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注释： ①译者注：在论文翻译过程中，作者查理斯·齐卡教授对我们进行了耐心的指导和帮助。在国内学界，情感史仍属一门新兴的历史学科，且该文涉及很多有关西方宗教史、文化史、社会学和心理学等方面的知识，因此，我们在理解和翻译论文的过程中遇到一些问题。我们通过电子邮件反复向教授寻求帮助和征求意见。教授十分重视我们提出的问题，有问必答、悉心指导，最终使我们较为准确地理解和翻译了这篇论文，在此表示感谢。为方便国内读者阅读和理解，作者和译者补充的内容均采用“译者注”的形式加以说明。 ②Nicole Eustace et al.,"AHR Conversation:The Historical Study of Emotions," The American Historical Review,Vol.117,No.5,Dec.2012,p.1487; Jan Plamper,The History of Emotions:An Introduction,Keith Tribe trans.,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2015,p.63. ③Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,pp.237-265;"Forum:History of Emotions," German History,Vol.28,No.1,March 2010,pp.67-80; Nicole Eustace et al.,"AHR Conversation:The Historical Study of Emotions," The American Historical Review,Vol.117,No.5,Dec.2012,pp.1487-1531. ④国际历史科学大会每5年举办一届。第22届国际历史科学大会“历史化的情感”主题会议共分为四场，分别为“情感、资本主义与市场”“情感与‘他者’的塑造”“身体和空间中的情感”以及“历史化的情感：理论和方法论”。作者查理斯·齐卡教授正是第二场和第四场主题会议的评议人。议题由德国柏林马克斯·普朗克人类发展研究所情感史研究中心和澳大利亚研究院情感史高级研究中心负责召集。 ⑤译者注：“普遍主义”和“社会建构主义”是国际学界有关情感史研究的两大流派。前者主张情感具有普遍性且可以超越时间和空间，而后者则认为情感是时代文化的产物。 ⑥Thomas Dixon,From Passions to Emotions:The Creation of a Secular Psychological Category,New York:Cambridge University Press,2003. ⑦Jan Plamper,The History of Emotions:An Introduction,Keith Tribe trans.,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2015,pp.43-49. ⑧Lucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,p.25. ⑨Lucien Febvre,"La sensibilité et l'histoire:Comment reconstituer la vie affective d' autrefois?" Annales d'histoire sociale,Vol.3,No.(1/2),1941,pp.5-20; Lucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,p.24. ⑩Lucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,p.25. (11)Lucien Febvre,"Histoire et psychologie," in Eucyclopédie  ,Vol.8,No.8,1938,pp.8-12; Lucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,pp.1-11.(12)Johan Huizinga,Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen:studie over levens-en gedachtenvormen der veertiende en vijftiende eeuw in Frankrijk en de Nederlanden,Haarlem:Tjeenk Willink,1919; Johan Huizinga,The Waning of the Middle Ages:A Study of the Forms of Life,Thought and Art in France and the Netherlands in the XIVth and XVth Centuries,London:Edward Arnold & Co.,1924; Johan Huizinga,The Autumn of the Middle Ages,Rodney Payton and Ulrich Mammitzsch trans.,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1996. (13)Lucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,pp.7-8,17-19. (14)Lucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,p.18. (15)Lucien Febvre,"Sensibility and History:How to Reconstitute the Emotional Life of the Past," in Peter Burke ed.,A New Kind of History:From the Writings of Febvre,K.Folca trans.,New York:Harper & Row,1973,p.14. (16)Norbert Elias,The Civilizing Process,Edmund Jephcott trans.,New York:Urizen Books,1978; Norbert Elias,State Formation and Civilization,Edmund Jephcott trans.,Oxford:Blackwell,1982; Norbert Elias,The Civilizing Process:Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations,Eric Dunning ed.,Edmund Jephcott trans.,Malden:Blackwell Publishing,2010. (17)译者注。 (18)Hans Peter Duerr,Nacktheit und Scham:Der Mythos vom Zivilisatiansprozess,Vol.1,Frankfurt:Suhrkamp,1988. (19)Barbara Rosenwein,"Worrying about Emotions in History," The American Historical Review,Vol.107,No.3,June 2002,pp.826-828,834-845. (20)Edward Shorter,The Making of the Modern Family,New York:Basic Books,1975; Lawrence Stone,The Family,Sex and Marriage in England,1500-1800,London:Weidenfeld & Nicolson,1977. (21)Barbara Hanawalt,"Childrearing among the Lower Classes of Late Medieval England," Journal of Interdisciplinary History,Vol.8,No.1,Summer 1977,pp.1-22; Barbara Hanawalt,Growing Up in Medieval London:The Experience of Childhood in History,New York:Oxford University Press,1993; Barbara Hanawalt,"Medievalists and the Study of Childhood," Speculum,Vol.77,No.2,April 2002,pp.440-460; Richard Trexler,"In Search of Father:The Experience of Abandonment in the Recollections of Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli," History of Childhood Quarterly,Vol.3,No.2,1975,pp.225-252. (22)Erik Erikson,Young Man Luther:A Study in Psychoanalysis and History,London:Faber,1958; Arthur Mitzman,The Iron Cage:An Historical Interpretation of Max Weber,New York:Knopf,1970. (23)Lloyd de Mause ed.,The History of Childhood,New York:Harper & Row,1974. (24)译者注：作者此处主要解释“女巫”性幻想的由来。“女巫”在遭受审判时，常以为教士对自己的指控是真实的，于是确信自己同魔鬼有来往、过着不道德的生活。这些幻想同“女巫”拥有的复杂情感(如憎恨、嫉妒、痛苦等)和个人经历有关，反映出在男性话语权下“女巫”对情感与文化的理解程度。 (25)Lyndal Roper,Oedipus and the Devil:Witchcraft,Sexuality and Religion in Early Modern Europe,London:Routledge,1994,pp.19-20. (26)Peter Gay,The Bourgeois Experience:Victoria to Freud,New York:Oxford University Press,1984-1989. (27)Jean Delumeau,La peur en Occident(XIVe-XVIIIe siècles):une cité assiégée,Paris:Fayard,1978. (28)Jean Delumeau,Le péché et la peur:la culpabilisation en Occident,XIIIe-XVIIIe siècles,Paris:Fayard,1983; Jean Delumeau,Sin and Fear:The Emergence of a Western Guilt Culture,13th-18th Centuries,Eric Nicholson trans.,New York:St.Martin's Press,1990. (29)译者注：作者进一步指出，人们担心自己会被世界(爱情和性欲望)诱惑和污染，因此，这些爱情和性欲望常被等同于恶魔而被人们回避和蔑视。 (30)译者注。 (31)Jan Plamper,The History of Emotions:An Introduction,Keith Tribe trans.,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2015,p.52. (32)译者注：作者进一步指出，人类可以通过集体活动克服恐惧情感，比如祈祷、鞭打、忏悔、烧珠宝等。 (33)Peter Stearns and Carol Stearns,"Emotionology:Clarifying the History of Emotions and Emotional Standards," The American Historical Review,Vol.90,No.4,Oct.1985. (34)Peter Stearns and Carol Stearns,"Emotionology:Clarifying the History of Emotions and Emotional Standards," The American Historical Review,Vol.90,No.4,Oct.1985,p.815. (35)Peter Stearns and Carol Stearns,"Emotionology:Clarifying the History of Emotions and Emotional Standards," The American Historical Review,Vol.90,No.4,Oct.1985,p.816. (36)Peter Stearns and Carol Stearns,"Emotionology:Clarifying the History of Emotions and Emotional Standards," The American Historical Review,Vol.90,No.4,Oct.1985,p.813. (37)译者注：作者进一步指出，如果仅从字面上理解“情感学”，极易将其等同于“情感的研究”，实则不然。“情感学”是指“有关情感规范的研究”，主要研究“情感规范”的形成与变化以及在社会生活中“情感规范”被人们理解、接受、管理和拒绝的过程，而非人们实际的情感行为和情感实践。 (38)Carol Stearns and Peter Stearns,Anger:The Struggle for Emotional Control in America's History,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1986. (39)Peter Stearns,Jealousy:The Evolution of an Emotion in American History,New York:New York University Press,1989. (40)Peter Stearns,American Cool:Constructing a Twentieth-Century Emotional Style,New York:New York University Press,1994; Peter Stearns,Battleground of Desire:The Struggle for Self-Control in Modern America,New York:New York University Press,1999. (41)Barbara Rosenwein,"Worrying about Emotions in History," The American Historical Review,Vol.107,No.3,June 2002,pp.824-826. (42)译者注：作者进一步指出，斯特恩斯在研究社会的“情感标准”时，选取“大众阶层”作为研究对象，认为中产阶级可以通过阅读书籍理解和学习有关情感表达的方式和准则。然而，在前现代社会，民众识字率较低，这类书籍只能在贵族精英阶层间流通，产生的影响十分有限。 (43)Jan Plamper,The History of Emotions:An Introduction,Keith Tribe trans.,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2015,pp.60-62. (44)译者注：“e-motion”指“9·11”事件后人们借助电子通信方式交流和表达情感的方式。 (45)译者注。 (46)Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,pp.237-241. (47)William Reddy,The Navigation of Feeling:A Framework for the History of Emotions,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001. (48)Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,p.238. (49)译者注。 (50)Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,p.240; William Reddy,"Against Constructionism:The Historical Ethnography of Emotions," Current Anthropology,Vol.38,No.3,June 1997,pp.330-335. (51)译者注：换言之，情感是认知活动，有着相同的目标并且是无意识的。See William Reddy,The Navigation of Feeling:A Framework for the History of Emotions,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001,p.94. (52)William Reddy,"Saying Something New:Practice Theory and Cognitive Neuroscience," Arcadia,Vol.44,No.1,August 2009,pp.22-23. (53)译者注：作者进一步指出，这里的“领域”(domains)等于“范围”(areas)，主要指“努力”在人类生活、活动、行为等方面发挥了重要的作用。 (54)William Reddy,The Navigation of Feeling:A Framework for the History of Emotions,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001,pp.122-124. (55)Barbara Rosenwein,Rhinoceros Bound:Cluny in the Tenth Century,Philadelphi:University of Pennsylvania Press,1982; Barbara Rosenwein,To Be the Neighbor of Saint Peter:The Social Meaning of Cluny's Property,909-1049,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1989. (56)Barbara Rosenwein,Anger's Past:The Social Uses of an Emotion in the Middle Ages,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1998. (57)译者注：作者进一步指出，“转折点”即“变化”(changes)。 (58)Barbara Rosenwein,Anger's Past:The Social Uses of an Emotion in the Middle Ages,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1998,pp.237-243. (59)Barbara Rosenwein,"Worrying about Emotions in History," The American Historical Review,Vol.107,No.3,June 2002,pp.821-845; Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,pp.250-252. (60)译者注。 (61)Barbara Rosenwein,"Worrying about Emotions in History," The American Historical Review,Vol.107,No.3,June 2002,pp.834-837. (62)Barbara Rosenwein,"Worrying about Emotions in History," The American Historical Review,Vol.107,No.3,June 2002,p.842; Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,pp.252-253. (63)Barbara Rosenwein,Emotional Communities in the Early Middle Ages,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,2006,p.24. (64)Jan Plamper,"The History of Emotions:An Interview with William Reddy,Barbara Rosenwein and Peter Stearns," History and Theory,Vol.49,No.2,May 2010,pp.255-259; Barbara Rosenwein,"Problems and Methods in the History of Emotions," Passions in Context:International Journal for the History and Theory of Emotions 1,No.1,2010,pp.19-24,online at http://www.passionsincontext.de/. (65)Barbara Rosenwcin,"Theories of Change in the History of Emotions," in Jonas Liliequist ed.,A History of Emotions,1200-1800,London:Picketing & Chatto,2012,pp.18-20. (66)Pascal Eitler and Monique Scheer,"Emotionengeschichte als K  rpergeschichte:Eine heuristische Perspektive auf religi se Konversionen im 19.und 20.Jahrhundert," Geschichte und Gesellschaft,Vol.35,No.2,2009,pp.290-293.