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⑦参见Jonathan R. Dull, A Diplomatic History of the American Revolution, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1985, p.53. ⑧参见John Adams to Horatio Gates, March 23，1776, in Paul H. Smith, ed., Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789, vol.Ⅲ， Washington: Library of Congress, 1978, p. 431. ⑨Franklin et al., Committee of Secret Correspondence to Silas Deane, March 3, 1776, in Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol. Ⅱ， pp. 78-79. ⑩Dumas to the Committee of Secret Correspondence, May 14, 1776, in Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol. Ⅱ， p. 91. （11）Committee of Secret Correspondence to Deane, October 1, 1776, in Giunta, ed., Documents of the Emerging Nation: U. S. Foreign Relations 1775-1789, p. 5. （12）Franklin to Joseph Priestley, July 7, 1775, in William B. Willcox, ed., The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 22, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1982, p.92. （13）详见The Committee of Secret Correspondence: Instruction to Silas Deane, March 3, 1776, in Willcox, ed., The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 22, pp. 371-374. （14）从1763年到1775年这一时期，法国档案中的回忆录、日记、信件和报告充斥着相同的目的，即对英国进行报复，对其商业以致命打击，恢复法国的商业，最终重振法国在欧洲的威望。参见C. H. Van Tyne, “French Aid before the Allianceof 1778,” The American Historical Review，vol.Ⅲ，no. 1（October 1925），p.23. （15）舒瓦瑟尔公爵的观点详见Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol.Ⅰ， pp. 330-331. （16）详见Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol.Ⅰ， p. 417. （17）卡尔布提交报告的主要内容详见Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol.Ⅰ， pp. 417-418. （18）Franklin to Samuel Cooper, September 30, 1769, in Willcox, ed., The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 22, p. 211. （19）Achard de Bonvouloir to Comte de Guines, December 28, 1775, in Giunta, ed., Documents of the Emerging Nation: U. S. Foreign Relations 1775-1789, p.11. （20）详见Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol.Ⅰ， pp. 335-336. （21）详见Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol.Ⅰ， p.371. （22）详见Comte de Vergennes: Considerations on the Affairs of the English Colonies in America, March 12, 1776, in Giunta, ed., Documents of the Emerging Nation: U. S. Foreign Relations 1775-1789, pp. 18-24. （23）详见Joseph Matthias Gérard de Rayneval: Reflections on the Situation in America, April 1776, in Giunta, ed., Documents of the Emerging Nation: U. S. Foreign Relations 1775-1789, pp. 24-29. （24）参见Vergennes to Louis ⅩⅥ，May 2,1776, in Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol.Ⅱ，pp. 89-90. （25）这一过程详见Blanche Evans Hazard, Beaumarchais and the American Revolution, Boston: Edwin L. Stocome, the Printer, 1910, pp. 13，20. （26）Arthur Lee to the Committee of Secret Correspondence, June 3, 1776, in Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol. Ⅱ， p. 95. （27）参见Beaumarchais（under name of R. Hortalez & Co.）to Arthur Lee（under name of Mary Johnston）， June 26, 1776, in Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol. Ⅱ， p. 98. （28）“R. Hortalez & Co.”（Beaumarchais）to the Committee of Secret Correspondence, August 18, 1776, in Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol. Ⅱ， p. 131. （29）参见Wharton，ed.，The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States，vol.Ⅰ，p.372.关于法国在与美国正式签署条约之前提供的援助详见Tyne，“French Aid before the Alliance of 1778,” pp. 20-40. （30）Louis ⅩⅥ： Answer to the American Commissioners, January 13, 1777, in Giunta, ed., Documents of the Emerging Nation, pp. 32-33. （31）The American Commissioners to Committee for Foreign Affairs, September 8,1777, in Willcox, ed., The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 24, 1984, p.515. （32）参见Charles F. Adams, ed., The Works of John Adams, vol. Ⅰ， Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1856, p. 271. （33）Journals of Congress, November 22, 1777, in Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol. Ⅱ， pp. 425-426. （34）参见Louis ⅩⅥ to Charles Ⅲ， January 8, 1778, in Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol. Ⅱ， p. 467. （35）转引自C. H. Van Tyne, “Influences Which Determined the French Government to Make the Treaty with America, 1778,” The American Historical Review, vol. 21, no. 3（April 1916）， pp. 532-533. （36）详见The American Commissioners to Vergennes, December 8, 1777, in Willcox, ed., The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 25, 1986, pp. 260-261. （37）详见The American Commissioners to the Committee for Foreign Affairs, December 18, 1777, in Willcox, ed., The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 25, pp. 305-309. （38）Conrad Alexandre Gérard: Report of a Conference with the American Commissioners, January 9, 1778, in Giunta, ed., Documents of the Emerging Nation: U. S. Foreign Relations 1775-1789, p. 57. （39）Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and France, February 6, 1778, in Hunter Miller, ed., Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America, vol. Ⅱ， Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1931, pp. 3-29. （40）Treaty of Alliance between the United States and France, February 6, 1778, in Miller, ed., Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America, vol. Ⅱ， pp. 35-41. （41）详见Izard to Committee of Foreign Affairs, October 6, 1777, in Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol. Ⅱ， p. 403. （42）William Lee to Charles Thomson, January 2, 1778, in Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol. Ⅱ， p. 464. （43）The American Commissioners to the Committee of Foreign Affairs, February 28, 1778, in Willcox, ed., The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 25, pp. 727-729. （44）参见The American Commissioners to the President of Congress, February 8,1778, in Willcox, ed., The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 25, pp. 634-635. （45）关于西班牙与法国海军联合的战舰具体数目详见Arthur Lee to the Committee of Foreign Affairs, August 10, 1779, in Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol. Ⅲ， p. 292. （46）Washington to Gouverneur Morris, October 4, 1778, in Theodore J. Crackel and Philander D. Chase, eds., The Papers of George Washington, vol. 17, Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 2008, p. 254. （47）Vergennes to Gérald, September 7, 1779, in Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol. Ⅲ， p. 310. （48）参见Irving Brant，James Madison：The Nationalist，1780-1787，Indianapolis and New York：Bobbs-Merrill，1948，pp. 278-279. （49）详见Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol.Ⅰ， pp. 324-325. （50）乔治三世从1778年3月3日至10日致诺斯的四封信详见Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, vol. Ⅰ， p. 659. (责任编辑：admin) |