论近代早期苏格兰议会改革(4)
http://www.newdu.com 2024/11/24 07:11:11 《史学集刊》 郭军伟 参加讨论
①Alexander Wight,An Inquiry into the Rise and Progress of Parliament in Scotland,Edinburgh,1784; Robert.S.Rait,The Scottish Parliament before the Union of the Crown,London:Blackie & Son,Limited,1901; Charles S.Terry,The Scottish Parliament:Its Constitution and Procedure 1603-1707,Glasgow:James Maclehose and Publishers,1905; J.A.R.Mackinnon,The Constitutional History of Scotland from Early Times to the Reformation,London:Longmans,Green,and Co.,1924. ②R.Rait,The Parliament of Scotland,Glasgow:Maclehose,Jackson and Co.,1924. ③参见郭军伟：《论中世纪苏格兰议会的形成》，《世界历史》，2014年第5期，第131页。 ④O'Brien,The Scottish Parliament in the 15th and 16th Centuries,Ph.D thesis,University of Glasgow,1980; Julian M.Goodare,Parliament and Society in Scotland,1560-1603,2 Vols,Ph D thesis,University of Edinburgh,1989; K M.Brown and R J.Tanner eds.,The History of the Scottish Parliament:Parliament and Politics in Scotland,1235-1560,Vol.1,Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2004; K M.Brown and Alastair J.Mann eds.,The History of the Scottish Parliament,1567-1707,Vol.2,Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2005; K.M.Brown and Alan R MacDonald eds.,The History of the Scottish Parliament,1235-1707,Vol.3,Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2010; Alan R MacDonald,The Burghs and Parliament in Scotland,c.1550-1651,Hampshire:Ashgate Publishing Limited,2007; Gillian H.MacIntosh,The Scottish Parliament under Charles Ⅱ,1660-1685,Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2007; Patrick Little,David L.Smith,Parliaments and Politics during the Cromwellian Protectorate,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007; J.Goodare,State and Society in Early Modern Scotland,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1999; J.Goodare,The Government of Scotland 1560-1625,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004; Julian Goodare and Alasdair A.MacDonald ed.,Sixteenth-century Scotland,Leiden,Boston:Koninklijke Brill NV,2008. ⑤David M.Walker,A Legal History of Scotland:the Sixteenth Century,Vol.3,Edinburgh:T & T Clark Ltd,1995,p.21 ⑥Jenny Wormald ed.,Scotland:A History,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2005,p.98. ⑦玛格丽特·都铎(Margaret Tudor，1489-1541)，著名的苏格兰王后，英格兰国王亨利七世(Henry Ⅶ，1457-1509)的女儿，亨利八世的姐姐。1503年，嫁给苏格兰国王詹姆斯四世。1513年詹姆斯四世去世后，玛格丽特·都铎再婚，嫁与安格斯(Angus)伯爵六世阿奇博德·道格拉斯(Archibald Douglas)。参见G.Donaldson,R.S.Morpeth ed.,A Dictionary of Scottish History,Edinburgh:John Donaldson Publishers Ltd,p.144. ⑧W.C.Dickinson,G.Donaldson,I.A.Milne,A Source Book of Scottish History,1424-1567,Vol.2,Edinburgh:Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.,1953,p.116. ⑨帕特里克·汉密尔顿(Patrick Hamilton)，苏格兰新教的第一位殉道者。在巴黎学习期间，汉密尔顿就对路德的著作产生了浓厚的兴趣。回到苏格兰后，汉密尔顿在圣安德鲁斯大学任教。1526年，他对路德的宗教观予以公开支持，翌年，又亲赴威滕伯格(Wittenberg)拜会路德，而后公然宣布改宗新教。这激起了苏格兰教会的极大愤怒。1528年，汉密尔顿被处以火刑。参见E.A.Livingstone ed,The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church,3[rd] edition,New York:Oxford University Press,1997,p.733. ⑩拉夫战争(Rough Wooing)是16世纪苏格兰与英格兰之间爆发的除1560年利斯(Siege of Leith)战争之外最重要的一场战争。