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注释： ①R.Syme,Anatolia,Studies in Strabo,Oxford University Press,1995,p.v; A.Momigliano,"Review:Ronald Syme,The Roman Revolution",Journal of Roman Studies,Vol.30,Part 1,1940,p.75. ②R.Mellor,"Sir Ronald Syme:Life and Scholarship(1903-1989)",in R.Syme,Sallust,University of California Press,1964,pp.ix-x.塞姆一方面继承了20世纪初德国罗马史学者们以氏族、个人姓名为线索整理现存拉丁、希腊铭文中零散史实信息的研究方法，另一方面注重将罗马贵族家族的兴衰沉浮同罗马上层政治势力演化的格局结合起来，并将自己的研究结论通过量化统计的形式展示在《罗马革命》一书中，对日后英美学界的罗马史研究模式产生了深远影响。 ③R.Mellor,"Sir Ronald Syme:Life and Scholarship(1903-1989)"; F.Millar,"Style Abides",The Journal of Roman Studies,Vol.71,1981,p.146; G.Bowersock,"Ronald Syme",in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society,Vol.135,No.1,1991,p.119. ④R.Syme,The Roman Revolution Oxford University Press,1939,pp.245-246. ⑤R.Syme,The Roman Revolution pp.245-246,88,70,359,89. ⑥R.Syme,The Roman Revolution.pp.139,162-163,168-169,172,108,14,133,137,100,157-158. ⑦R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.318-319,321,45,286,15-16,33-37,143,144. ⑧R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.164,104,162. ⑨R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,p.146. ⑩Sallust,Bellum Catilinae,29.1-3. (11)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.55,245-246,146,153,138,184-185,186,203. (12)A.Lintott,Cicero as Evidence:A Historian's Companion,Oxford University Press,2008,pp.33,379. (13)G.Kennedy,"Cicero's Oratorical and Rhetorical Legacy",in J.May,ed.,Brill's Companion to Cicero,Oratory and Rhetoric,Brill,2002,p.481. (14)“不容否认的是，按照我们的口味，他(西塞罗)的大量演说和论文过于夸张和冗长”，参见伊丽莎白·罗森：《西塞罗传》，王乃新、王悦、范秀琳译，商务印书馆2015年版，第8页。 (15)G.Kennedy,"Cicero's Oratorical and Rhetorical Legacy",pp.481-482. (16)C.Steel,Cicero,Rhetoric,and Empire,Oxford University Press,2001,pp.163-164. (17)H.Blom,Cicero's Role Models:The Political Strategy of a Newcomer,Oxford University Press,2010,p.2. (18)C.Steel,Cicero,Rhetoric,and Empire,pp.2-3. (19)E.Ciaceri,Cicerone e i suoi tempi,seconda edizione aecuratemente riveduta,Vol.II,Dal consolato alla morte(a.63-43 a.c.),Società Anonima Editrice Dante Alghieri,1941,p.394. (20)A.Lintott,Cicero as Evidence:A Historian's Companion,p.407. (21)N.Wood,Cicero's Social and Political Thought,University of California Press,1988,p.1. (22)G.Kennedy,"Cicero's Oratorical and Rhetorical Legacy",p.481. (23)M.Fox,Cicero's Philosophy of History,Oxford University Press,2007,p.1. (24)N.Wood,Cicero's Social and Political Thought,p.208. (25)J.Atkins,Cicero on Politics and the Limits of Reason,the Republic and Laws,Cambridge University Press,2013,pp.228-230. (26)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,p.4. (27)E.Ciaceri,Cicerone ei suoi tempi,Vol.I,Dalla nascita al consolato(a.106-63 a.c.),Società Anonima Editrice Dante Alghieri,1939,pp.xiv-xv. (28)T.Mommsen,R  mische Geschichte,Band 3,achte Auflage,Weidmannsche Buchhandhmg,1889,pp.191,180,326-327,6,580.(29)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,p.viii. (30)E.Ciaceri,Cicerone e i suoi tempi,Vol.I,Dalla nascita al consolato(a.106-63 a.c.),pp.xxxiv-xxv. (31)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,p.viii. (32)R.Mellor,"Sir Ronald Syme:Life and Scholarship(1903-1989)",p.x. (33)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.61,269-270,16,100,159,28,343-344. (34)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,p.524. (35)R.Mellor,"Sir Ronald Syme:Life and Scholarship(1903-1989)",p.xi. (36)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.viii.,2,301,320,427. (37)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.vii-viii,25,65,35-36,42,48,51,53,56,104-105,108,127,196; R.Syme,Tacitus,Vol.II,Oxford University Press,1958,p.588. (38)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.26,34,100,58,69. (39)需要指出的是，这一论述模式并非青年塞姆的首创。