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注释： ①联邦调查局并没有获得明确的法律授权在国内收集情报，它只是从1939年9月6日罗斯福总统发表的声明中得到了一种模棱两可的指示，即“建议联邦调查局负责调查有关间谍、破坏活动和违反中立法方面的情况”。(参见George McJimsey, ed., Documentary History of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidency, vol.32, Roosevelt, J. Edgar Hoover, and Domestic Surveillance, 1939-1942, Bethesda: UPA, 2006, p.30)然而，随着联邦行政权力在战后的不断膨胀以及冷战的开始，联邦调查局在没有获得明确法律授权的情况下，即以防止“共产主义渗透”和保卫国家安全为由，对黑人民权组织等社会团体的活动进行监控、破坏和压制。 ②U.S. Senate, 94th Congress, 2nd Session Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, vol. III, Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1976, p.3. 1971年3月8日,宾夕法尼亚州梅迪亚市联邦调查办公室数千份机密文件被盗,其重要内容遭到泄露，“反谍计划”意外曝光，不久迫于多方压力而终止。 ③U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI File on the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC), Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc., 1991. ④Kenneth O'Reilly, "Racial Matters": The FBI's Secret File on Black America, 1960-1972, New York: The Free Press, 1989. ⑤Clayborne Carson, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981. ⑥Cheryl Greenberg, A Circle of Trust: Remembering SNCC, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1998. ⑦Frank J. Donner, The Age of Surveillance: The Aims and Methods of America's Political Intelligence System, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1980. ⑧Athan G. Theoharis, The FBI and American Democracy: A Brief Critical History, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2004. ⑨Ivan Greenberg, The Dangers of Dissent: The FBI and Civil Liberties since 1965, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2010. ⑩John Lewis and Michael D'Orso, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998, p.270. (11)Clayborne Carson, ed., The Student Voice, 1960-1965: Periodical of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Westport: Meckler Corporation, 1990, p.3. (12)Ward Churchill and Jim Vander Wall, eds., The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars against Domestic Dissent, Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 1990, p.103. (13)David Wise, The American Police State: The Government against the People, New York: Random House USA Inc., 1976, pp.299-300. (14)John Lewis and Michael D'Orso, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, p.270. (15)Clayborne Carson, ed., The Student Voice, 1960-1965: Periodical of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, p.73. (16)20世纪40年代，全国律师协会因支持激进劳工组织而被联邦调查局视作“共产主义阵线”组织。 (17)John Lewis and Michael D'Orso, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, p.271. (18)Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, vol. III, pp.346-349. (19)Ward Churchill and Jim Vander Wall, eds., The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars against Domestic Dissent, p.103. (20)Communist Infiltration of SNCC, March 20, 1964, Office: Atlanta, Georgia, Field Office File: 100-6488, Bureau File: 100-439190, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (21)Communist Infiltration of SNCC, May 28, 1965, Office: Atlanta, Georgia, Field Office File: 100-6488, Bureau File: 100-439190, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (22)Communist Infiltration of SNCC, February 4, 1966, Office: Atlanta, Georgia, Field Office File: 100-6488, Bureau File: 100-439190, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (23)Communist Infiltration of SNCC, March 20, 1964, Office: Atlanta, Georgia, Field Office File: 100-6488, Bureau File: 100-439190, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (24)Communist Infiltration of SNCC, September 28, 1964, Office: Atlanta, Georgia, Field Office File: 100-6488, Bureau File: 100-439190, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (25)Communist Infiltration of SNCC, February 4, 1966, Office: Atlanta, Georgia, Field Office File: 100-6488, Bureau File: 100-439190, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (26)FBI Memorandum, August 8, 1967, From: R. W. Smith, To: W. C. Sullivan, SNCC Research-Satellite Matter, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (27)"Counterintelligence Research Project: CI Special Project," SNCC, Regraded Unclassified Order Sec Army by TAG PER, 850604, October 10, 1967, p.7, DDRS, accessed October 27, 2008. (28)"News Release: SNCC Charge Hoover, FBI aid Racists," April 30, 1964, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 14 of 73, Microfilm, Sanford, N.C.: Microfilming Corporation of America, 