由于这场战争前后持续八年之久，故又称八年战争。战争源于英格兰王子爱德华与苏格兰女王玛丽的婚姻问题。为迫使苏格兰同意英格兰的联姻要求，1543年10月，英格兰国王亨利八世(Henry Ⅷ，r.1509-1547)发动了对苏格兰的入侵。根据老联盟条约，苏格兰得到了法国强有力的军事援助。为了达到目的，亨利八世的继任者爱德华六世(1547-1553)也并未放弃战争。直到1550年3月24日，《布伦条约》(Treaty of Boulogne)签订后，拉夫战争方告结束。参见G.Donaldson,R.S.Morpeth ed.,A Dictionary of Scottish History,p.186. (11)Jenny Wormald ed.,Scotland:A History,p.111. (12)W.C.Dickinson,G.Donaldson,Isabel A.Milne ed.,A Source Book of Scottish History,1424-1567,Vol.2,pp.171-172. (13)参见G.Donaldson,R.S.Morpeth ed.,A Dictionary of Scottish History,p.79. (14)Julian Goodare,"The First Parliament of Mary,Queen of Scots," The Sixteenth Century Journal,Vol.36,No.1,2005,p.56. (15)K.M.Brown and Roland J.Tanner,eds.,The History of the Scottish Parliament:Parliament and Politics in Scotland,1235-1560,Vol.1,Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2004,p.205. (16)J.Bain,W.K.Boyd and A.I.Cameron ed.,Calendar of State Papers of Relating to Scotland and Marry,Queen of Scots,1547-1563,Vol.1,Edinbuigh:H.M.General Register House,1898,p.452. (17)K.M.Brown and Roland J.Tanner,eds.,The History of the Scottish Parliament:Parliament and Politics in Scotland,1235-1560,Vol.1,p.212. (18)R.Rait,The Parliament of Scotland,Glasgow:Maclehose,Jackson and Co.,1924,p.48. (19)Julian Goodare,"The First Parliament of Mary,Queen of Scots," p.56. (20)T.Thomson and C.Innes,ed.,The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland,Vol.2,Edinburg,1815,p.526. (21)T.Thomson and C.Innes,ed.,The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland,Vol.2,p.534. (22)T.Thomson and C.Innes,ed.,The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland,Vol.3,Edinburg,1816,p.14. (23)K.M.Brown and Roland J.Tanner,eds.,The History of the Scottish Parliament:Parliament and Politics in Scotland,1235-1560,Vol.1,p.229. (24)R.Rait,The Parliament of Scotland,p.200. (25)关于议会和贵族大会议(Convention of Estates)的区别，在苏格兰王国中，贵族会议存在两种形式，一种为议会，一种为贵族大会议。二者的区别是：前者召开的时间至少为40天，拥有排他性的司法审判权和终审权。在传唤方式上，议会拥有固定的程式。后者由General Council演化而来，尽管其人员构成与议会基本相同，但其召开时间不得超过40天，没有司法权。在传唤方式上，贵族大会议也并不固定。参见R.K.Hannay,"General Council and Convention of Estates," The Scottish Historical Review,Vol.20,No.78,1923,pp.98-115. (26)R.Rait,The Parliament of Scotland,p.200. (27)K.M.Brown and Roland J.Tanner,eds.,The History of the Scottish Parliament:Parliament and Politics in Scotland,1235-1560,Vol.1,p.230. (28)Peter J.Murray,"The Lay Administrators of Church Lands in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries," The Scottish Historical Review,Vol.74,No.197,1995,pp.26-44. (29)Jenny Wormald ed.,Scotland:A History,p.96. (30)参见G.Donaldson,R.S.Morpeth ed.,A Dictionary of Scottish History,p.79. (31)Robert Tittler and Norman Jones,ed.,A Companion to Tudor Britain,Oxford:Blackwell Publishing Ltd,2004,p.291. (32)Robert Tittler and Norman Jones,ed.,A Companion to Tudor Britain,p.292. (33)W.C.Dickinson,G.Donaldson,Isabel A.Milne ed.,A Source Book of Scottish History,1424-1567,Vol.2,p.125. (34)W.C.Dickinson,G.Donaldson,Isabel A.Milne ed.,A Source Book of Scottish History,1424-1567,Vol.2,p.126. （本文刊于《史学集刊》2018年第1期） (责任编辑：admin) |