注释: ①英国梧桐(London plane)、美国梧桐(Occidental plane)和法国梧桐(Oriental plane)的学名分别是二球悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia willd)、一球悬铃木(Platanus occidentalis L)和三球悬铃木(Platanus orientalis L),均通称悬铃木,但二球悬铃木比较常见。二球悬铃木是一球悬铃木和三球悬铃木杂交的产物。据文献记载,三球悬铃木大约在16世纪中期引进英格兰,一球悬铃木约在1636年由园艺家约翰·特雷德斯坎特(John Tradescant)从美国引进英格兰。据亨利教授(Prof.Henry)推测:二球悬铃木大约于起源于1670年,在牛津植物园(Oxford Botanic Garden),一株一球悬铃木和一株三球悬铃木碰巧生长在一起,二者杂交的幼苗便是二球悬铃木,这株幼苗的茁壮生长和新奇的树叶吸引了园艺者,从而得到繁殖并传播。参见"The History of London Plane",Nature,June 26,1919,p.333. ②相关研究概述了城市空气污染对植物的影响及有关人群的反应,但均未涉及树种变化及其深层原因等问题。参见Peter Brimblecombe,The Big Smoke:A History of Air Pollution in London since Medieval Times,London:Methuen,1987,pp.68-69; Peter Thorsheim,Inventing Pollution:Coal,Smoke and Culture in Britain since 1800,Athens:Ohio University Press,2006,pp.33-35. ③首都公园协会成立于1882年,首任主席是布拉巴宗勋爵,其宗旨是为公众使用而保护花园、废弃墓地、教堂、开敞空间等,参见该协会网站:http://www.mpga.org.uk/。 ④指植物所具有的抵抗不利环境的某些性状,如抗寒、抗旱、抗盐、抗病虫害等。 ⑤相关研究参见Henry W.Lawrence,"The Greening of the Squares of London:Transformation of Urban Landscapes and Ideals",Annals of the Association of American Geographers,Vol.83,No.1,1993,pp.90-118; Henry W.Lawrence,City Trees:A Historical Geography from the Renaissance through the Nineteenth Century,Virginia:University of Virginia,2006,p.77. 原文参考文献: [1]Sophie Borland,"Britain's most expensive tree valued at £750k",The Telegraph,http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/earthnews/3340392/Britains-most-expensive-tree-valued-at-750k.html,January 10,2015. [2][4]"London Trees",The Spectator,Vol.71,No.3403,1893,p.365. [3][5][50]A.D.Webster,London Trees,London:The Swarthmore Press,1920,p.7,p.1,p.1. [6][7]"Tree Planting in London",The Morning Post,Issue 35938,August 25,1887,p.3,Gale Document Number:R3211754205. [8]"Trees in Towns",The Star,Issue 53,May 2,1896,Gale Document Number:R3210928294. (责任编辑:admin) |