1982. (29)Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, vol. Ⅲ, p.480. (30)Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, vol. Ⅲ, p.479. (31)David Wise, The American Police State: The Government against the People, pp. 299-300. (32)Gerald Horne, Communist Front?: The Civil Rights Congress, Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1988, pp.137-138. (33)Manfred Berg, "Black Civil Rights and Liberal Anticommunism: The NAACP in the Early Cold War," The Journal of American History, vol.94, no. 1, 2007, pp.75-96. (34)John Lewis and Michael D'Orso, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, p.271. (35)Clayborne Carson, ed., The Student Voice, 1960-1965: Periodical of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, p. 146. (36)FBI Memorandum, August 8, 1967, From: R. W. Smith, To: W. C. Sullivan, SNCC Research-Satellite Matter, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (37)Kenneth O'Reilly, "Racial Matters": The FBI's Secret File on Black America, 1960-1972，p.358. (38)Randall B. Woods, "The Politics of Idealism: Lyndon Johnson, Civil Rights, and Vietnam," Diplomatic History, vol.31, no.1, 2007, p.6. (39)"Letter, To: William Moyers, Executive Assistant to the President, From: Ralph McGill, Publisher of the Atlanta Constitution," April 1, 1965, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 14 of 15, Part 1, The White House Central Files: A Collection from the Holdings of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Frederick, MD.: A Microfilm Project of University Publications of America, Inc., 1984. (40)"Communism, Extremism, and Civil Rights: Congressional Record," August 8, 1966(p. 17699), Mr. Buchanan, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 43 of 73, Microfilm. (41)Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, vol. Ⅲ, p.15. (42)Jeff Woods, Black Struggle, Red Scare: Segregation and Anti-Communism in the South, 1948-1968, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2004, p.143. (43)John R. Rachal, "‘The Long, Hot Summer': The Mississippi Response to Freedom Summer, 1964," The Journal of Negro History, vol. 84, no. 4, 1999, p.319. (44)George Lewis, The White South and the Red Menace: Segregationists, Anticommunism, and Massive Resistance, 1945-1965, Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2004, pp. 51-52, 112-113. (45)Clayborne Carson, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s, p.105. (46)Christina Klein, Cold War Orientalism: Asia in the Middlebrow Imagination, 1945-1961, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003, p.36. (47)Clayborne Carson, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s, p.106. (48)Peter B. Levy, ed., Documentary History of the Modern Civil Rights Movement, New York: Greenwood Press, 1992, pp.207-210. (49)Stokely Carmichael, Chairman of SNCC, "Spring Mobilization to End the War in Vietnam," April 15, 1967, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 3 of 73, Microfilm. (50)FBI Memorandum, August 8, 1967, From: R. W. Smith, To: W. C. Sullivan, SNCC Research-Satellite Matter, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (51)"Statement by SNCC on the War in Vietnam," January 6, 1966, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 62 of 73, Microfilm. (52)Communist Infiltration of SNCC, January 5, 1968, Office: Detroit, Michigan, Field Office File: 100-31374, Bureau File: 100-439190, Detroit Field Reports, Section 10, Roll 2, 0145-0272, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (53)FBI, Stokely Carmichael—Advocate of "Black Power," no. 2099, March 23, 1967, p. i, DDRS, accessed October 27, 2008. (54)Communist Infiltration of SNCC, December 6, 1967, Office: Chicago, Field Office File: 100-40342, Bureau File: 100-439190, Chicago Field Reports, Section 6, Roll 1, 0923-1180, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (55)Communist Infiltration of SNCC, December 6, 1967, Office: Chicago, Field Office File: 100-40342, Bureau File: 100-439190, Chicago Field Reports, Section 6, Roll 1, 0923-1180, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (56)John Lewis and Michael D'Orso, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, pp.354-355. (57)"Report from the Chairman," May 5, 1967, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 3 of 73, Microfilm. (58)"Face the Nation as Broadcast over the CBS Television Network and the CBS Radio Network," June 19, 1966, Guest: Stokely Carmichael, National Chairman of SNCC, News Correspondents: Martin Agronsky CBS News, etc., Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 