注释：
    ①⑦（38）（46）Peter Wood,Poverty and the workhouse in the Victorial Britain,Alan Sutton,1991,p.54,p.54,pp.100-101,p.187.
    ②（17）（30）http://www.workhouses.org.uk.
    ③《1601年济贫法》全文参见http://www.workhouses.org.uk/:The 1601 Act for the Relief of the Poor.
    ④⑥George R.Boyer,An Economic History of the English Poor Law,1750-1850,Cambridge University Press,1990,p.24,p.22.
    ⑤Paul Slack,The English Poor Law,1531-1782,Macmillan,1990,p.47.
    ⑧（16）（25）（28）（36）（41）（48）（49）M.A.Crowther,The Workhouse System,the history of an English social institution,1834-1929,London,1983,p.25,p.31,p.194,p.73,p.271,p.270,p.4,p.269.
    ⑨J.R.Poynter,Society and Paupersim,English Ideas on Poor Relief,1795-1834,London:Routledge & Kegan Paul,1969,p.16.
    ⑩G.Talbot Griffith,Population Problems of the Age of Malthus,Frank Cass & Co.LTD,1967,pp.18-21.
    （11）（50）Anne Digby,The Poor Law in Nineteenth-century England and Wales,London,1982,p.9,p.34.
    （12）Raymond C.Gowherd,Political Economists and the English Poor Laws,A Historical Study of the Influence of Classical Economists on the Reformation of Social Welfare Policy,Ohio University Press,1977,pp.82-90.
    （13）马尔萨斯，《人口原理》，子箕等译，商务印书馆1961年版，第352页。
    （14）（35）（39）Derek Fraser,The Evolution of the British welfare State,A History of Social Policy since the Industrial Revolution,Macmillan,1985,p.46,p.49,p.54.
    （15）A.E.Bland,P.A.Brown and R.H.Tawney（ eds） ,English Economic History,Select Documents,1914,pp.653-665.
    （18）Ian Anstruther,The Scandal of the Andover Workhouse,Great Britain,the Anchor Press Ltd,1973,p.134.
    （19）柯尔：《费边社会主义》，夏遇南译，商务印书馆1984年版，第22-25页。
    （20）Robert Eccleshall,British Liberalism,Liberal Thoughts from the 1860s to 1980s,Longman,1980,pp.180-194.
    （21）Edward Royle,Modern Britain,A Social History,1750-1985,Amold,1987,p.179.
    （22）陈晓律：《英国福利制度的由来与发展》，南京大学出版社，1996年版，第26页。
    （23）丁建定：《从济贫到社会保险：英国现代社会保障制度的建立（1870-1914）》，中国社会科学出版社2000年版，第147页。
    （24）狄更斯：《雾都孤儿》，黄雨石译，人民文学出版社2003年版，第11页。
    （26）Sir George Nicholls,A History of the English Poor Law,Revised Edition,Volume Ⅱ，Frank Cass & CO LTD,[M]London,1967,pp.301-302.
    （27）David Englander,Poverty and Poor Law Reform in Britain:From Chadwick to Booth,1834-1914,Longman,1998,p.38.
    （29）Sandra Spencer,The Victorian Poorhouse,http://humwww.ucsc.edu/dickens/OMF/spencer.html.
    （31）（32）David Roberts," How Cruel Was the Victorian Poor Law? " ,The Historical Journal,Vol.6,No.1.1963,pp.97-107.
    （33）S.G.Checklan（ edited） ,The Poor Law report of 1834,Penguin,1974,p.335.
    （34）（37）Felix Driver,Power an Pauperism,The workhouse system,1834-1884,Cambridge University Press,1993,pp.170-171,p.64.
    （40）Anne Digby,Pauper Palaces,Routledge and Kegan,London,1978,P.146.
    （42）Hippolyte Taine,Notes on England,Translated with and introduction by Edward Hyams,London,1957,p.241.
    （43）M.Wiener,Reconstructing the Criminal,Cambridge,1990,p.153.
    （44）William Rathbone,Social duties considered with reference to the organization of effort in works of benevolence and public utility,London:Macmillan,1867,pp.48-49.
    （45）Michael E.Rose," The Allowance System Under the New Poor Law" ,Economic History Review,1966,p.616.
    （47）M.A.Crowther," The Later Years of the Workhouse 1890-1929" ,The Origins of British social policy,London,1978,pp.36-55.