(22)Demosthenes,Private Orations,4.36. (23)A.H.M.Jones,Athenian Democracy,The Jones Hopkins University Press,1995,P164. (24)A.Zimmern,The Greek Commonwealth:Politics and Economics in Fifth-Century Athens,Oxford University Press,1961,P177. (25)在伯罗奔尼撒的特洛真(Troizen)发现了一则公元前3世纪的法令铭文。该铭文描述了希波战争前提米斯托克利动员所有的雅典人、外邦人抵抗波斯入侵的事件。记载是这样的:“将军应该在告示板上逐船登记其他人的数量,雅典人依据德莫的记录,外来人与军事执政官登记在一起(笔者认为这里的“外来人”即为外邦人,因为梭伦时代用“外来人”即“Xenos”来指代所有来自外乡的人,包括已注册的外邦人和未注册的外来人,外邦人并不称作“Metics”;阿里斯托芬时代两个词才分别用于指代不同的人群,外邦人称作“Metics”,而未注册的外来人称作“Xenos”)。他们应当把他们列到名单上,然后分配到以每组一百人划分的二百个组中去,记下每组战船的名字以及指挥官和船长的名字,这样每一组就知道该登上哪一艘三层桨战船了。”(M.Dillon & L.Garland,Ancient Greece,Rouledge,London,1994,7.31.) (26)Thucydides,The History of Peloponnesian War,2.31.1-2;3.16.1. (27)Thucydides,The History of Peloponnesian War,2.13.6-7. (28)R.P.Duncan-Jones,'Metic numbers in Periclean Athens' Chiron 10,1980,P102. (29)Ps.Xenphon,The Constitution of the Atheniaas,I.12. (30)G.Glotz,Ancient Greece at Work:an Economic History of Greece,London,1926,P180. (31)M.Grant,The Classical Greeks,Michael Grant Publications Ltd,1989,P283. (32)Aristotle,Politics,1326a. (33)Xenophon,Ways and Means,II.1; II.7. (34)Isocrates,On the Peace,6.21. (35)Joint Association of Classical Teacher' s,The World of Athens,Cambridge University Press,1985,P227. (36)Isocrates,8.21. (37)A.Zimmern,The Greek Commonwealth:Politics and Economics in Fifth-Century Athens,Oxford University Press,1961,P178. (38)J.Pecirka,'A Note on Aristotle' s Conception of Citizenship and the role of foreigners in fourth century Athens',Eirene 6,1967,P25. (39)D.Whitehead,The Ideology of the Athenian Metic,the Cambridge Philological Society,1977,P18. (40)斯塔夫里阿诺斯:《全球通史》,上海社会科学院出版社1988年版,第57页。 (41)A.Diller,Race Mixture among the Greeks before Alexander,Greenwood Press,1971,P120. (42)Ps.Xenophon,The Constitution of the Athenians,II.7-8. (43)《罗念生全集》第4卷,《阿里斯托芬喜剧六种》,上海人民出版社2004年版,第235-236页。
(责任编辑:admin) |