(67)Monique Scheer,"Are Emotions a Kind of Practice(and Is That What Makes Them Have a History)? A Bourdieuan Approach to Understanding Emotion," History and Theory,Vol.51,No.2,May 2012,pp.193-220. (68)Monique Scheer,"Are Emotions a Kind of Practice(and Is That What Makes Them Have a History)? A Bourdieuan Approach to Understanding Emotion," History and Theory,Vol.51,No.2,May 2012,pp.209-220. (69)Benno Gammerl,"Emotional Styles:Concepts and Challenges," Rethinking History,Vol.16,No.2,May 2012,pp.161-175; Mark Seymour,"Emotional Arenas:From Provincial Circus to National Courtroom in Late Nineteenth-Century Italy," Rethinking History,Vol.16,No.2,May 2012,pp.177-197. (70)Ute Frevert et al.,Emotional Lexicons:Continuity and Change in the Vocabulary of Feeling,1700-2000,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2014. (71)Susan Broomhall ed.,Early Modern Emotions:An Introduction,London:Routledge,2017. (72)Barbara Rosenwein,Generations of Feeling:A History of Emotions,600-1700,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2016. (73)Piroska Nagy and Damien Boquet,ed.,Le sujet desémotions au moyen  ,Paris:Beauchesne,2008; Piroska Nagy and Damien Boquet,ed.,Sensible Moyen  :Une histoire des émotions dans l'Occident medieval,Paris:Seuil,2015.(74)Susan Karant-Nunn,The Reformation of Feeling:Shaping the Religions Emotions in Early Modern Germany,New York:Oxford University Press,2009. (75)Ute Frevert,Emotions in History:Lost and Found,Budapest:Central European University Press,2011. (76)William Reddy,"Historical Research on the Self and Emotions," Emotion Review,Vol.1,No.4,Oct.2009,pp.302-315. (77)Susan Broomhall and Sarah Finn ed.,Violence and Emotions in Early Modern Europe,London:Routledge,2016; Michael Champion and Andrew Lynch ed.,Understanding Emotions in Early Europe,Turnhout:Brepols,2015; David Lemmings and Ann Brooks ed.,Emotions and Social Change:Historical and Sociological Perspectives,New York:Routledge,2014; Jonas Liliequist,ed.,A History of Emotions,1200-1800,London:Picketing & Chatto,2012; Susan Matt and Peter Stearns ed.,Doing Emotions History,Urbana:University of Illinois Press,2014; Jennifer Spinks and Charles Zika ed.,Disaster,Death and the Emotions in the Shadow of the Apocalypse,1400-1700,Abingdon:Palgrave Macmillan,2016. (78)William Reddy,The Making of Romantic Love:Longing and Sexuality in Europe,South Asia,and Japan,900-1200,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2012; Susan Matt,Keeping up with the Joneses:Envy in American Consumer Society,1890-1930,Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,2003; Joanna.Bourke,Fear:A Cultural History,London:Virago,2007; Michael Laffan and Weiss ed.,Facing Fear:the History of an Emotion in Global Perspective,Princeton:Princeton University Press,2012. （原文刊于《社会科学战线》2017年第10期） (责任编辑：admin) |