On the Evolution of Julian-Gregorian Calendar Liu Wenli Abstract Nourished by the achievement of calendar research in theancient oriental nations,Julian Calendar came into being in the firstcentury B.C.,and was improved towards the end of the 16th century A.D.,when Pope Gregory ⅩⅢ was in power.Thus the Julian-GregorianCalendar was formed,which was also called the Western Calendar.Later it was named the Popular Calendar because it had been adopted by many countries in modern times.In the Popular Calendar,the Christian trait of the Western Calendar was removed.No Latin names for the months are found.In this way the Popular Calendar would not remind the user of the rule by Julius Caesar or Augustus,which is mainly considered as part of the Western tradition.On the contrary,the Popular Calendar,or the Solar Calendar,is so very perfect that it often makes people cherish the out standing contribution by the oriental ancients,especially the Egyptians,to calendar research. 注释: (1) Michel Mourre:Dictionnaire encyclopédique d'Histoire,p.717,Bordas,Paris,1978. (2) 《简明不列颠百科全书》卷1,中国大百科全书出版社1985年版,第401页。 (3) 参见(2)所引书卷5,第488页。 (4) 参见特奥多尔·蒙森:《罗马史》卷1,商务印书馆1994年版,第189~192页。 (5) 埃及初有历法是在公元前4241年,又有公元前4236年、2781年等说。参见翦伯赞主编:《中外历史年表》,中华书局1961年版。 (6) 东正教与西部教会规定的节日略有不同,统称十二大节。 (7) 阿尔贝·索布尔:《法国大革命史》,中国社会科学出版社1989年版,第269页。 (8) 方豪:《中西交通史》上册,岳麓书社1987年版,第58页。 (9) 同(8)所引书,下册,第694页。 (10) 《辞海》,上海辞书出版社1980年版,第279页。 (11) 西文中并无“公历”之专词,只称格列高里历,如Gregoriancalendar(英文),calendrier grégorien(法文),GregorianischerKalender(德文),calendario gregoriano(意大利文)等。
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