2 of 73, Microfilm. (59)FBI, Stokely Carmichael—Advocate of "Black Power," no. 2099, March 23, 1967, p.17. (60)Vanessa Murphree, The Selling of Civil Rights: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Use of Public Relations, New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2006, p.135. (61)"Memorandum, To: The President Johnson, From: Clifford L. Alexander Jr.," January 7, 1966, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 2 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (62)Roy Wilkins, "Statement by Roy Wilkins," January 15-16, 1966, Released by the Register and Tribune Syndicate, 1966, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 2 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (63)John Lewis and Michael D'Orso, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, p.359. (64)"Memorandum, To: The President Johnson, From: Clifford L. Alexander Jr.," January 7, 1966, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 2 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (65)"Memorandum, To: Joe Califano, From: The Vice President Herbert Humphrey," January 22, 1966, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 2 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (66)Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, vol. III, pp.483-484, 484, 490. (67)Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, vol. III, p.483. (68)FBI, Foreign Influences in the Black Nationalist Movement, no.0353, January 11, 1968, pp.4-5. (69)FBI, Racial Violence Potential in the United States This Summer, no.0355, May 23, 1967, pp. 59-63. (70)FBI, Stokely Carmichael-Advocate of "Black Power," no.2099, March 23, 1967, p.17. (71)Rep. Julian Bond, January 1966, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 31 of 73, Microfilm. (72)Communist Infiltration of SNCC, December 26, 1967, Office: Cleveland, Field Office File: 100-26449, Bureau File: 100-439190, Cleveland Field Reports, Section 8, Roll 1, 1399-END, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (73)FBI Memorandum, August 8, 1967, From: R. W. Smith, To: W. C. Sullivan, SNCC Research-Satellite Matter, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (74)Charles E. Cobb. Jr., "From Stokely Carmichael to Kwame Ture," Callaloo, vol.34, no. 1, 2011, p.96. (75)"Testimony of Stokely Carmichael: Hearing before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate," March 25, 1970, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970, pp.l-29. (76)Martin Luther King, Jr., "An Address by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.: April 15 Mobilization to End the War in Vietnam," April 15, 1967, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 52 of 73, Microfilm. (77)WABC Editorial 1967, "Danger Signal for Civil Rights," Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 52 of 73, Microfilm. (78)David J. Garrow, The FBI and Martin Luther King, Jr.: From "Solo" to Memphis, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1981, pp.180-183. (79)John Lewis and Michael D'Orso, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, p.283. (80)Rudy Frank, "Letter fron Rudy Frank, President of Central Illinois Friends of SNCC," July 18, 1964, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 30 of 73, Microfilm. (81)"Memorandum, To: The President Johnson, From: Lee C. White," August 19, 1964, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 2 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (82)R. Edward Nordhaus, "S. N. C. C. and the Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi, 1963-64: A Time of Change," The History Teacher, vol. 17, no. l, 1983, p. 100. (83)SNCC, "Letter from Stokely Carmichael," Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 2 of 73, Microfilm. (84)SNCC-1966, "Comments by Stokely Carmichael," Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 2 of 73, Microfilm. (85)John Robert Lewis, "Some Comments on the Civil Rights Movement," Reprinted from New York Herald Tribune, May 23, 1965, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 14 of 73, Microfilm. (86)"Face the Nation as Broadcast over the CBS Television Network and the CBS Radio Network," June 19, 1966, Guest: Stokely Carmichael, National Chairman of SNCC, News Correspondents: Martin Agronsky, CBS News, etc., Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 2 of 73, Microfilm. (87)NBC, "Meet the Press," August 21, 1966, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 2 of 