(17)这次罢工的前后经过始见于新奥尔良的一份黑人报章the New Orleans Weekly Pelican, November 26, 1887。收入Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, pp. 140-141。关于黑人提出增加工资的要求以及雇主要求州长派兵镇压罢工，见The New York Times, October 28, 1887，据该报记者的报导，当时工人每天的工资是1美元不包饮食，而他们要求每日1.25元的工资或1美元的工资另加饮食。关于4名黑人在派特森维尔的镇压行动中被杀，见The New York Times, November 8, 1887。仅仅是在拉佛奇(Lafourche)教区就有9名黑人被害，见The New York Times, November 25, 1887。
    (18)The New York Tribune, July 8, 1892。引自Philip S. Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, Vol. 2, From the Founding of the American Federation of Labor to the Emergence of American Imperialism, New York: International Publishers, 1998, p. 210。
    (19)关于此次罢工的记载，始见The Spokane Weekly Review, July 14, 1892, 收入Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, pp. 148-151。另见The New York Times, July 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 1892; Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, Vol. 2, pp. 230-234。New York Times报导的工人死伤数字和Spokane Weekly Review报导的有出入。此外还可参考Taft and Ross,“American Labor Violence: Its Causes, Character, and Outcome,”p. 296。
    (20)The New York Times, July 17, 1892.
    (21)The Chicago Times, July 8, 1894, 收入Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, pp. 152-156，关于这次罢工的部分报导，见The New York Times, May 12, 14, 1894；另见Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, Vol. 2, pp. 261-278; Taftand Ross,“American Labor Violence: Its Causes, Character, and Outcome,”pp. 297-299, Taft和Ross认为这次罢工导致34人丧生。
    (22)The New York Times, April 21, 22, 23, 30, May 24, and August 26, 1914.根据4月30日《纽约时报》的报导，有14名儿童丧生。关于这次罢工的起因及镇压的经过，见George P.West代表美国工业关系委员会(The U. S. Commission on Industrial Relations)书写的报告：Report on the Colorado Strike(1915), pp. 101-138，收入Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, pp. 161-164。
    (23)The New York Times, August 26, 1914.
    (24)关于美国黑人在殖民地时期起义和暴动的详细讨论，见Herbert Aptheker, American Negro Slave Revolts, New York: International Publishers, 1963, pp. 162-208。
    (25)关于这次起义及政府对起义镇压的报道首先见于《路易斯安那报》(Louisiana Gazette)，后来，在1811年2月22日里士满的《调查者报》(The Enquirer)上重新刊登。这篇报道的一部分被收入Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, pp. 190-192。另见Aptheker, American Negro Slave Revolts, pp. 249-251; Brown, Strain of Violence, pp. 192-193。
    (26)美国内战以前，有一些奴隶靠超时工作或靠出卖自己生产的蔬菜和家禽赚取了少量金钱，并最终赎回自己的自由。维西就是其中一个。见Aptheker, American Negro Slave Revolts, p. 268。
    (27)关于圣多明哥奴隶起义和密苏里妥协案的辩论对维西的影响，见Aptheker, American Negro Slave Revolts, pp. 81, 98.此外，Aptheker还提到海地奴隶起义对维西德影响，见Aptheker, American Negro Slave Revolts, p. 270.
    (28)Aptheker, American Negro Slave Revolts, p. 272.
    (29)关于维西起义的经过，见Aptheker, American Negro Slave Revolts, pp. 267-273, 及Brown, Strain of Violence, pp. 195-196, Aptheker认为有37名黑人起义者被绞死。关于此次镇压行动和处决反叛者的报道，始见于一位黑人在1850年书写的小册子《南卡罗来纳州查理斯顿最近一次有预谋的导致36名爱国者被处决的反叛》(The Late Contemplated Insurrection in Charleston, S. C., with the Execution of Thirty-Six of the Patriots)，收入Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, pp. 194-197。
    (30)特纳在临刑前曾对这次起义的过程作过详细交待，见“The Confessions of Nat Turner，”收入Herbert Aptheker, Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion, New York: published for A. I. M. S. by Humanities Press, 1966, appendix, pp. 133-149，另见Brown, Strain of Violence, pp. 197-198。
    (31)关于布朗起事的经过，见The New York Times, October 20, 1859。《纽约时报》的报导虽不乏偏见，但对事件的叙述基本完整。此外，有一位被布朗扣押的人质事后将此次事件记录了下来，见John E. Daingerfield,“John Brown at Harper's Ferry, the Fight at the Engine House, as seen by one of these Hostages,”始载于Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, XXX, June, 1885, pp. 265-267，收入Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, pp. 97-101。
    (32)The New York Times, July 23, 26, 30, August 22, 27, 1860.一个南部白人在写给北部一份报纸的信中讨论了这场骚乱的经过。这封信始载于约翰·汤森(John Townsend)出版的一份反对废奴的小册子，题为“The Doom of Slavery in the Union; its Safety out of it,”(1860)，收入Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, pp. 202-203。
    (33)Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, p. 207.
    (34)有关辛辛那提市1841年骚乱的报道，始见《辛辛那提日报》(Cincinnati Daily Gazette)，1841年9月6日，重印于Wendell P.Dabney在1926年出版的《辛辛那堤的有色公民》(Cincinnati's Colored Citizens)，收入Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, pp. 208-210；另见Richards, Gentlemen of Property and Standing, pp. 34-35。
    (35)引自Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, p. 209。
    (36)The New York Times, August 31, 1866.关于这次骚乱中警察枪杀黑人的经过，见目击者J.D.奥克奈尔(J.D.O'Connell)在国会众议院调查该次骚乱的听证会上的证词(H. R. No. 16, Thirty-Ninth Congress, Second Session, pp. 77-79)，收入Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, pp. 219-223。
    (37)关于这次暴力事件的经过，见国会众议院调查委员会的题为“维克斯伯格的骚乱的报告”(“Vicksburg's Troubles”, House of Representatives Report No. 265, 43[rd] Congress, 2[nd] Session, pages vii-ix.)，收入Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, pp. 224-229。另见The New York Times, December 14, 17, 25, 1874。按照14日《纽约时报》的说法，至少有50名黑人被杀。
    (38)哈里·黑顿(Harry Hayden)在1936年将这次事件一位目击者的回忆记录了下来，题为《维尔明顿的叛乱》(“The Wilmington Rebellion”)，收入Hofstadter, American Violence: A Documentary History, pp. 231-236。另见The New York Times, October 24, November 6, 10, 11, 12, 1898。根据《纽约时报》11月6日的报道，有19名黑人被杀害。