[6]Alfred W. Crosby, Germs, Seeds and Animals: Studies in Ecological History , p. 11.
    [7]Alfred W. Crosby, “The Past and Present of Environmental History”， in The American Historical Review, Vol. 100, No. 4, Oct.,1995,pp. 1177-1189.
    [8]Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange:Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, p. xi.
    [9]http://www.awcrosby.com.
    [10]Alfred W. Crosby,Germs,Seeds and Animals:Studies in Ecological History,p. vii.
    [11]Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900, Cambridge University Press,2004,p. 2.
    [12]Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expaasion of Europe,900-1900,pp.5-6.
    [13]Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe,900-1900, p. 7.
    [14]Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe,900-1900, p. xv.
    [15]Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe,900-1900,p. xvii.
    [16]Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe,900-1900, p. xx.
    [17]Alfred W. Crosby, Germs, Seeds and Animals: Studies in Ecological History, p. viii.
    [18]Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, p. xxv.
    [19]Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange :Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, p. 37.
    [20]Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism:The Biological Expansion of Europe,900-1900, p. 196.
    [21]Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe,900-1900, p. 285.
    [22]Alfred W. Crosby, America‘s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of l918, Cambridge University Press,2003,p. 207.
    [23]参见Alfred W. Crosby, America’s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918, pp. 175-195。
    [24]柯娇燕：《什么是全球史》，刘文明译，北京大学出版社2009年版，第62页。
    [25]Alfred W. Crosby ,Ecological Imperialism:The Biological Expansion of Europe,900-1900,pp. 270,287,293.
    [26]Alfred W. Crosby,Germs,Seeds and Animals:Studies in Ecological History,p. xiv.
    [27]Alfred W. Crosby, Germs, Seeds and Animals: Studies in Ecological History,pp. x-xiii.
    [28]Alfred W. Crosby, The Measure of Reality: Quantification and Western Society, 1250-1600, Cambridge University Press,1997, p. Ix.