73, Microfilm. (88)FBI Memorandum, August 8, 1967, From: R. W. Smith, To: W. C. Sullivan, SNCC Research-Satellite Matter, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (89)Communist Infiltration of SNCC, September 19, 1968, Office: Los Angeles, California, Field Office File: 100-63822, Bureau File: 100-439190, Los Angeles Field Reports, Section 13, Roll 2, 0481-0930, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (90)Select Committee to Study Governmental Opreations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, vol. III, p.475. (91)"Report of the President's Task Force on the Los Angeles Riots," August 11-15, 1965, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 6 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (92)"Report from the Chairman," May 5, 1967, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 3 of 73, Microfilm. (93)SNCC-1966, "Comments by Stokely Carmichael," Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 2 of 73, Microfilm. (94)SNCC, "Letter from Stokely Carmichael," Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 2 of 73, Microfilm. (95)参见谢国荣：《1960年代中后期的美国“黑人权力”运动及其影响》，《世界历史》2010年第1期，第49页。 (96)John Lewis and Michael D'Orso, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, p.371. (97)John Lewis and Michael D'Orso, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, p.371. (98)FBI Memorandum, August 8, 1967, From: R. W. Smith, To: W. C. Sullivan, SNCC Research-Satellite Matter, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (99)Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton, Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America, New York: Vintage Books, 1967, p.47. (100)"Hoover to Clark," July 26, 1967, no.157-6-956,转引自Kenneth O'Reilly, "The FBI and the Politics of the Riots, 1964-1968," The Journal of American History, vol.75, no.1, 1988, p.103. (101)FBI Memorandum, August 8, 1967, From: R. W. Smith, To: W. C. Sullivan, SNCC ResearchSatellite Matter, Atlanta Field Reports, Section 1, Roll 1, 0007-0682, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (102)"Letter, To: President Johnson, From: George E. Reedy," July 25, 1967, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 3 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (103)"Memorandum, To: The President Johnson, From: Harry C. McPherson, Jr.," September 12, 1966, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 11 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (104)Bruce Miroff, "Presidential Leverage over Social Movements: The Johnson White House and Civil Rights," The Journal of Politics, vol.43, no.l, 1981, p.10. (105)"Memorandum, To: The President Johnson, From: The Vice President Herbert Humphrey," July 27, 1967, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 3 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (106)Doris Kearns Goodwin, Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream, New York: Harper and Row, 1976, p.161. (107)"Memorandum, To: The Vice President Herbert Humphrey, From: Bill Connell," September 6, 1967, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 4 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (108)Kenneth O'Reilly, "The FBI and the Politics of the Riots, 1964-1968," p.92. (109)"Hoover to Tolson, DeLoach, and William Sullivan," July 25, 1967, no. 157-6-958,-959 documents in FBI Detroit File no. 157-6, 转引自Kenneth O' Reilly, "The FBI and the Politics of the Riots, 1964-1968," p.103. (110)Ward Churchill and Jim Vander Wall, eds., The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars against Domestic Dissent, p.106. (111)Ward Churchill and Jim Vander Wall, eds., The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars against Domestic Dissent, pp.110-111. (112)"Letter, To: The President Johnson, From: Joe Califano," January 18, 1968, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 4 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (113)"Memorandum, To: The President Johnson, From: Joe Califano," August 5, 1967, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 1 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (114)National Congress for New Politics, "Reply to Continuing Report on the Congressional Investigations, To: Executive Board of NCNP, From: William F. Pepper," November 15, 1967, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 3 of 73, Microfilm. (115)学术界对学生非暴力协调委员会在60年代末衰亡的原因看法不一。卡森认为，该组织内部意识形态的严重分歧是其衰亡的重要原因。(参见Clayborne Carson, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s)斯托普指出，该组织没有掌握政治斗争中的妥协原则，而政府的刻意打压导致其内部矛盾激化，并使它孤立于美国社会，这些是其衰亡的原因。