(16)Fred Kaplan,The Wizards of Armageddon,pp.357-358. (17)Fred Kaplan,The Wizards of Armageddon,pp.357-358. (18)Henry Kissinger,White House Years,Boston:Little,Brown and Company,1979,p.196.截至1969年,美国与苏联在洲际弹道导弹、潜射导弹和远程轰炸机三个领域的数字对比分别是:1054,656,550;1050,160,150。参见P.Edward Haley,David M.Keithly and Jack Merritt,eds.,Nuclear Strategy,Arms Control,and the Future,Boulder:Westview Press,Inc.,1985,p.10。 (19)William Burr,“The Nixon Administration,the ‘Horror Strategy’,and the Search for Limited Nuclear Options,1969-1972”,pp.34-37. (20)National Security Study Memorandum 3,see Department of State,Foreign Relations of the United States,1969-1976,Volume ⅩⅩ Ⅹ Ⅳ,National Security Policy,1969-1972,Washington,D.C.:United States Government Printing Office,2011,p.2.Hereafter cited as FRUS,1969-1976,Vol.34. (21)Henry Kissinger,White House Years,p.216. (22)Fred Kaplan,The Wizards of Armageddon,p.366. (23)William Burr,“The Nixon Administration,the ‘Horror Strategy’,and the Search for Limited Nuclear Options,1969-1972” ,p.37. (24)Henry Kissinger,White House Years,p.217. (25)Lawrence Freedman,The Evolution of Unclear Strategy,p.377. (26)考夫曼、沃尔斯泰特、谢林等当时都是美国著名的战略学者,对核战略有着深刻而广泛的思考,特别是在“有限战争”、“恐怖平衡”、核威慑以及裁军等领域的研究颇有建树。更多内容参见刘磊《美国知识分子与美国核战略思想的演变(1945-1960)》,博士学位论文,华东师范大学历史系,2012年。 (27)Fred Kaplan,The Wizards of Armageddon,pp.367-368.1970年,美军装备了民兵Ⅲ导弹,这是美国第三代洲际弹道导弹的最新型号,可携带三个核弹头,误差在220-280米以内。见徐光裕《核战略纵横》,国防大学出版社1987年版,第183页。 (28)William Burr,“The Nixon Administration,the‘Horror Strategy’,and the Search for Limited Nuclear Options,1969-1972” ,p.70.有关福斯特小组的具体形成及运作的具体过程,请参见Terry Terriff,The Nixon Administration and the Making of U.S.Nuclear Strategy,pp.97-158。 (29)韦斯同时也是国家安全委员会国防项目评估委员会(Defense Program Review Committee)成员,多次参与国防政策的讨论和评估。参见FRUS,1969-1976,Vol.34,pp.629,715,804,931. (30)Fred Kaplan,The Wizards of Armageddon,pp.368-369,372.施莱辛格于1969年2月离开兰德公司,进入尼克松政府任职后。一直在华盛顿工作(历任代理预算局长、原子能委员会主席、中央情报局长直到任国防部长,他个人深得尼克松信任),始终与五角大楼军事政策研究团队保持着密切联系。特别是他于1972年12月担任中情局长的时候,就十分了解“福斯特小组”的工作。鉴于他丰富的背景与经历,在与政府安全政策研究的核心人员保持密切联系和交流的过程中,自己的思想和研究成果也对他们产生了不可忽视的影响。 (31)HAK Talking Points DOD Strategic Targeting Study Briefing,Thursday,July 27,1972,and Odeen to Kissinger,Secretary Laird' s Memo to the President Dated December 26,1972,National Security Archives,http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB173/,2013年2月19日. (32)Memorandum from Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger to Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs[Henry Kissinger],13 July 1973,enclosing “NSSM 169 Summary Report”,8 June 1973,p.5,National Security Archives,http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB173/,2013年2月19日. (33)Memorandum from Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger to Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs[Henry Kissinger] ,13 July 1973,enclosing “NSSM 169 Summary Report,” 8 June 1973,p.1. (34)National Security Decision Memorandum 242,“Policy for Planning the Employment of Nuclear Weapons,” January 17,1974,pp.1-2,National Security Archives,http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB173/,2013年2月19日. (35)National Security Decision Memorandum 242,“Policy for Planning the Employment of Nuclear Weapons,” January 17,1974,pp.2-4.
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