|
在此，列维-斯特劳斯特别强调了结构的内在性，而不能停留于外显的形式。他的这一思想后来在美国的象征人类学那里得到了发展，就像格尔兹所谓的“深度表演”。的确，和功能主义以及早期的信仰研究者相比，结构主义的观点更注重信仰研究的方法论和客观性。但由于斯特劳斯过于强调现象的内在结构及其普适性类型，所以最终也还是逃脱不了主观虚构的因素。正如特伦斯·特纳(T. Turner)总结的那样，列维-斯特劳斯的结构主义对后来的象征人类学和解释人类学都有着极大的影响，[15]在学术史上实际起到的是一种承上启下的作用。 (本文是为列维-斯特劳斯的Le totémisme aujourd’hui (Paris 1962)的德文译本Das Ende des Totemismus而写的一篇书评。 原载王霄冰《仪式与信仰—当代文化人类学新视野》，北京：民族出版社2008，页210-228。) 参考书目： Anthropos, Das Problem des Totemismus, Vol. IX, X, XI, 1914-16. Bergson, Henri, Les deux source de la morale et de la religion, Paris 1958. Dt. 1933. Best, E., “Maori Religion and Mythology”, Dominion Museum, Bull. Nor 10, section I, Wellington, 1924. Boas, F. (ed.), General Anthropology, Boston, New York, London, 1938. Boas, F., “The origin of Totemism”, American Anthropologist, Vol. 18, 1916. Durkheim, E., Les Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse, Paris 1925. Elkin, A. P., “Studies in Australian Totemism. The Nature of Australian Totemism”, Oceania, Vol. 4, No 2, 1933-1934. Elkin, A.P., The Australian Aborigines, Sydney-London 1954. Evans-Pritchard, E. E., “Zande Totems”, Man, Vol. 56, No 110, 1956. Evans-Pritchard, E. E., “Zande Clan Names”, Man, Vol. 56, No 62, 1956. Evans-Pritchard, E. E., Nuer Religion, Oxford 1956. Firth, R., “Totemism in Polynesia”, Oceania, Vol. I, No 3, 4, 1930-1931. Firth, R., Primitive Polynesian Economy, London 1939. Firth, R., History and Traditions of Tikopia, Wellington 1961. Fortes, M., The Dynamics of Clanship among the Tallensi, Oxford 1945. Frazer, J. G., Totemism and Exogamy, London 1910. Freud, S., Totem und Tabu. Goldenweiser, A. A., “Totemism, an Analytical Study”, Journal of American Folklore, Vol. XXIII, 1910. Goldenweiser, A. A., “Form and Content in Totemism”, American Anthropologist, Vol. 20, 1918. Handbook of American Indians, North of Mexico, Bereau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Bull. 30, Washington 1907-1910. Jennes, D., “The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island. Their Social and Religious Life”, Bulletin of the Canada Department of Mines, No 78, Ottawa, National Museum of Canada 1935. Kinietz, W.V., “Chippewa Village, The Story of Katikitegon”, Cranbook Institute of Science, Detroit, Bull. No 25, 1947. Landes, R., “Ojibwa Sociology”, Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology, Vol. XXIX, New York 1937. Linton, R., “Totemism and the A. E. F.”, American Anthropologist, Vol. 26, 1924. Long, J. K., Voyages and Travels of an Indian Interpreter and Trader (1791), Chicago 1922. McLennan, J. F., “The Worship of Animals and Plants”, The Fortnightly Review, London, Vol. 6, 1869; Vol. 7, 1870. Malinowski, B., Magic, Science and Religion, Boston 1948. Malinowski, B., The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia, New York, London 1929. Michelson, T., “Explorations and Field-Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1925”, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 78, No I, Washington 1926.” Murdock, G. P., Social Structure, New York 1949. Piddington, R., An Introduction of Social Anthropology, Edinburgh-London 1950. Prytz-Johansen, J. The Maori and his Religion, Kopenhagen 1954. Radcliffe-Brown, A. R., “The Social Organization of Australian Tribes”, Oceania, Vol. I, 1930-1931. Radcliffe-Brown, A. R., “The Comparative Method in Social Anthropology. Huxley Memorial Lecture for 1951”, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. 81, I, II, 1952. Rivers, W. H. R., The History of Melanesian Society, Cambridge 1914. Tylor, E. B., “Remarks on Totemism”, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. I, 1899. Van Gennep, A., L’Etat actuel du problème totémique, Paris 1920. Warner, W. L., A Black Civilization, Revised edit., New York 1958. Warren, W., “History of Ojibwas”, Minnesota Historical Collections, Saint-Paul, Vol. 5, 1885. [1] Lévi-Strauss1965: 7. [2] Lévi-Strauss1965: 24. [3] Piddington 1950: 203-204. [4] Lévi-Strauss1965: 14. [5] Lévi-Strauss1965: 14. [6] Lévi-Strauss1965: 26. [7] Lévi-Strauss1965: 27-28. [8] Lévi-Strauss1965: 31-32. [9] Lévi-Strauss1965: 32-33. [10] Lévi-Strauss 1965: 34. [11] Lévi-Strauss1965: 35-46. [12] Lévi-Strauss1965: 96. [13] Lévi-Strauss 1965: 104-107. [14] Lévi-Strauss 1965: 108-111. [15] 参见本书中的《结构、过程与形式》一文。 (责任编辑：admin) |