(参见Emily Stoper, The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: The Growth of Radicalism in a Civil Rights Organization, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Carlson Pub., 1989) (116)John Lewis and Michael D'Orso, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, pp.271, 300. (117)参议院丘吉委员会在一份调查报告中指出：“当时大多数美国人没有质疑胡佛作为一名反对共产主义专家的杰出才能。”(参见Select Committee to Study Governmental Opreations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, vol. III, p.480) (118)Vanessa Murphree, The Selling of Civil Rights: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Use of Public Relations, p. 127. (119)Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, "Inside Report: Civil Rights: Danger Ahead," New York Herald Tribune, December 2, 1964, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 41 of 73, Microfilm. (120)The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, "Civil Disorders Comission: Some Items under Investigation," December 22, 1967, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel10 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (121)Communist Infiltration of SNCC, October 25, 1965, Office: Cleveland, Field Office File: 100-26449, Bureau File: 100-439190, Cleveland Field Reports, Section 8, Roll 1, 1399-END, FBI File on SNCC, Microfilm. (122)NBC, "Meet the Press," August 21, 1966, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 2 of 73, Microfilm. (123)"Letter, To: Carmichael, From: John Bailey," November 21, 1966, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 2 of 73, Microfilm. (124)Stephan Thernstrom and Abigail Thernstrom, America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997, p.171. 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(130)"DeLoach to Tolson," July 10, 1967, no.100-106670-not recorded, King FBI File, 转引自Kenneth O'Reilly, "The FBI and the Politics of the Riots, 1964-1968," p.104. (131)Ward Churchill and Jim Vander Wall, eds., The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars against Domestic Dissent, pp.127-128. (132)Clayborne Carson, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s, p.288. (133)Brent Riffel, "In the Storm: William Hansen and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in Arkansas, 1962-1967," p.417. (134)"Memorandum, To: The President Johnson, From: The Vice President Humphrey, Task Force on Urban Problems," June 10, 1965, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 2 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (135)Rhoda Lois Blumberg, Civil Rights: The 1960s Freedom Struggle, Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1984, p.149. (136)"Memorandum, To: The President Johnson, From: Harry C. McPherson, Jr.," September 12, 1966, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 11 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (137)Office of the White House Press Secretary, "The Whife Houes President's Address to the Nation on Civil Disorders: The President's Office," July 27, 1967, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 4 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (138)"Memorandum, To: The President Johnson, From: Harry C. McPherson, Jr.," September 12, 1966, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 11 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (139)Stephan Thernstrom and Abigail Thernstrom, America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible, p.177. (140)Robert C. Smith, "Black Power and the Transformation from Protest to Politics," Political Science Quarterly, vol.96, no.3, 1981, pp.439-440. (141)Bruce Miroff, "Presidential Leverage over Social Movements: The Johnson White House and Civil Rights," p.17. (142)Robert C. Smith, "Black Power and the Transformation from Protest to Politics," pp.439-440. (143)"Letter, To: President Johnson, From: Roger Wilkins," December 13, 1968, Civil Rights during the Johnson Administration, 1963-1969, Reel 1 of 15, Part 1, Microfilm. (144)FBI, Stokely Carmichael—Advocate of "Black Power," no. 2099, March 23, 1967, p.6. (145)"Report from the Chairman," May 5, 1967, Records of SNCC Papers, 1959-1972, Reel 3 of 73, Microfilm. (146)Ivan Greenberg, The Dangers of Dissent: The FBI and Civil Liberties since 1965, p.115. (147)Stephan Thernstrom and Abigail Thernstrom, America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible, p.160. (148)David Wise, The American Police State: The Government against the People, p.320. (责任编辑：admin) |