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1920年前后废督裁兵运动中的商会与孙中山

http://www.newdu.com 2017-11-03 《广东社会科学》2012年第 虞和平 陈君静 参加讨论

    [内容提要] 自辛亥武昌起义之后,督军制度逐渐形成,袁世凯死后益形恶化,成为中国内乱和贫困的一个重要原因,引起社会各界的强烈反对,到1920 年前后形成以废除督军制度、裁减军队为目的的“废督裁兵”运动,并以此为救国之方。在这一运动中,主要的介入者有军阀、商会,以及以孙中山为首的护法派,他们虽然各有动机,但亦互相促动。其中商会的活动是民众废督裁兵运动的中坚力量,不仅乘军阀的表演顺势而进,而且与孙中山的号召彼此呼应,既敦促军阀政府有所举措,也声援孙中山持之以恒,从而为国民革命的兴起做了前期的社会动员。
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        作者简介: 虞和平,宁波大学包玉刚讲座教授,中国社会科学院近代史研究所研究员、博士生导师; 陈君静,宁波大学人文与传媒学院教授。浙江宁波315211
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