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(11)Douglas S.Massey and Nancy A.Denton,American Apartheid,Segregation and the Making the Underclass,Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1998,p.85. (12)Richard Rothstein,The Color of Law:A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America,New York:Liveright Publishing Corp.,2017,p.xiv. (13)John Iceland,Daniel H.Weinberg and Erika Steinmetz,U.S.Census Bureau,Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation in the United States:1980-2000,December 2002,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237250021_Racial_and_Ethnic_Residential_Segregation_in_the_United_States_1980-2000. (14)William H.Frey,Diversity Explosion,How New Racial Demographics are Remaking America,Washington,D.C.:Brookings Institution Press,2015; Jacob L.Vigdor and Edward L.Glaeser,The End of the Segregated Century:Racial Separation in America’s Neighborhoods,1890-2010,January 22,2012,https://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/end-segregated-century-racial-separation-americas-neighborhoods-1890-2010-5848.html (15)Daniel T.Lichter,Domenico Parisi and Michael C.Taquino,“Toward a New Macro-Segregation? Decomposing Segregation within and between Metropolitan Cities and Suburbs”,American Sociological Review,vol.80,no.4,2015. (16)郝亚明：《美国的种族居住隔离：理论与现实》，载《世界民族》，2013年第1期。 (17)孙群郎：《美国金融机构的种族歧视与种族隔离》，载《世界民族》，2016年第5期；孙群郎：《美国种族限制性契约的司法判决与种族隔离的松动》，载《求是学刊》，2016年第3期；韩玲：《美国社会种族居住隔离模式探析》，载《和田师范专科学校学报》，2010年第2期；韩玲：《美国联邦政府公平住房政策研究(1960-1990年)》，载《河北大学学报》，2013年第3期。 (18)John R.Logan and Brian Stults,The Persistence of Segregation in the Metropolis:New Findings from the 2010 Census,2011,http://www.s4.brown.edu/us2010. (19)William H.Frey,White Segregation Edges Downward since 2000,Census Shows,Dec.17,2018,https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2018/12/17/black-white-segregation-edges-downward-since-2000-census-shows/. (20)Maria Krysan and Kyle Crowder,Cycle of Segregation,New York:Russell Sage Foundation,December,2017,p.19. (21)John R.Logan and Brian Stults,The Persistence of Segregation in the Metropolis:New Findings from the 2010 Census,2011,http://www.s4.brown.edu/us2010. (22)William H.Frey,White Segregation Edges Downward since 2000,Census Shows,Dec.17,2018,https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2018/12/17/black-white-segregation-edges-downward-since-2000-census-shows/. (23)John R.Logan and Brian Stults,The Persistence of Segregation in the Metropolis:New Findings from the 2010 Census,2011,http://www.s4.brown.edu/us2010. (24)John R.Logan and Brian Stults,The Persistence of Segregation in the Metropolis:New Findings from the 2010 Census,2011,http://www.s4.brown.edu/us2010. (25)William H.Frey,Diversity Explosion,How New Racial Demographics,Are Remaking America? Washington D.C.:Brookings Institution Press,2014,p.155. (26)Reynolds Farley,Howard Schuman,Suzanne Bianchi,Diane Colasanto and Shirley Hatchett,“Chocolate City,Vanilla Suburbs:Will the Trend toward Racially Separate Communities Continue?” Social Science Research,vol.7,issue 4,December 1978. (27)Jenny Schuetz,Metro Areas Are Still Racially Segregated,but It's Complicated than “Chocolate City,Vanilla Suburbs,December 8,2017,https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2017/12/08/metro-areas-are-still-racially-segregated/. (28)William H.Frey,Diversity Explosion,How New Racial Demographics Are Remaking America? Washington D.C.:Brookings Institution Press,2014,p.163. (29)Ruth Igielnik and Anna Brown,5 Facts about U.S.Suburbs,October 2,2018,http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/10/02/5-facts-about-u-s-suburbs/. (30)John R.Logan,Separate and Unequal in Suburbia,December 1,2014,https://s4.ad.brown.edu/Projects/Diversity/Data/Report/report12012014.pdf. (31)John R.Logan,Separate and Unequal in Suburbia,December 1,2014,https://s4.ad.brown.edu/Projects/Diversity/Data/Report/report12012014.pdf. (32)“America Is More Diverse than Ever-but Still Segregated”,Washington Post ,May 10,2018. (33)Brian Resnick and Stephanie Stamm,State of Segregation in the Suburbs,Jan.7,2015,https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/01/the-state-of-segregation-in-the-suburbs/453987/. (34)William H.Frey,Diversity Explosion,How New Racial Demographics Are Remaking America? Washington D.C.:Brookings Institution Press,2014,p.166. (35)John R.Logan,Separate and Unequal in Suburbia,December 1,2014,https://s4.ad.brown.edu/Projects/Diversity/Data/Report/report12012014.pdf. (36)John R.Logan,Separate and Unequal in Suburbia,December 1,2014 ,https://s4.ad.brown.edu/Projects/Diversity/Data/Report/report12012014.pdf. (37)Edward L.Vigdor and Edward L.Glaeser,The End of the Segregated Century:Racial Separation in America’s Neighborhoods,1890-2010,January 22,2012,https://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/end-segregated-century-racial-separation-americas-neighborhoods-1890-2010-5848.html. (38)孙群郎、常丹丹：《美国内城街区的绅士化运动与城市空间的重构》，载《历史研究》，2007年第2期。 (39)Lance Freeman,“Displacement or Succession? Residential Mobility in Gentrifying Neighborhoods”,Urban Affairs Review,vol.40,no.4,March 2005. (40)Jackelyn Hwang and Robert J.Sampson,“Divergent Pathways of Gentrification:Racial Inequality and the Social Order of Renewal in Chicago Neighborhoods”,American Sociological Review,vol.79,issue 4,2014. (41)Kathe Newman and Elvin K.Wyly,“The Right to Stay Put,Revisited:Gentrification and Resistance to Displacement in New York City”,Urban Studies,vol.43,no.1,January 2006. (42)Lance Freeman,“Neighbourhood Diversity,Metropolitan Segregation and Gentrification:What Are the Links in the US?”,Urban Studies,vol.46,issue 10,2009. (43)The Top 10 Gentrification Capitals of America,Nov.7,2013,https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/07/most-gentrified-cities_n_4234239.html. (44)Jackelyn Hwang,How“Gentrification”in American Cities Maintains Racial Inequality and Segregation:Research Brief,August 20,2014,https://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/race-society/gentrification-american-cities-racial-inequality-segregation-research-brief/. (45)“D.C.Gentrification can Cause Pockets of Poverty to Grow,Especially East of Anacostia River”,Washington Post,November 23,2016.Claire Zippel,Black Residents Increasingly Live East of the Anacostia River,November 28,2016,https://www.dcfpi.org/all/dcs-black-residents-increasingly-live-east-of-the-anacostia-river/. (46)Kfir Mordechay and Jennifer Ayscue,Growth,Persistent Segregation:Could Gentrification Become Integration? December 19,2017,https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/white-growth-persistent-segregation-could-gentrification-become-integration. (47)J.B.Wogan,Why D.C.’s Affordable Housing Protections Are Losing a War with Economics,Feb.2015,http://www.governing.com/topics/urban/gov-washington-affordable-housing-protections-gentrification-series.html. (48)“Housing Apartheid,American Style”,New York Times,May 17,2015. (49)“Housing Bias and the Roots of Segregation”,New York Times,Sep.19,2016. (50)1933年美国政府成立“房主贷款公司”，将城市住宅区进行分级，分级直接决定了贷款的流向，黑人居住区被划为第四级，为红色区，属于“危险地带”，基本得不到贷款，红线政策明显带有种族歧视倾向。 (51)Richard Rothstein,The Color of Law:A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America,New York:Liveright Publishing Corp.,2017,p.Ⅷ. (52)Rebecca Diamond and Tim McQuade,Who Wants Affordable Housing in Their Backyard? An Equilibrium Analysis of Low Income Property Development,December 2017,https://web.stanford.edu/～diamondr/LIHTC_spillovers.pdf. (53)“A Surprising Way to Increase Property Values:Build Affordable Housing”,Washington Post,July 6,2017. (54)“Program to Spur Low-Income Housing Is Keeping Cities Segregated”,New York Times,July 2,2017. (55)Houstonians Should Be Angry About Public Housing-Because of Segregation,Feb.23,2016,https://texashousers.net/2016/02/23/houstonians-should-be-angry-about-public-housing-because-of-segregation/. (56)“Housing Bias and the Roots of Segregation”,New York Times,Sept.19,2016. (57)Richard Rothstein,The Color of Law:A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America,New York:Liveright Publishing Corp.,2017,p.52. (58)“Snob Zoning’ is Racial Housing Segregation by Another Name”,Washington Post,September 25,2017. (59)Jonathan Rothwell and Douglas S.Massey,“The Effect of Density Zoning on Racial Segregation in U.S.Urban Areas”,Urban Affairs Review,vol.44,no.6,December 2008. (60)孙群郎、郑殿娟：《美国地方土地利用分区制与大都市区的低密度蔓延》，载《郑州大学学报》(哲社版)，2015年第6期。 (61)“One of the Best Ways to Fight Inequality in Cities:Zoning”,Washington Post,Aug.13,2014. (62)“One of the Best Ways to Fight Inequality in Cities:Zoning”,Washington Post,Aug.13,2014. (63)Housing Choice Voucher Program:Oversight and Review of Legislative Proposals Testimony of Barbara Sard before the House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance,April 17,2018,https://financialservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/hhrg-115-ba04-wstate-bsard-20180417.pdf. (64)“Trump Considers Cutting HUD Budget by $6 Billion”,Washington Post,March 8,2017. (65)U.S.Department of Housing and Urban Development,Worst Case Housing Needs 2017,Report to Congress,Aug.2017,https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/Worst-Case-Housing-Needs.pdf. (66)Austin City Council Votes to Sue State for Prohibiting Protections against Voucher Discrimination,Aug.17,2017,https://texashousers.net/2017/08/17/austin-city-council-votes-to-sue-state-for-prohibiting-protections-against-voucher-discrimination/. (67)William Julius Wilson,The Declining Significance of Race:Blacks and Changing American Institutions,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,3rd edition,2012. (68)[美]道格拉斯·S.梅西等著，朱迪、张悦怡译：《攀登劳雷尔山》，社会科学文献出版社，2017年。 (69)Andre Perry,Homeowners Have Lost $156 Billion by Living in a "Black Neighborhood",December 7,2018,https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/06/perspectives/black-home-ownership-undervalued-brookings/index.html. (责任编辑：admin) |