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注释： ①Topography of Ireland记述的主要内容包括爱尔兰地区的自然地理、历史传说和社会习俗，略似于我国东晋常璩的地方志著作《华阳国志》，故取译名为《爱尔兰志》，以便理解和叙述。 ②西方学界19世纪后半期就将留存的杰拉尔德手稿编纂成册，在1861年至1891年陆续出版了八卷拉丁文本《杰拉尔德文集》(Giraldi Cambrensis Opera)。这仍然是目前比较权威的杰拉尔德作品合集。本文所引杰拉尔德作品依据的主要是托马斯·怀特等人所编的英译本《威尔士的杰拉尔德的史学作品》，该书完整收录了杰拉尔德关于爱尔兰和威尔士的四部著作，参见Thomas Wright ed.,The History Works of Giraldus Cambrensis,London:George Bell,1905。关于其自传，本文依据的是伦敦大学学院拉丁语教授巴特勒编译的《威尔士的杰拉尔德自传》，该书还收录了一些杰拉尔德其他的作品，按照年代顺序补充在自传正文中。著名史家C.H.威廉姆斯为该书作导言，参见H.E.Butler ed.,The Autobiography of Giraldus Cambrensis,London:J.Cape,1937. ③F.M.Powicke,"Gerald of Wales",Bulletin of the John Rylands Library,Vol.12(1928),pp.389-410. ④Michael Richter,"Gerald of Wales:A Reassessment on the 750[th] Anniversary of His Death",Traditio,Vol.29(1973),pp.379-390.当代最有影响力的专著是罗伯特·巴特利特的成名作《威尔士的杰拉尔德，1146-1223》，参见Robert Bartlett,Gerald of Wales,1146-1223,Oxford:Clarendon Press,1982。巴特利特还作为主讲人之一参加了2015年哈佛大学的学术会议。 ⑤官方网址https://harvardgerald.wordpress.com。 ⑥威尔士边区(March of Wales)主要是指被诺曼领主征服和控制的威尔士地区，构成了英格兰本土和威尔士人控制的威尔士地区之间的缓冲地带。该地区主要由大大小小的边境领主(Marcher Lord)所控制。 ⑦F.M.Powicke,"Gerald of Wales",pp.389-410. ⑧H.E.Butler,ed.,The Autobiography of Giraldus Cambrensis,p.35. ⑨又译为“司铎”。 ⑩H.E.Butler,ed.,The Autobiography of Giraldus Cambrensis,p.86. (11)Thomas Wright ed.,The History Works of Giraldus Cambrensis,Preface.vi. (12)H.E.Butler,ed.,The Autobiography of Giraldus Cambrensis,p.116. (13)D.Knowles,"Some Enemies of Gerald of Wales",Studia Monastica,Vol.1(1959),pp.140-141.巴特勒教授编译的自传中收录了一些杰拉尔德和沃尔特的来往信件，杰拉尔德在为自己辩解时提及了威廉·韦伯特对他的造谣中伤和恶意污蔑，参见H.E.Butler,ed.,The Autobiography of Giraldus Cambrensis,pp.141-142,144。 (14)H.E.Butler,ed.,The Autobiography of Giraldus Cambrensis,p.137. (15)F.M.Powicke,"Gerald of Wales",pp.389-410. (16)Michael Richter,"Gerald of Wales:A Reassessment on the 750[th] Anniversary of His Death",pp.379-390. (17)H.Pryce,"A Cross-Border Career:Giraldus Cambrensis between Wales and England",in R.Schneider(ed.),Grenzgnger,Saarbrücken,1998,pp.45-60. (18)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and The Description of Wales,London:J.M.Dent,1908,Introduction,xii. (19)Antonia Gransden,Historical Writing in England c.550 to c.1307,London:Routledge,1974,pp.244-245. (20)以下分别简称《巡游记》和《风物志》。 (21)J·W·汤普森：《历史著作史》，上卷，谢德风译，商务印书馆1988年版，第383页。 (22)Christopher A.Snyder,The Britons,Oxford:Blackwell Publishing Ltd,2003,p.239. (23)F.M.Powicke,"Gerald of Wales",pp.389-410. (24)Thomas Wright ed.,The History Works of Giraldus Cambrensis,p.471. (25)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,p.105. (26)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,p.106. (27)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,pp.106-107. (28)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,p.160. (29)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,p.160. (30)有关版本修订和内容损益的研究，可参考最近的加利福尼亚大学的一篇博士论文：Amelia Sargent,Visions and Revisions:Gerald