注释：
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    ③Gilissen,J.,“La nouon de la foire à la lumiere comparative,”La foire,Brussels:Mercatorfonds,1953,p.114.
    ④Epstein,S.R.,“Town and Country:Economy and Institutions in Late Medieval Italy,”The Economy History Review,Vol.13,No.3（Summer,1993），p.78.
    ⑤Spufford Peter,Power and Profit,The Merchant in Medieval Europe,London:Thames & Hudson,2002,p.56.
    ⑥Van der Wee,H.,The Growth of the Antwerp Market and the European Economy（14[th]-16[th]Centuries），vols.1,Den Haag:Nijhoff,1963,p.23.
    ⑦Van Houtte,J.A.,An Economic History of the Low Countries,800-1800,New York:St.Martin's Press,1977,p.132.
    ⑧Vicens Vives Jaime,An Economic History of Spain,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1969,p.210.
    ⑨Stabel,P.,Blondé，B.,and Greve,A.,International Trade in the Low Countries（14[th]-16[th]Centuries）：Merchants,Organization,Infrastructure,Studies in Urban,Social,Economic,and Political History of the Medieval and Early Modern Low Countries,Leuven/Apeldoorn:Garant,2000,p.430.
    ⑩Van der Wee,H.,The Growth of the Antwerp Market and the European Economy（14[th]-16[th]Centuries），p.32.
    （11）Harreld Donald J.,High Germans in The Low Countries:German Merchants And Commerce In Golden Age Antwerp,Leiden:Brill,2004,p.105.
    （12）Vicens Vives Jaime,An Economic History of Spain,p.208.
    （13）Van der Wee,H.,The Growth of the Antwerp Market and the European Economy（14[th]-16[th]Centuries），p.23.
    （14）Van Tielhof Milja,The“Mother of All Trades”：The Baltic Grain Trade in Amsterdam from the Late 16[th] to the Early 19[th] Century,Leiden:Brill,2002,p.403.
    （15）Limberger Michael,“No Town in the World Provides More Advantages:Economies of Agglomeration and the Golden Age of Antwerp”，in O'Brien,Patrick,Urban Achievement in Early Modern Europe:Golden Ages in Antwerp,Amsterdam and London,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001,p.56.
    （16）Van der Wee,H.,The Growth of the Antwerp Market and the European Economy（14[th]-16[th]Centuries），p.147.
    （17）Vermeylen Filip.,Painting for the Market,Commercialization of Art in Antwerp's Age,Turnhout:Brepols,2003,p.315.
    （18）Harreld Donald J.,High Germans in The Low Countries:German Merchants And Commerce In Golden Age Antwerp,p.105.
    （19）Van Houtte,J.A.,An Economic History of the Low Countries,800-1800,p.137.
    （20）Graham Darby,The Origins and Development of the Dutch,Amsterdam:Revolt Routledge,2001,p.145.
    （21）Unger,R.W.,“Integration of Baltic and Low Countries Grain Markets,1400-1800”，in van Winter,J.M.（ed.）The Interactions of Amsterdam and Antwerp with the Baltic Region,1400-1800,Leiden:Brill,1983,p.45.
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    （23）Gelderblom Oscar.,“From Antwerp to Amsterdam:The Contribution of Merchants from the Southern Netherlands to the Rise of the Amsterdam Market,”Review,A Journal of the Fernand Braudel Center for the Study of Economies,Historical Systems,and Civilizations,No.23,2003,p.247.
    （24）Van Tielhof Milja,The“Mother of All Trades”：The Baltic Grain Trade in Amsterdam from the Late 16[th] to the Early 19[th] Century,p.412.
    （25）Van Tielhof Milja,The“Mother of All Trades”：The Baltic Grain Trade in Amsterdam from the Late 16[th] to the Early 19[th] Century,p.413.
    （26）Gelderblom Oscar,and Joost Jonker,“Amsterdam as the Cradle of Modern Futures Trading and Options Trading,1550-1650”，in Goetzmann,W.N.and Rouwenhorst,K.G.（eds.），The Origins of Value,The Financial Innovations that Created Modern Capital Markets,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2005,p.68.
    （27）Dijkman Jessica Giles Sylvester,An English Merchant in Amsterdam,Utrecht:Utrecht University Press,2003,p.32.
    （28）Israel,J.I.,The Dutch Republic.Its Rise,Greatness,and Fall,1477-1806,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998,p.247.
    （29）Vlessing Odette,“The Portuguese-Jewish Mercantile Community in Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam”，in Lesger,C.,and Noordegraaf,L.,Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship in Early Modern Times:Merchants and Industrialists within the Orbit of the Dutch Staple Market,The Hague:Drukkeij Smits,2001,p.241.
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