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四、评价与展望 简而言之, 研究者目前不仅探讨了族际和解的社会政策性方法, 而且分析了族际和解的基本过程, 并提出了促进族际和解的策略。这有助于在进一步完善族际关系的理论和研究的同时, 为促进族群间和解的可持续推进提供了新的视角。然而, 该领域的研究还是存在一些问题亟待解决。 首先, 未来对族际和解的研究应该涉及情绪调节过程的各个阶段。当前有关族际和解中情绪调节这一过程的研究, 主要集中于认知评估变化的角度上, 这并不是说明其他的情绪调节过程不重要, 如情境选择或反应调节。相反, 在未来的研究中, 我们认为对族际和解的干预研究应该涉及情绪调节过程中的各个阶段。 其次, 进一步扩展促进族际和解策略的研究。在族际和解策略方面, 已有研究主要是围绕族际和解的基本过程提出的, 今后该领域的研究应该关注和探索更多的因素措施去改善族际关系。例如, 社会认同虽是族际关系研究的重要视角, 却很少有研究将其应用到族际和解领域。南非和解后, 实行数年的种族隔离制度所导致的族群隔阂、猜忌一直未曾消除, 而且在实行种族隔离制度时, 南非橄榄球一度是白种人的标志。曼德拉则以其为突破口, 通过举办南非橄榄球世界杯, 提出“一支球队, 一个国家”的口号, 来提升人们对于“南非人”的国族认同, 借此机会达成了南非真正的和解。由此来看, 除了群际接触, 民族国家建构和国家认同的视角也是促成族群和解的一条路径。 最后, 本研究对实践应用也有重要意义。研究者运用社会心理学原理和理论对冲突族群进行有计划的接触干预, 以期促进族际间和解。未来研究应致力于在其他社会和族际冲突中的背景下对这一综合模型进行进一步的测试, 探讨该模型在解决地区性的族群冲突或者国家内部的族群冲突时, 其研究结果在世界范围内是否具有一致性与有效性。 注释 1. E.L.Worthington Jr.and D.T.Drinkard, “Promoting Reconciliation Through Psychoeducational and Therapeutic Interventions”, Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, vol.26, no.1, 2000, pp.93-101. 2. 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