of Wales,Authorship,and the Construction of Political,Religious,and Legal Geographies in Twelfth and Thirteenth Century Britain,Ph.D.,Comparative Literature UC Berkeley,University of California,2011. (31)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,p.13. (32)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,p.104. (33)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,p.115. (34)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,p.45. (35)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the description of Wales,p.85. (36)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,p.168. (37)《圣经》中的典故，押沙龙(Absalom)是古以色列国王大卫的第三子，后举兵叛乱，兵败后因头发被橡树枝缠住无法脱身而死。 (38)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,pp.170-171. (39)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,p.190. (40)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,p.192. (41)需要指出的是，当代史家H.珀西谈到了《巡游记》的一个以往被忽视的重要价值，即它提供了“一份独一无二的完整的为发动十字军而进行的布道记录”。参见H.Pryce,"Gerald's Journey through Wales",Journal of Welsh Ecclesiastical History,Vol.6(1989),pp.17-34. (42)Thomas Wright ed.,The History Works of Giraldus Cambrensis,p.472. (43)Thomas Wright ed.,The History Works of Giraldus Cambrensis,p.472. (44)参见Robert Bartlett,"Rewriting Saints' Lives:The Case of Gerald of Wales",Speculum,Vol.58(1983),pp.598-613。 (45)参见Robert Bartlett,Gerald of Wales,1146-1223。 (46)关于12世纪文艺复兴的提法和由来，可参考Charles Homer Haskins,The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century,Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1957。国内的研究可参考夏继果《哈斯金斯与“12世纪文艺复兴”》，《史学理论研究》2004年第3期。以下涉及12世纪文艺复兴学术史的内容，引自夏先生的论述。 (47)Antonia Gransden,Historical Writing in England c.550 to c.1307,p.244. (48)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and The Description of Wales,p.146-147. (49)H.E.Butler,ed.,The Autobiography of Giraldus Cambrensis,p.24. (50)H.E.Butler,ed.,The Autobiography of Giraldus Cambrensis,pp.9-10. (51)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and The Description of Wales,pp.146-147. (52)Christopher A.Snyder,The Britons,p.240. (53)可参考H.Pryce,"A Cross-Border Career:Giraldus Cambrensis between Wales and England",pp.45-60。以及同一学者的另一篇重要论述，H.Pryce,"British or Welsh? National Identity in Twelfth-Century Wales",The English Historical Review,Vol.116,No.468(2001),pp.775-801。最近的权威研究成果也持这种看法，可参考Robert Bartlett,Gerald of Wales,1146-1223。 (54)杰拉尔德收集史料著书的方式可以视为“走”和“坐”的结合，既有亲身参与的实地经历，又有文献和传闻为佐，殊为难得。关于西方史家治史方式的演变，参见李隆国《从“走”到“坐”，西方史家治史从古代向中古的转变》，《史学史研究》2013年第4期。 (55)H.E.Butler,ed.,The Autobiography of Giraldus Cambrensis,p.29. (56)Giraldus Cambrensis,The Itinerary through Wales and the Description of Wales,pp.127-128. (57)如维塔利斯的编年史、马姆斯伯里的威廉(William of Mahnesbury)的列王纪和温多弗的罗杰(Roger of Wendover)、马修·巴黎(Matthew Paris)的编年史以及杰拉尔德的爱尔兰、威尔士文本等。 (58)W.B.Stephens,Sources for English Local History,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1986,p.26. （原文刊于《史学史研究》2016年第3期） (责任编辑：admin) |