|
注释： ①《大宪章》在1215年签订时其实叫“和平条约”(Treaty of Peace)，而《大宪章》(全称magna cart libertatum或The greatcharter of liberties，简称Magna Carta或Great Charter)这个名称是1217年以后才正式确立的。在内容上，1217年版的《大宪章》把关于森林的一部分独立出来，也叫《森林宪章》。后代君主不断确认的其实是1225年亨利三世成年后重新发布的《大宪章》。实际上，“大宪章”这个译名也是值得推敲的，将之译成“特权大令状”或“大令状”则更为妥帖。基于学术界对这一译名已经约定俗成多年，本文暂且以之来论述。 ②Bllis Sandoz,The Roots of Liberty:Magna Carta,Ancient Constitution,and the Anglo-American Tradition of Rule of Law,Columbia,1993,p.2. ③http://magnacarta800th.com/ ④N.Zacour,An Introduction to Medieval Institutions,London,1978,p.123. ⑤N.Zacour,An Introduction to Medieval Institutions,p.129. ⑥J.Dickinson,ed.& trans.,The Statesman's Book of John of Salisbury,New York,1927,p.65. ⑦A.L.Poole,From Domesday Book to Magna Carta,Oxford,1955,pp.5-7,10-11. ⑧D.C.Douglas & G.W.Greenaway,ed.,English Historical Documents,London,1955,V.2,p.401. ⑨J.C.Dickinson,An Ecclesiastical History of England in the Middle Ades,London,V.2,p.137. ⑩The Statesman's Book of John of Salisbury,ed.& translated by J.Dickinson,New York,1927,p.3. (11)Glanville,translated by J.Beames,Colorado,1980,p.27. (12)J.C.Dickinson,An Ecclesiastical History of England in the Middle Ages,London,1979,v.2,p.226. (13)C.W.S.Barrow,Feudal Britain,London,1983,p.99. (14)E.Miller & J.Hatcher,Medieval England:Rural Society and Economic Changes,London,1980,p.66. (15)J.C.Holt,Magna Carta and Medieval Government,London,1985,p.136; J.A.P.Jones,King John and Magna Carta,London,1971,pp.71-72. (16)J.A.P.Jones,King John and Magna Carta,pp.25-27. (17)Ch.Petit-Dutaillis,Feudal Monarchy of England and France,London,1936,p.130. (18)D.C.Douglas,ed.,English Historical Documents,London,1975,V.3,pp.316-324. (19)David Carpenter,Magna Carta,London:Penguin books,2015,p.467. (20)有关这方面的论述，还可参考蔺志强教授的论文《中古英国政府对地方特权的政策初探》，《中山大学学报》2010年第3期。 (21)W.S.Mckechnie,Magna Carta:A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John,Glasgow,1914,p.115. (22)Ralph V.Turner,John King England's Evil King? Stroud,2009,p.187. (23)S.Painter,Studies in the History of English Barony,New York,1980,p.61. (24)I.J.Sanders,ed.,Documents of the Baronial Movement of Reform and Rebellion 1258-1267,Oxford,p.298. (25)I.J.Sanders,ed.,Documents of the Baronial Movement of Reform and Rebellion 1258-1267,p.312. (26)T.Wright,ed & trans,Political Songs of England:From the Reign of John to that of Edward Ⅱ,Cambridge,1996,p.72. (27)T.Wright,ed & trans,Political Songs of England:From the Reign of John to that of Edward Ⅱ,p.116. (28)B.Wilkinson,Constitutional History of England,1216-1399,With Select Documents,London,1952,V.1,p.228. (29)B.Wilkinson,Constitutional History of England,1216-1399,With Select Documents,V.1,pp.220-221. (30)B.Wilkinson,Constitutional History of England,1216-1399,V.1,pp.226-228. (31)D.W.Hanson,From Kingdom to Commonwealth,Cambridge,1970,p.157. (32)C.Stephenson & F.G.Marcham edited & translated,Sources of English Constitutional History:A Selection of Documents from A.D.600 to the Present,New York,1937.pp.193-198. (33)R.V.Turner,Magna Carta:Through the Ages,London,2003,p.121. (34)R.V.Turner,Magna Carta:Through the Ages,p.122. (35)R.V.Turner,Magna Carta:Through the Ages,p.122. (36)C.J.Nederman,ed.,Political Thought in Early Fourteenth-Century England,London,2002,p.84. (37)C.J.Nederman,ed.,Political Thought in Early Fourteenth-Century England,p.96. (38)G.Hindley,The book of Magna Carta,London,1990,p.181. (39)A.Tuck,Crown and Nobility 1272-1461,London,1985,p.220. (40)A.R.Myers ed.,English Historical Documents,Volume Ⅳ,1327-1485,London,1969,pp.407-414. (41)R.V.Turner,Magna Carta:Through the Ages,p.130. (42)R.V.Turner,Magna Carta:Through the Ages,p.132. (43)Sir John Fortescue,De Laudibus Legum Anglie,ed.& translated by H.D.Hazeltine,Cambridge,1942,General Preface,p.81; Sir John Fortescue,On the Laws and Governance,ed.by S.Lockwood,Cambridge,1997,p.90. (44)G.Richardson,Renaissance Monarchy,London:Oxford,2002,Introduction,pp.2,118,196. (45)R.V.Turner,Magna Carta:Through the Ages,p.135. (46)Bllis Sandoz,The Roots of Liberty,Introduction,p.89. (47)Bllis Sandoz,The Roots of Liberty,Introduction,p.6. (48)Bllis Sandoz,The Roots of Liberty,Introduction,p.89. (49)R.V.Turner,Magna Carta:Through the Ages,p.141. (50)Bllis Sandoz,The Roots of Liberty,Introduction,p.77. (51)《马克思恩格斯选集》，第1卷，人民出版社，1975年版，第31页。 (52)Maurice Ashley,Magna Carta in the Seventeenth Century,Virginia,1965,p.4. (53)Edward Jenks,The Myth of Magna Carta,Independent Review,No.4(1904),pp.260-268; Max Radin,The Myth of Magna Carta,Harvard Law Review,Vol.60,No.7(Sep.,1947),pp.1060-1063. (54)赫伯特·巴特菲尔德：《历史的辉格解释》，张岳明、刘北成译，商务印书馆2012版，第16、17页、序言、第97、18页。 （本文刊于《史学史研究》2016年第2期） (责任编辑：admin) |