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注释： ①Allan Nevins,"Oral History:How and Why It Was Born," Wilson Library Bulletin,Vol.40,1966,p.600. ②Louis Starr,"Oral History," Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences,Vol.20,New York:Marcel Dekker,1977,pp.441-442; Herbert H.Hoover,"Oral History in the United States," in Michael Kammen ed.,The Past Before Us:Contemporary Historical Writing in the United States,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1980,p.392. ③Louis Starr,"Oral History," Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences,Vol.20,New York:Marcel Dekker,1977,p.442. ④Sherna Berger Gluck,Donald A.Ritchie and Bret Eynon,"Reflections on Oral History in the New Millennium:Roundtable Comments," Oral History Review,Vol.26,No.2,1999,pp.1-27. ⑤甚至有学者认为，在数字化时代，有关口述历史收集、管理与应用的每个传统假设几乎都在崩塌。相关内容可参阅Sarah McLennan,"How Digital Technology Has Changed Oral History," March 21,2013,http://at.blogs.wm.edu/how-digital-technology-has-changed-oral-history/; Caitlin Haynes,"A Whole New World:Oral Histories in the Digital Age," April 6,2015,http://www.dighist.org/2015/04/a-whole-new-world-oral-histories-in-the-digital-age/。上述访问日期为2015年4月28日。 ⑥相关研究可以参阅Marjorie L.McLellan,"Oral History in the Classroom and on the World Wide Web," Oral History Association Newsletter,Vol.31,No.3,Fall 1997,p.9; Sherna Berger Gluck,"Opportunity or Burden? Oral History,the Digital Revolution and Cyberspace," Oral History Association Newsletter,Vol.32,No.1,Winter 1998,p.12; Mary Larson,"Beyond the Page:Nonprint Oral History Resources for Educators," Oral History Review,Vol.25,No.1-2,1998,pp.129-135; Mary A.Larson,"Potential,Potential,Potential:The Marriage of Oral History and the World Wide Web," Journal of American History,Vol.88,No.2,2001,pp.596-603; T.Fogg,"Using New Computer Technologies for Oral History Interviews and Archival Research," American Educational History Journal,Vol.28,2001,pp.135-141; Donald A.Ritchie,Doing Oral History:A Practical Guide,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,2003,pp.79-84,171-179,245-251; Michael Frisch,"Oral History and the Digital Revolution:Toward a Post-Documentary Sensibility," in Robert Perks and Alistair Thomson eds.,The Oral History Render,London and New York:Routledge,2006,pp.102-114; Donald A.Ritchie ed.,The Oxford Handbook of Oral History,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,2011,pp.6-11,266-348,427-516; Ken Woodard,"The Digital Revolution and Pre-Collegiate Oral History:Meditations on the Challenge of Teaching Oral History in the Digital Age," Oral History Review,Vol.40,No.2,2013,pp.325-331。另外，2008年美国口述历史协会(Oral History Association)年会主题就是“数字化时代的口述历史”(Oral History in the Digital Age)。 ⑦该网站网址为http://ohda.matrix.msu.edu/(2014年4月28日访问)。《数字化时代的口述历史》特刊请参阅Oral History Review,Vol.40,No.1,2013。有关《口述历史与数字人文科学》的详细内容请参阅Douglas A.Boyd and Mary A.Larson eds.,Oral History and Digital Humanities:Voice,Access,and Engagement,New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2014。 ⑧"History of Sound Recording," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_sound_recording，2014年4月28日访问。 ⑨Donald A.Ritchie,Doing Oral History:A Practical Guide,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,2003,pp.13-14. ⑩Daniel Makagon and Mark Neumann,Recording Culture:Audio Documentary and the Ethnographic Experience,Thousand Oaks:Sage Publications,2009,pp.3-4; J.Walter Fewkes,"On the Use of the Phonograph in the Study of the Languages of American Indians," Science,Vol.15,No.378,May 1890,pp.267-269. (11)J.Walter Fewkes,"A Contribution to Passamaquoddy Folk-Lore," Journal of American Folklore,Vol.3,No.11,1890,p.257. (12)"History Recorded by Wire and Film:Current "History in the Making' Documented at Columbia," New York Times,January 13,1950;"History on a Sound Track," New York Times,January 14,1950. (13)David E.Kyvig and Myron A.Marty,Nearby History:Exploring the Past around Yon,Walnut Creek:AltaMira Press,2010,p.114. (14)Willa Klug Baum,"Oral History:A