Armenian, son of Haldita, rebelled in Babylon. At a place called Dubala, he lied unto the people, saying: 'I am Nebuchadnezzar, the son of Nabonidus.' Then did the Babylonian people revolt from me and they went over to that Arakha. He seized Babylon, he became king in Babylon. 大流士王制曰：方寡人滞于波斯、米底，巴比伦人再度叛离寡人。有一亚美尼亚人，乃哈尔迪塔之子，名曰阿尔哈作乱于巴比伦。彼惑乱其民于杜巴拉之地，欺民曰：“吾乃尼布甲尼撒，纳波尼德之子。”巴比伦之民叛寡人附于彼阿拉哈。彼既窃据巴比伦，乃僭号称巴比伦王。 (50) Thus said Darius, the King: Then did I send an army unto Babylon. A Persian named Intaphrenes, my servant, I appointed as their leader, and thus I spoke unto them: 'Go, smite that Babylonian host which does not acknowledge me.' Then Intaphrenes marched with the army unto Babylon. Ahuramazda brought me help; by the grace of Ahuramazda Intaphrenes overthrew the Babylonians and brought over the people unto me. Of the twenty-second day of the month Markazanash [November 27] they seized that Arakha who called himself Nebuchadnezzar, and the men who were his chief followers. Then I made a decree, saying: 'Let that Arakha and the men who were his chief followers be crucified in Babylon!' 大流士王制曰：寡人乃遣师往平巴比伦。寡人以寡人之小臣波斯人印达弗莱涅斯为将，寡人诏曰：“行矣！击灭彼不从王命之巴比伦军！” 印达弗莱涅斯引军直进巴比伦。阿胡拉马兹达赐寡人援助，赖阿胡拉马兹达之恩宠，印达弗莱涅斯败巴比伦众，献于寡人陛前。维马尔卡扎纳什月22日(BC521年11月27日)，印达弗莱涅斯获彼伪称尼布甲尼撒之阿拉哈及其从者之诸渠帅。寡人作诰曰“钉彼阿拉哈及其从者之诸谋主于巴比伦之十字架上！” Part four 第四部分 (51) Thus said Darius, the King: This is what was done by me in Babylon. 大流士王制曰：此即寡人之施于巴比伦者。 Summary and conclusion 概要与总结 (52) Thus said Darius, the King: This is what I have done. By the grace of Ahuramazda have I always acted. After I became king, I fought nineteen battles in a single year and by the grace of Ahuramazda I overthrew nine kings and I made them captive. 大流士王制曰：此即寡人之作为。赖阿胡拉马兹达之恩宠，寡人始终行如此之事。寡人践祚后，一年凡19战，赖阿胡拉马兹达之恩宠，寡人克僭王九，尽擒之。 One was named Gaumata, the Magian; he lied, saying 'I am Smerdis, the son of Cyrus.' He made Persia to revolt. 其一名曰穆护高墨达，彼作妖言曰：“吾乃司美尔迪斯，居鲁士之子。”波斯因彼而叛。 Another was named Assina, the Elamite; he lied, saying: 'I am king the king of Elam.' He made Elam to revolt. 次者名曰埃兰人阿辛纳，彼作妖言曰：“吾乃埃兰之王。”埃兰因彼而叛。 Another was named Nidintu-Bel, the Babylonian; he lied, saying: 'I am Nebuchadnezzar, the son of Nabonidus.' He made Babylon to revolt. 次者名曰巴比伦人尼丁图-贝尔，彼作妖言曰：“吾乃尼布甲尼撒，纳波尼德之子。”巴比伦因彼而叛。 Another was named Martiya, the Persian; he lied, saying: 'I am Ummannish, the king of Elam.' He made Elam to revolt. 次者名曰波斯人马尔提亚，彼作妖言曰：“吾乃乌玛尼什，埃兰之王。”埃兰因彼而叛。 Another was Phraortes, the Mede; he lied, saying: 'I am Khshathrita, of the race of Cyaxares.' He made Media to revolt. 次者名曰米底人弗拉欧尔铁斯，彼作妖言曰：“吾乃赫沙什里塔，库阿克撒列斯之族属。”米底因彼而叛。 Another was Tritantaechmes, the Sagartian; he lied, saying: 'I am king in Sagartia, of the race of Cyaxares.' He made Sagartia to revolt. 次者名曰撒迦尔提亚人特里坦塔伊赫米斯，彼作妖言曰：“吾乃撒迦尔提亚之王，库阿克撒列斯之族属。” 撒迦尔提亚因彼而叛。 Another was named Frada, of Margiana; he lied, saying: 'I am king of Margiana.' He made Margiana to revolt. 次者名曰马尔吉安纳人弗拉达，彼作妖言曰：“吾乃马尔吉安纳之王。” 马尔吉安纳因彼而叛。 