(27) G.Rauf Roashan,The Left Foo tof Zeus.http://www.institute-for-afghan-studies.org/Contributions/Commen-taries/DRRoashanArch/2001_04_27_foot_of_zeus.htm. (28) 有关图像参见Paul Bernard,An Ancient Greek city in Central Asia,p.150,151,158; Ai khanum on the Oxus:A Hellenistic City in Central Asia,PLATE VI. (29) 见Francois Chamoux,Hellenistic Civilization,Blackwell Publishing,MA.USA,p.321;雅诺什·哈尔马塔主编,徐文堪、芮传明译:《中亚文明史》第2卷,第84~85页。 (30) 在帕提亚都城尼萨遗址上也发现了这样的泥塑女神像,时间被定于约前150年~公元100年间。参见Edited by Amelie Kuhrt and Susan Sherwin-White,Hellenism in the East,Duckworth,London,1987,Plate,VⅢ,p.153. (31) 在此遗址上已发现了4例石刻铭文,两份写本,以及约30份刻在瓶子上的简明财政记录。雅诺什·哈尔马塔主编,徐文堪、芮传明译:《中亚文明史》第2卷,第73页。 (32) 关于这些格言的英译至少有4种,大同小异,这里参照以下二者译成。其一为L.Robert的译文:“When a child show yourself well behaved; when a young man,self-controlled; in middle age,just; as an old man,a good counselor; at the end of your life,free from sorrow.”引自M.M.Austin,The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest,A selection of ancient sources in translation,No.192.p.315.另一为Bernard 的译文:“In child-hood,learn good manners; in youth learn to control your passions; in middle age learn to be just; in old age learn to be of wise counsel; die without regret.”引自Paul Bernard,An Ancient Greek city in Central Asia,p.157. (33) F.W,Walbank,The Hellenistic World,p.60. (34) Josef Wiesehofer,Ancient Persia From 550BC to 650AD,London:I.B.Tauris Publishers,1996,p.114. (35) F.W,Walbank,The Hellenistic World,p.61. (36) 有学者认为,该城遗址显示了希腊、巴克特里亚、波斯、美索不达米亚四种艺术形式的融合。Josef Wiesehofer,Ancient Persia From 550BC to 650AD,p.114. (37) Paul Bernard,An Ancient Greek city in Central Asia,p.159. (38) 参见Edited by Amelie Kuhrt and Susan Sherwin-White,Hellenism in the East,p.142. (39) Paul Bernard,Ai khanum on the Oxus:A Hellenistic City in Central Asia,pp.77~78. (40) 参见Paul Bernard,An Ancient Greek city in Central Asia,p.158;雅诺什·哈尔马塔主编,徐文堪、芮传明译:《中亚文明史》第2卷,第88页。库柏勒崇拜起源于小亚的弗律癸亚(Phrygia),后来希腊人将她与他们的瑞亚女神(Rhea)崇拜相混合,成为“瑞亚·库柏勒”崇拜。此处所引二文(作者均为P.伯尔纳)将库柏勒说成是希腊的自然女神,似有不妥。 (41) Paul Bernard,An Ancient Greek city in Central Asia,pp.158~159. (42) 雅诺什·哈尔马塔主编,徐文堪、芮传明译:《中亚文明史》第2卷,第79页。 (43) Paul Bernard,An Ancient Greek city in Central Asia,pp.157~158. (44) 有学者认为,卫城西南角的墩座型露天神庙可能就是为了举行波斯式的宗教仪式而建。Edited by Amelie Kuhrt and Susan Sherwin-White,Hellenism in the East,p.146.若依此说,这种波斯宗教仪式或可与琐罗亚斯德教的拜火仪式有关。 (45) Edited by Amelie Kuhrt and Susan Sherwin-White,Hellenism in the East,pp.139~140,142. (46) Moses Hadas,Hellenistic Culture,New York,1972,p.189. (47) Paul Bernard对此就有不同的说法。他在1967年撰文说:该遗址在前100年左右遭受到一场大火的袭击,使它突然毁灭,但未真正破坏它的原貌。(见Ai khanum on the Oxus:A Hellenistic City in Central Asia,p.75.)1982年他却含糊地说,大约前145年前后,阿伊·哈努姆的希腊人被游牧民族的入侵者赶了出来。(见An Ancient Greek city in Central Asia,p.148.)是经过一场攻守战后,希腊人城破逃走,还是未经抵抗,希腊人就闻风弃城而去?没有说明。
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