认为一切政权的实质均为寡头统治模式的观念在19世纪末20世纪初的意大利、德国政治学界业已出现。塞姆虽然并未在《罗马革命》正文中引述相应著作的观点或交代自己寡头统治理论的学术渊源，但他很可能直接或间接地受到了相关作品及第二次世界大战前夕与这些著作联系密切的西欧反法西斯思潮的影响。 (40)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.7,vii,374. (41)R.Syme,The Provincial at Rome,and Rome and the Balkans ,80 BC-AD 14,University of Exeter Press,1999,pp.3,39. (42)詹义康：《塞姆的〈罗马革命〉》，《江西师院学报》(哲学社会科学版)1982年第4期。 (43)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.viii,60,3-4,23,322,152,154. (44)R.Syme,Tacitus,Vol.I,p.208. (45)R.Syme,"The Allegiance of Labienus",Journal of Roman Studies,Vol.28,Part 2,1938,p.114. (46)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.509,439,405,440. (47)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.64,165,180,511-512. (48)R.Mellor,"Sir Ronald Syme:Life and Scholarship(1903-1989)",pp.xiii-xiv. (49)A.Giles,"Review:Dux and Princeps",Classical Review,Vol.54,No.1,1940,p.41. (50)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.ix,viii. (51)F.Millar,"Style Abides",p.147. (52)R.Mellor,"Sir Ronald Syme:Life and Scholarship(1903-1989)",p.xi. (53)A.Momigliano,"Review:Ronald Syme,Tacitus",in Gnomon,33 Bd.,H.1,1961,p.55. (54)R.Mellor,"Sir Ronald Syme:Life and Scholarship(1903-1989)",p.xii; J.Matthews,"Roman Law and Roman History",in D.Potter,ed.,A Companion to the Roman Empire,Blackwell Publishing Ltd.,2006,p.479; D.Potter,"The Shape of Roman History:The Fate of the Governing Class",in D.Potter,ed.,A Companion to the Roman Empire,p.2；晏绍祥：《显贵还是人民？——20世纪初以来有关罗马共和国政治生活特点的争论》，《历史研究》2008年第5期。 (55)R.Mellor,"Sir Ronald Syme:Life and Scholarship(1903-1989)",p.viii；晏绍祥：《古典历史研究史》上卷，北京大学出版社2013年版，第208页。 (56)真实历史中的波利奥形象其实同塞姆的刻画存在着一定出入。参见A.Bosworth,"Asinius Pollio and Augustus",in Historia:Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte,Bd.21,H.3,3rd,Qtr.,1972,pp.441-452。 (57)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.4-5,291. (58)R.Syme,"Tacitus:Some Sources of His Information",in A.Birley,ed.,Roman Papers IV,Clarendon Press,1988,p.220. (59)R.Mellor,"Sir Ronald Syme:Life and Scholarship(1903-1989)",pp.xi,xviii. (60)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.515,323-324,508. (61)D.Potter,"The Shape of Roman History:The Fate of the Governing Class",p.2. (62)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,pp.166,16,137,153,286. (63)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,p.4. (64)R.Mellor,"Sir Ronald Syme:Life and Scholarship(1903-1989)",p.viii. (65)晏绍祥：《古典历史研究史》上卷，第210页。 (66)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,p.2; R.Syme,Tacitus,Vol.I,p.250. (67)R.Syme,The Roman Revolution,p.513. (68)A.Momigliano,"Review:Ronald Syme,The Roman Revolution",p.80. (69)R.Syme,Sallust,p.16. (70)R.Syme,"History and Language at Rome",in A.Birley,ed.,Roman Papers III,Clarendon Press,1984,p.956. (71)R.Syme,"How Gibbon Came to History",in A.Birley,ed.,Roman Papers III,p.974; R.Syme,"Pliny's Early Career",in A.Birley,ed.,Roman Papers VII,Clarendon Press,1991,p.556; R.Syme,"A Political Group",in A.Birley,ed.,Roman Papers VII,p.579. (72)对塞姆学术兴趣转向的具体分析，参见A.Birley,ed.,Roman Papers I,Clarendon Press,1979,p.xii。 (73)R.Syme,The Provincial at Rome,and Rome and the Balkans,80 BC-AD 14,p.xi. (74)R.Syme,The Provincial at Rome,and Rome and the Balkans,80 BC-AD 14,p.xix. (75)R.Mellor,"Sir Ronald Syme:Life and Scholarship(1903-1989)",p.xiii. (76)R.Syme,"Caesar:Drama,Legend,History",in A.Birley,ed.,Roman Papers V,Clarendon Press,1988,p.703. (77)张广智、张广勇：《现代西方史学》，复旦大学出版社1996年版，第89-93页。 （本文刊于《史学理论研究》2016年第3期） (责任编辑：admin) |