Another was Vahyazdata, a Persian; he lied, saying: 'I am Smerdis, the son of Cyrus.' He made Persia to revolt. 次者名曰波斯人瓦希亚兹达塔，彼作妖言曰：“吾乃司美尔迪斯，居鲁士之子。”波斯因彼而叛。 Another was Arakha, an Armenian; he lied, saying: 'I am Nebuchadnezzar, the son of Nabonidus.' He made Babylon to revolt. 次者名曰亚美尼亚人阿拉哈，彼作妖言曰：“吾乃尼布甲尼撒，纳波尼德之子。”巴比伦因彼而叛。 (53) Thus said Darius, the King: These nine king did I capture in these wars. 大流士王制曰：此九僭王，寡人擒之于战阵。 (54) Thus said Darius, the King: As to these provinces which revolted, lies made them revolt, so that they deceived the people. Then Ahuramazda delivered them into my hand; and I did unto them according to my will. 大流士王制曰：叛乱之诸省，以妖言而叛乱，彼僭王者以妖言惑众。阿胡拉马兹达将其置于寡人之手，寡人依心之所愿肆行惩处之。 (55) Thus said Darius, the King: You who shall be king hereafter, protect yourself vigorously from lies; punish the liars well, if thus you shall think, 'May my country be secure!' 大流士王制曰：后之为君者，慎尔远离妖言；为君者欲求国家万世之安，兴妖言者必严惩之！ Affirmation of the truth of the record 断言所记之实 (56) Thus said Darius, the King: This is what I have done, by the grace of Ahuramazda have I always acted. Whosoever shall read this inscription hereafter, let that which I have done be believed. You must not hold it to be lies. 大流士王制曰：此即寡人之作为。赖阿胡拉马兹达之恩宠，寡人始终行如此之事。后人之观此铭者，其信寡人之所为哉！汝必不可以为虚言。 (57) Thus said Darius, the King: I call Ahuramazda to witness that is true and not lies; all of it have I done in a single year. 大流士王制曰：寡人吁于阿胡拉马兹达，祈其证寡人所言为实，寡人所言不虚。如此之业绩寡人毕之期年。 (58) Thus said Darius, the King: By the grace of Ahuramazda I did much more, which is not graven in this inscription. On this account it has not been inscribed lest he who shall read this inscription hereafter should then hold that which has been done by me to be excessive and not believe it and takes it to be lies. 大流士王制曰：赖阿胡拉马兹达之恩宠，寡人之作为而未铭于此石者甚众。寡人隐而不铭者，当使后之观此铭者毋因寡人功业之多而生不信，以虚言目之。 Affirmation that it is pious to make known the record 断言广布此记载乃虔信之事 (59) Thus said Darius, the King: Those who were the former kings, as long as they lived, by them was not done thus as by the favor of Ahuramazda was done by me in one and the same year. 大流士王制曰：赖阿胡拉马兹达之眷，历代先王在位之时，其于一年中所建功业未尝如寡人之多。 (60) Thus said Darius, the King: Now let what has been done by me convince you. For the sake of the people, do not conceal it. If you do not conceal this edict but if you publish it to the world, then may Ahuramazda be your friend, may your family be numerous, and may you live long. 大流士王制曰：汝其坚信寡人之所为哉！毋隐毋匿，生民之惠。无隐无匿，颁之四方，则愿阿胡拉马兹达与汝为友，愿汝族瓜瓞绵绵，愿汝长命百岁。 (61) Thus said Darius, the King: If you conceal this edict and do not publish it to the world, may Ahuramazda slay you and may your house cease. 大流士王制曰：隐之匿之，毋颁四方，则愿阿胡拉马兹达降杀戮于汝，愿汝之家断子绝孙。 (62) Thus said Darius, the King: This is what I have done; by the grace of Ahuramazda have I always acted. Ahuramazda brought me help, and the other gods, all that there are. 大流士王制曰：此即寡人之作为。赖阿胡拉马兹达之恩宠，寡人始终行如此之事。阿胡拉马兹达赐寡人援助，诸神亦赐予寡人援助。 