Revived Tradition at the Bancroft Library," Pacific Northwest Quarterly,Vol.58,No.2,1967,p.58. (15)Thad Sitton,George L.Mehaffy and O.L.Davis,Jr.,Oral History:A Guide for Teachers(and Others),Austin:University of Austin Press,1983,p.69. (16)Valerie Raleigh Yow,Recording Oral History:A Guide for the Humanities and Social Sciences,Walnut Creek:AltaMira Press,2005,p.3. (17)Willa K.Baum,"Preface to the 1987 Edition," in Willa K.Baum,Oral History for the Local Historical Society,Walnut Creek:AltaMira Press,1995,p.11. (18)Michael Frisch,"Oral History," in Carol Kammen and Amy H.Wilson eds.,Encyclopedia of Local History,Walnut Creek:AltaMira Press,2012,p.440. (19)Donald A.Ritchie,"Introduction:The Evolution of Oral History," in Donald A.Ritchie ed.,The Oxford Handbook of Oral History,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,2011,p.9. (20)陈华：《音频技术及应用》，重庆：西南交通大学出版社，2007年，第100-101页；Valerie J.Janesick,Oral History for the Qualitative Researcher:Choreographing the Story,New York:Guilford Press,2010。 (21)"Family Oral History Using Digital Tools," http://familyoralhistory.us/news/C6; Joe Hoover,"Using your iPhone/iPad to Record Oral History," http://discussions.mnhs.org/mnlocalhistory/blog/2012/03/12/using-your-iphoneipad-to-record-oral-history; Wesley Fryer,"Recommended Smartphone Apps & Digital Recorders for Storychasing Oral History," http://storychasers.org/2013/01/25/recommended-smartphone-apps-digital-recorders-for-storychasing-oral-history，上述访问时间为2014年5月8日。 (22)Doug Boyd,"Achieving the Promise of Oral History in a Digital Age," in Donald A.Ritchie ed.,The Oxford Handbook of Oral History,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,2011,p.290. (23)http://sfi.usc.edu/，2014年5月12日访问。 (24)Mary Marshall Clark,"Holocaust Video Testimony,Oral History,and Narrative Medicine:The Struggle against Indifference," Literature and Medicine,Vol.24,No.2,2005,pp.266-282; Charles Hardy III and Pamela Dean,"Oral History in Sound and Moving Image Documentaries," in Thomas L.Charlton,Lois E.Myers and Rebecca Sharpless eds.,Handbook of Oral History,Walnut Creek:AltaMira Press,2006,pp.510-561; Brian R.Williams,"Doing Video Oral History," in Donald A.Ritchie ed.,The Oxford Handbook of Oral History,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,2011,pp.267-276. (25)Peter B.Kaufman,"Oral History in the Video Age," Oral History Review,Vol.40,No.1,2013,pp.1-7. (26)具体内容访问https://storycorps.me/，2015年4月8日访问。有关该移动应用程序的相关资料还可参阅：Anne Quito,"StoryCorps,the beloved US Oral History Project,Is Now Going Global," Quartz,March 18,2015; Christoph Hitz,"Collecting Human Voices With a StoryCorps App," New York Times,March 27,2015; Patt Morrison,"Dave Isay on StorycCorps' DIY Oral History Project," Los Angeles Times,April 7,2015。 (27)Clifford Kuhn,"The Digitization and Democratization of Oral History," Perspectives on History,November 2013. (28)Carl L.Becker,"Everyman His Own Historian," American Historical Review,Vol.37,No.2,1932,pp.221-236. (29)Nancy MacKay,Curating Oral Histories:From Interview to Archive,Walnut Creek:Left Coast Press,2007,p.19; Nancy MacKay,"Oral Historians and Curators:Friends,Foes or Strangers?" Oral History Association Newsletter,Vol.39,No.1,Sping 2005,pp.1,6-8. (30)"Digital Curation," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_curation，2014年5月13日访问。相关研究还可参阅Arjun Sabharwal,Digital Curation in the Digital Humanities:Preserving and Promoting Archival and Special Collections,Oxford:Chandos Publishing,2015。 (31)"What is digital curation?" http://www.dcc.ac.uk/about-us/dcc-charter/dcc-charter-and-statement-principles，2014年5月13日访问。 (32)DougBoyd,"OHMS:Enhancing Access to Oral History for Free," Oral History Review,Vol.40,No.1,2013,p.99. (33)Michael Frisch,"Three Dimensions and More:Oral History Beyond the Paradoxes of Method," in Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber and Patricia Leavy eds.,Handbook of Emergent Methods,New York:Guildford Press,2008,p.223. (34)有关口述历史编目问题，请参阅Marion Matters,Oral History Cataloging Manual,Chicago:Society of American Archivists,1995。 (35)Doug Boyd,"Achieving the Promise of Oral History in a Digital Age," in Donald A.Ritchie ed.,The Oxford Handbook of Oral History,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,2011,p.292. (36)Doug Boyd,"OHMS:Enhancing Access to Oral History for Free," Oral History Review,Vol.40,No.1,2013,p.95；该系统详细内容可访问其官方网站http://www.oralhistoryonline.org/ohms/，2014年5月20日访问。 (37)Doug Boyd,"Achieving the Promise of Oral History in a Digital Age," in Donald A.Ritchie ed.,The Oxford Handbook of Oral Histoty,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,2011,pp.291-296. (38)Doug Boyd,"OHMS:Enhancing Access to Oral History for Free," Oral History Review,Vol.40,No.1,2013,pp.95-96. (39)"Oral History Metadata Synchronizer(OHMS)," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_History_Metadata_Synchronizer_(OHMS)，2014年8月20日访问。 (40)Doug Boyd,"OHMS:Enhancing Access to Oral History for Free," Oral History Review,Vol.40,No.1,2013,pp.99,102-103. (41)Brad Wolverton,"New Tool Could Help Researchers Make Better Use of Oral Histories," The Chronicle of Higher Education,July 7,2011. (42)"Indexing Interviews in OHMS:An Overview," Last Updated:May 15,2014,pp.15-16. (43)Douglas Lambert and Michael Frisch,"Meaningful Access to Audio and Video Passages:A Two-tiered Approach for Annotation,Navigation,and Cross-referencing within and across Oral History Interviews," in Doug Boyd,Steve Cohen,Brad Rakerd and Dean Rehberger eds.,Oral History in the Digital Age,Washington:Institute of Museum and Library Services,http://ohda.matrix.msu.edu/2012/06/meaningful-access-to-audio-and-video-passages-2/，2014年7月4日访问。 (44)上述说着内容请参阅"New Web Search Technology to Aid Researchers Using Oral Histories," Newswise,November 1,2011。 (45)Doug Boyd,"OHMS:Enhancing Access to Oral History for Free," Oral History Review,Vol.40,No.1,2013,p.106. (46)Denise Harrison and Cindy Skalsky,"U Kentucky Goes Digital with Thousands of Oral Histories," Campus Technology,September 9,2009. (47)"New Web Search Technology to Aid Researchers Using Oral Histories," Newswise,November 1,2011. (48)Taylor Harrison,"University of Kentucky's Oral History Program 'Potentially Revolutionary'," http://www.kentucky.com/2013/06/30/2699101/university-of-kentuckys-oral-history.html，2014年7月5日访问。 (49)具体内容可以分别访问其网站http://www.interclipper.com/; http://www.informedia.cs.cmu.edu/; http://storytelling.concordia.ca/storiesmatter/，上述访问时间为2014年7月5日。 (50)Aaron Trehub,"The Alabama Digital Preservation Network(ADPNet)," Against the Grain,Vol.21,No.1,2009,pp.46-47.有关该网络的详细内容还可以访问http://www.adpn.org，2014年7月5日访问。 (51)Elizabeth Gremore Figa,"Products of Oral History Work," H-Oralhist,June 22,2000. (52)Richard Cándida Smith,"Case Study:What Is It That University-Based Oral History Can Do? The Berkeley Experience," in Donald A.Ritchie ed.,The Oxford Handbook of Oral History,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,2011,p.422. (53)Douglas A.Boyd,"Search,Explore,Connect:Disseminating Oral History in the Digital Age," in Douglas A.Boyd,Steve Cohen,Brad Rakerd and Dean Rehberger eds.,Oral History in the Digital Age,Washington:Institute of Museum and Library Services,http://ohda.matrix.msu.edu/2012/06/search-explore-connect/，2014年7月5日访问。 (54)Donald A.Ritchie,Doing Oral History,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,2014,p.235. (55)更多信息可通过Google检索"oral history catalogue/catalog/index/guide"等关键词来查询，便可以发现许多各种主题的口述历史馆藏指南、目录或索引。 (56)http://oralhistoryportal.cul.columbia.edu/; http://www.kentuckyoralhistory.org/，2014年7月5日访问。 (57)RLIN于2006年并入OCLC，目前OCLC拥有全球最大的图书馆在线联合目录系统——“WorldCat”(https://www.worldcat.org/)。 (58)http://www.lbjlibrary.net/collections/oral-histories/，2014年7月9日访问。 (59)http://cds.library.brown.edu/projects/1968/，2014年7月9日访问。 (60)http://www.csulb.edu/voaha，2014年7月9日访问。 (61)http：//avbarn.museum.state.il.us/，2015年3月24日访问。 (62)http://www.densho.org/densho.asp，2015年3月24日访问。 (63)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/html/search/search.html; http://kdl.kyvl.org/，2015年3月25日访问。 (64)http://alexanderstreet.com/products/oral-history-online，2015年4月8日访问。 (65)Irene Reti,"Oral History on the Web," Oral History Review,Vol.26,No.2,1999,pp.147-149. (66)Aaron Hayworth,"Oral History and New Media Methods of Presentation," http://sohp.org/2014/04/07/oral-history-and-new-media-methods-of-presentation/，2015年3月25日访问。 (67)http://jukebox.uaf.edu/，2015年3月26日访问。 (68)http://storiesfmmbeyondthepond.com/，2015年3月28日访问。相关研究还可以参阅Anne Valk and Holly Ewald,"Bringing a Hidden Pond to Public Attention:Increasing Impact through Digital Tools," Oral History Review,Vol.40,No.1,2013,pp.8-24。 (69)Jennifer Abraham Cramer and Erin M.Hess,"What Endures:Producing and Publishing an Oral History Podcast," in Doug Boyd,Steve Cohen,Brad Rakerd and Dean Rehberger eds.,Oral History in the Digital Age,Washington:Institute of Museum and Library Services,2012,http://ohda.matrix.msu.edu/2012/06/what-endures/，2015年3月28日访问。 (70)http://sohp.org/oral-history-interviews/podcasts/; http://oral.history.ufl.edu/collection/podcasts/; http://oralhistory.blogs.lib.lsu.edu/podcast-library/，2015年4月3日访问。更多信息还可以通过Google或iTunes来搜索口述历史播客节目。 (71)http://clevelandhistorical.org/; http://curatescape.ore/，2015年4月4日访问。有关该程序与网站的评论请参阅Daniel Kerr,"Media Review:Cleveland Historical:A Free Mobile App that Puts Cleveland History at Your Fingertips," Oral History Review,Vol.39,No.2,2012,pp.314-317。 (72)Mark Tebeau,"Listening to the City:Oral History and Place in the Digital Era," Oral History Review,Vol.40,No.1,2013,p.25.相关研究还可参阅Paul McCoy,"Case Study:StoryMapper-A Case Study in Map-based Oral History," in Doug Boyd,Steve Cohen,Brad Rakerd and Dean Rehberger eds.,Oral History in the Digital Age,Washington; Institute of Museum and Library Services,2012,http://ohda.matrix.msu.edu/2012/06/storymapper/，2015年4月4日访问。 (73)这些免费应用程序和同名网站可以通过Google或iTunes来搜索。 (74)比较集中的口述历史指南类网络资源可参阅Linda Shopes ed.,Web Guides to Doing Oral History,http://www.oralhistory.org/web-guides-to-doing-oral-history/，2015年4月9日访问。 (75)Terry Birdwhistell,"OHA Electronic List Now Available," Oral History Association Newsletter,Vol.27,No.2,Fall 1993,p.3. (76)Jeff Charnley,"OHA Links with H-Net to Create H-Oralhist," Oral History Association Newsletter,Vol.32,No.1,Winter 1998,pp.1,3. (77)该论坛网址为https://networks.h-net.ow/h-oralhist，2015年4月18日访问。 (78)据笔者查询相关网站推测，美国最早设立官方网站的口述历史机构可能是加州州立大学长滩分校口述历史项目(Oral History Progam,California State University at Long Beach)，其网站创建于1995年。 (79)Juliana Nykolaiszyn,"Oral History and Social Networks:From Promotion to Relationship Building," in Douglas A.Boyd,Steve Cohen,Brad Rakerd and Dean Rehberger eds.,Oral History in the Digital Age,Washington:Institute of Museum and Library Services,2012,http://ohda.matrix.msu.edu/2012/06/oral-history-and-social-networks/，2015年4月18日访问。此外还可参阅Reisa Levin,"Oral History in the Age of Social Media Networks:Life Stories on CitizenShift and Parole Citoyenne," in Steven High,Edward Little and Thi Ry Duong eds.,Remembering Mass Violence:Oral History,New Media and Performance,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,2014,pp.131-151。 (80)https://www.facebook.com/groups/246603815398919/，2015年4月18日访问。 (81)Sherna Berger Gluck,Donald A.Ritchie and Bret Eynon,"Reflections on Oral History in the New Millennium:Roundtable Comments," Oral History Review,Vol.26,No.2,1999,p.17. (82)Alistair Thomson,"Four Paradigm Transformations in Oral History",Oral History Review,Vol.34,No.1,2007,p.70. (83)Sherna Berger Gluck,Donald A.Ritchie and Bret Eynon,"Reflections on Oral History in the New Millennium:Roundtable Comments," Oral History Review,Vol.26,No.2,1999,p.25. (84)Ronald J.Grele,"Commentary on Alistair Thomson's Essay,'Four Paradigms Transformations in Oral History'," Oral History Review,Vol.34,No.2,2007,p.123. (85)Donald A.Ritchie,"At the Crossroads:Oral History in the 21 st Century," Oral History Association Newsletter,Vol.35,No.1,Winter 2001,p.3. （本文刊于《社会科学战线》2016年第3期） (责任编辑：admin) |