⑥cElizabeth Deeds Ermarth,Sequel to History:Postmodernism and the Crisis of Representational Time(Princeton,1992),pp.6,7,9. ⑦cJean-Francois Lyotard,Toward the Postmodern,ed.Robert Harvey and Mark S.Roberts(Atlantic Highlands,N.J.,1993),pp.159-162. ①dRichard Wolin,The Terms of Cultural Criticism:the Frankfurt School,Existentialism,Poststructuralism(New York,1992),Part 3. ②d引自Alan Megill,Prophets of Extremity:Nietzsch,Heidegger,Foucault,Derrida(Berkeley,1985),p.234. ①e福柯著、王德成译:《知识的考古》(台北:麦田,1993年),第5、72、83页。考古学和系谱学方法可解释如下:历史分析所呈现的问题不再是追本溯源的问题,而是有关区别(division)、局限(Limits)的问题;他要研究形成新基础的转变过程,或新基础的重建因素。此考古学方法是“不重区分而重发展,不重各科关系的交互作用而重内部的变动,不是一个系统而是在毫无束缚的情况下孜孜工作,不是一个形式,而是一个自我中心意识的持续运作,试图找出最根本的生命状态。此一历史是专注,不容异质的工作,其最终目标是打破所有的范畴(形成一贯一统的局面。)” “系谱学反对传统历史方法,作为辅助考古学不足的地方,其目的是要”在任何单向的最终性之外,纪录事件中的奇特性’。” “系谱学在别人发现延续的发展之处找到间断性。它在别人发现进步和严肃性之处找到循环和游戏。它纪录人类的过去,以揭穿进步的圣歌。系谱学避免深入的追寻。它只寻找事件的表层,微小的细节,次要的转变和微妙的轮廓,……事物没有什么实质,实质是按外来的形式零零碎碎捏造出来的,……彻底的‘解心理学分析’(depsychologizes analysis)不把心理动机看成本源而只看成策略。” ②eFerdinand de Saussure,Course in General Linguistics,ed.Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye,tr.Roy Harris(La Salle,Ill.,1983)。福柯的相关讨论,主要见于The Order of Things:An Archaeology of the Human Sciences(New York,1970),pp.294-300.德里达的见于Of Grammatology,tr.Gayatie Spivak(Baltimore,1976)。 ③e罗蒂著:《解构》,第98页。 ①fAppleby,Telling the Truth about History.p.215. ②fPauline Marie Rosenau,Post-modernism and the Social Sociences:Insights,Inroads,and Intrusions(Princeton,1992)p.30. ③f杜声锋:《拉康结构主义精神分析学》(台北:远流,1988,第149-155页。) ④fPeter Novick,That Noble Dream:The"Objectivity Question"and the American Historical Profession(Cambridge,1988),pp.250-264. ①gGertrude Himmelfarb,The New History and the Old(Cambridge,Mass.,1987),pp.18-23. ②g"Text of Lynne V.Cheney's Report to the President,the Congress,and the American People on the Humanities in America,"Chronicle of Higher Education(September 21,1988),pp.A17-A23. ③gAppleby,Telling the Truth about History,pp.198-200. ④g利科(Paul Ricoeur):《历史学家的技艺与贡献:法国史学对史学理论的贡献》(香港:牛津大学出版社,1994年),第26页。 ⑤gGerard Noiriel,"Foucault and History:the Lessons of a Disillusion,"The Journal of Modern History,Vol.66-3(Sept.1994),pp.564-565.“历史工作室”的创始人之一有Gareth Stedman Jones,“比勒费德学派”史学家有H.U.Wehler,J.Kocka等。 ①hDavid Carr,"Narrative and the Real World:An Arguement for Continuity,"History and Theory,25(1986),pp.117-131. ②hHayden White,The Content of the Form:Narrative Discourse and Historical Representation(Baltimore,1987),pp.1 and 168. ③h同前注,P.35. ④hE.D.Ermarth,Sequel & History:Postmodernism and the Crisis of Representational Time(Princeton,1992),p.212. ⑤hSande Cohen Historical Culture:On the Recording of an Academic Discipline(Berkeley,1986),p.326. ①i同前注,第77页。 ②iHilary Putnam,Renewing Philosophy(Cambridge,Mass.,1992),p.133. ③iLouis O.Mink,"Narrative Form as a Cognitive Instrument,"The Writing of History,ed.R.H.Canary and H.Kozicki(Madison,1978),p.145. ④iHayden White,"The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality,"On Narrative,ed.W.J.T.Mitchell(Chicago,1981),p.4. ⑤iGerard Noiriel,Op,cit. ⑥i此辩论的记载见Andrew P.Norman,"Telling it Like it was:Historical Narratives on Their own Terms,"History and Theory,30(1991),pp.120-125. ⑦i同前注,第125-129页。 ①j同前注,第133-135页。 (责任编辑:admin)
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