The importance of righteousness 行正义之重要 (63) Thus said Darius, the King: On this account Ahuramazda brought me help, and all the other gods, all that there are, because I was not wicked, nor was I a liar, nor was I a tyrant, neither I nor any of my family. I have ruled according to righteousness. Neither to the weak nor to the powerful did I do wrong. Whosoever helped my house, him I favored; he who was hostile, him I destroyed. 大流士王制曰：寡人非邪恶之徒，寡人非欺诈之徒，寡人非暴虐之君，寡人及寡人之族无若是者，为此之故，阿胡拉马兹达赐予寡人援助，诸神亦赐予寡人援助。寡人之治，强弱不欺，依于正道。凡助我族人者，寡人必优宠之；凡心怀敌意者，寡人必诛灭之。 (64) Thus said Darius, the King: You, who may be king hereafter, whosoever shall be a liar or a rebel, or shall not be friendly, him do you destroy! 大流士王制曰：后之为王者！凡谎言欺诈者、作乱犯上者或竟不友于王者，王其必诛灭之！ Blessings and curses 祝福与诅咒 (65) Thus said Darius, the King: You, who shall hereafter see this tablet, which I have written, or these sculptures, do not destroy them, but preserve them so long as you live! 大流士王制曰：日后观寡人所书之碑碣或此雕像者，其毋损毁之，其竭力护卫之！ (66) Thus said Darius, the King: If you shall behold this inscription or these sculptures, and shall not destroy them, but shall preserve them as long as your line endures, then may Ahuramazda be your friend, and may your family be numerous. Live long, and may Ahuramazda make fortunate whatsoever you do. 大流士王制曰：若汝观此碑碣雕像，无损毁之，竭汝族之力护卫之，则愿阿胡拉马兹达与汝为友，愿汝族瓜瓞绵绵。愿汝长命百岁，愿阿胡拉马兹达赐福于汝所欲行之事。 (67) Thus said Darius, the King: If you shall behold this inscription or these sculptures, and shall destroy them and shall not preserve them so long as your line endures, may Ahuramazda slay you, may your family come to nought, and may Ahuramazda destroy whatever you do! 大流士王制曰：若汝观此碑碣雕像，损毁之，无竭汝族之力护卫之，则愿阿胡拉马兹达降杀戮于汝，愿汝族断子绝孙，愿阿胡拉马兹达破灭汝所欲行之事。 Names of Darius' supporters 大流士之党名单 (68) Thus said Darius, the King: These are the men who were with me when I slew Gaumata the Magian, who said ‘I am Smerdis’; then these men helped me as my followers: Intaphrenes, son of Vayaspara, a Persian; Otanes, son of Thukhra, a Persian; Gobryas, son of Mardonius, a Persian; Hydarnes, son of Bagabigna, a Persian; Megabyzus, son of Datuvahya, a Persian; Ardumanish, son of Vakauka, a Persian. 大流士王制曰：下列诸人，当寡人诛除自称司美尔迪斯之穆护高墨达之时，襄助寡人，为寡人之追随者： 瓦亚斯帕拉之子印达弗莱涅斯，波斯人也。 图哈拉之子欧塔涅斯，波斯人也。 玛尔多纽斯之子戈布里亚斯，波斯人也。 巴加比格纳之子叙达尔涅斯，波斯人也。 达图瓦希亚之子美伽比佐斯，波斯人也。 瓦卡乌卡之子阿尔杜马尼什，波斯人也。 (69) Thus said Darius, the King: You who may be king hereafter, protect the family of these men. 大流士王制曰：后之为王者，其优宠上述诸人之族哉！ (70) Thus said Darius, the King: By the grace of Ahuramazda this is the inscription which I have made. Besides, it was in Aryan script, and it was composed on clay tablets and on parchment. Besides, a sculptured figure of myself I made. Besides, I made my lineage. And it was inscribed and was read off before me. Afterwards this inscription I sent off everywhere among the provinces. The people unitedly worked upon it. 大流士王制曰：赖阿胡拉马兹达之恩宠，此乃寡人所立之铭。此外尚有一雅立安文手卷，书于泥版与羊皮纸之上。寡人尚造有寡人之雕像一，寡人之系谱一。此系谱书毕复颂读于寡人御前。此后寡人诏命颁行此铭文于诸行省各地。国人全体照此遵行。 (责任编辑：admin) |
- 上一篇：世界史学科的发展方向(20040314)
- 下一篇：柏拉图世界