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注释： ①http.//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splendid_isolation; C.H.D.Howard,Splendid Isolation(London:Macmillan,1967) 14-15.John Clarke,Britich Diplomacy and Foreign Policy 1782-1865:the National Interest(London:Unwin Hyman Ltd,1989) 299. ②关于和平均势外交政策可参见刘成：《和平外交与欧洲均势》，《苏州大学学报》2012年第5期。 ③Castlereagh's State Paper of 1820:Minute of the Cabinet,5 May 1820.http://historyhome.co.uk/forpol/statepap.htm ④The Parliamentary Debates,Vol.viii.Comprising the Period from the Fourth Day of February,1803 to the Thirtieth Day of April,1823,London,pp.1137-8. ⑤Quoted in E.M.Lloyd,"Canning and Spanish America," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society,New Series 18(1904):80. ⑥Canning to Wellington,27 Sept,1822,in Norihito Yamada,"George Canning and the Spanish Question,September 1822 to March 1827," The Historical Journal 52.2(June 2009):348. ⑦Hansard,HC Deb,1 March 1848,Vol.97,c.123. ⑧Hansard's Parliamentary Debate,Hansard,HC Deb,1 March 1848,Vol.97,c.122 ⑨关于炮舰外交政策可参见刘成：《论帕默斯顿的炮舰外交》，《英国研究》第4辑，南京：南京大学出版社，2012年。 ⑩Michael Lynch,An Introduction to Nineteenth-Century British History 1800-1914,Hodder Murray.1999,p.151. (11)(12)(13)Hansard Parliamentary Debates,HC Deb,20 July 1866,vol.184,cc.1253-1255,1218,1248. (14)John Lowe,Britain and Foreign Affairs,1815-1885(London and New York:Routledge,1998) 68. (15)John Clarke,Britich Diplomacy and Foreign Policy 1782-1865:the National Interest(London:Unwin Hyman Ltd,1989) 290,224. (16)Hansard Parliamentary Debates,HL Deb,11 July 1870,vol.203,cc.1-4. (17)Hansard,HC Deb 11 August 1876,vol 231,cc.1140-1146. (18)Hansard,HL Deb,20 February 1877,vol.232,c.626. (19)Hansard,HC Deb,14 May 1877 vol.234 c.978. (20)C.J.Lowe,The Reluctant Imperialists,British Foreign Policy 1878-1902,vol.1(London:Routledge &K.Paul,1967) 19. (21)(22)Judith Telford,British Foreign Policy 1870-1914(London:Blackie & Son Limited,1978) 9,4. (23)关于两人外交政策的比较分析可参见刘成：《论英国迪斯雷利与格拉斯顿时期的外交政策》，《世界近现代史研究》第11辑，北京：社会科学文献出版社，2014年。 (24)From Lord Salisbury's Speech to The Primrose League,May 4.1898,http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?.res=F20C1FFF345911738DDDA10994DD405B8885F0D3. (25)D.Gillard,"Salisbury," Keith.M.wilson ed.,British foreign Secretaries and foreign Policy from Crimean War to First War(London:Routledge Kegan & Paul,1986) 132. (26)格拉斯顿的政策目标是削减武器，俾斯麦采取的是增强军备的政策，这决定了两人不可能有真正的合作。E.T.S.Dugdale selected and translated,Bismarck' Relations with England 1871-1890(NeW York & London:Happer & Brothers Publishers) xxviii. (27)Count Münster to the German Foreign Office,June  ,1885; Count Herbert Bismarck to Count Münster,E.T.S.Dugdale selected and translated,Bismarck' Relations with England 1871-1890,June  (New York & London:Happer & Brothers Publishers,1885) 207.(28)Lord Salisbury to Prince Bismarck,July  ,1885; Prince Bismarck to Lord Salisbury,E.T.S.Dugdale selected and translated,Bismarck' Relations with England 1871-1890,July  (New York & London:Happer & Brothers Publishers,1885) 208-209.(29)Graham D.Goodlad,British Foreign and Imperial Policy,1865-1919(London and New York:Routledge,2000) 59. (30)C.J.Lowe,The Reluctant Imperialists,British Foreign Policy 1878-1902,vol.1(London:Routledge &K.Paul,1967) 94-5. (31)Salisbury's cabinet report to Queen Victoria on the first Mediterranean agreement,10 February 1887.in Graham D.Goodlad,British Foreign and Imperial Policy,1865-1919(London and New York:Routledge,2000) 63. (32)Salisbury's letter to Sir William White,British Ambassador at Constantinople,on the second Mediterranean agreement,2 November 1887.in Graham D.Goodlad,British Foreign and Imperial Policy,1865-1919(London and New York:Routledge,2000) 63. (33)C.J.Lowe,The Reluctant Imperialists,British Foreign Policy 1878-1902,vol.1(London:Routledge &K.Paul,1967) 120. (34)C.J.Lowe,The Reluctant Imperialists,British Foreign Policy 1878-1902,vol.2(London:Routledge &K.Paul,1967) 11. (35)Graham D.Goodlad,British Foreign and Imperial Policy,1865-1919(London and New York:Routledge,2000) 56. (36)Stephen J.Lee,Aspects of British Political History,1815-1914(London & New York:Routledge,1994) 254; R.Seton-Watson,Britain in Europe,1789-1914(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1937) 544. (37)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela_Crisis_of_1895 (38)Martin Roberts,Britain 1846-1964:the Challenge of Change(Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001) 6. (39)(40)Hansard,HC Deb,12 April 1897,vol.48,cc.970、998. (41)J.A.S.Grenville,Lord Salisbury and Foreign Policy:The Close of the Nineteenth Century(London:Athlone Press,1964) 165. (42)Hansard,HC Deb,08 February 1898,vol.53,c.134. (43)Hansard,HC Deb,05 April 1898,vol.56,c.281. (44)Hansard,HC Deb,08 February 1898,vol.53,c.134. (45)(46)(47)Hansard,HC Deb,13 February 1902,vol.102,cc.1284-1285,1294,1273. (48)(50)Stephen J.Lee,Aspects of British Political History,1815-1914(London & New York:Routledge,1994) 261,252. (49)Keith M.Wilson,The Policy of the Entente:The Determinants of British Foreign Policy,1904-1914(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985). (51)Graham D.Goodlad,British Foreign and Imperial Policy,1865-1919(London and New York:Routledge,2000) 70. (52)Balfour MSS 48758.quoted from C.J.Lowe,The Reluctant Imperialists,British Foreign Policy 1878-1902,vol.1(London:Routledge &K.Paul,1967) 250; Graham D.Goodlad,British Foreign and Imperial Policy,1865-1919(London and New York:Routledge,2000) 41. (53)Richard F.Hamilton,Origins of World War One(Cambridge University Press,2003) 16-7. (54)英国战前结盟政策详情可参见刘成：《一战前英国对欧政策的演变》，《历史教学》2014年第6期。 (55)Judith Telford,British Foreign Policy 1870-1914(London:Blackie &Son Limited,1978) 75. (56)Hansard Parliamentary Debates,Hansard,HC Deb 03,August 1914,vol.65,cc.1809-1823. （本文刊于《复旦学报：社会科学版》2016年第4期） (责任编辑：admin) |