(24)"Six Theses on Narrative Philosophy of History", in History and Tropology, The Rise and Fall of Metaphor, p.39.这里的阿诺德·汤因比是后来那位写作《历史研究》的更著名的同名历史学家的叔父。 (25)张广达;《内藤湖南的唐宋变革说及其影响》,载于张广达:《史家、史学与现代学术》,桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2008年版,第59页。 (26)《捍卫历史》,第79页。 (27)Style in History, p.211. (28)Robert F.Berkhofer, Jr., Beyond the Great Story, History as Text and Discourse, p.304, Note19。有人(如伯克霍甫所援引的克劳茨)将解释的一元论视为只有一个最佳或正确的解释,多元论则既包括两个或多个解释不可公度的情形,也包括多个解释相互补充,最终百川归海(full convergence),达到更有效的解释的情形。见Michael Krausz, "Ideality and Ontology in the Practice of History", in W.J.Van Der Dussen & Lionel Rubinoff eds., Objectivity, Method and Point of View, Leiden, E.J.Brill, 1991, p.99。但在我看来,这后一种情形实际上可以归于一元论,一元论不见得要在单个解释中达到最佳或正确,但一元论相信,所有合理的解释都会在不同层面上相互补充,从而为最理想的解释做好铺垫。 (29)〔英〕柯林武德:《历史的观念》,何兆武、张文杰译,北京:商务印书馆,1997年版,第10页。 (30)W. J. Van Der Dussen,"The Historian and His Evidence", Objectivity,Method and Point of View ,pp. 163-167. (31)That Noble Dream, The "Question of Objectivity" and The American Historical Profession,p. 595. (32)"Six Theses on Narrative Philosophy of History" ,in History and Tropology , The Rise and Fall of Metaphor, p. 41. (33)Frank Ankersmit, "On Historiographical Progress',Storia della Storiagrafia, 22 (1992), pp. 103-107. (34)Beyond the Great Story, History as Text and Discourse, p. 49. (责任编辑:刘晓东)
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