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Disturbance, Complexity, Scale: New Approaches to the Study of Human-Environment Interactions 干扰、复杂性、度量：人类-环境相互作用研究的新方法 Abstract: New approaches to human-environment interactions are beginning to move beyond a narrow focus on individuals and simple (patch-level) predatory or competitive interactions. These approaches link nonequilibrium theory from community and landscape ecology with theories of individual decision making from behavioral ecology to explore new ways of approaching complex issues of diachronic change in behavior, subsistence, and social institutions. I provide an overview of two such approaches, one to understand long-term hunting sustainability among mixed forager-horticulturalists in the wet tropics and the other to understand how foragers act as ecosystem engineers in a dry perennial grassland in Australia. I conclude by describing the implications of new approaches that incorporate anthropogenic "intermediate" disturbance (an emergent property of human-environment interaction) as a force shaping environments through time and space, and in so doing patterning the sustainability of subsistence, ways of sharing, ownership norms, and even structures of gendered production. 摘要：人类与环境的相互作用的新方法开始超越于个人的和简单的（补丁级）掠夺性的或竞争性相互作用的狭窄视角。这些方法把社区和景观生态非平衡理论与个人决策的理论连接起来，从行为生态学的角度探索新的方法来解决行为、生活和社会机构的历时变化复杂的问题。我提供了两个这样方法的概述，一个是理解在混合觅食者和植物的潮湿的热带地区进行长期狩猎的可持续性，另一个是理解作为生态系统工程师的觅食者在澳大利亚干草地中如何行动。我的结论描述了这些新方法的意义，这些方法将人为的“中间”干扰（人类与环境的相互作用的一种自然属性）作为一种力量，通过时间和空间而塑造环境，并且通过这样做建立生存的可持续性、方式的共享、所有权的规范，甚至性别生产的结构的模式。 作者: Bird, Rebecca Bliege 编者: Brenneis, D; Strier, KB 来源：ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY, VOL 44 丛书: Annual Review of Anthropology 卷: 44 页: 241-257 出版年: 2015 (责任编辑：admin) |