(23) 参见Wei Zhang,“The Poet as Educator in Works and Days,” Classical Journal, vol. 105, 2009, pp. 1-17. (24) 赫西奥德把阿斯克拉唤作kōmē(“村庄”),与polis(“城邦”)有所区别。在古代,阿斯克拉从来没有成为城邦,一直属于特斯比亚的领地。英国考古学家对特斯比亚及邻近地区做了深入的考古工作(参见J. Bintliff and A. Snodgrass,“Mediterranean Survey and the City,”Antiquity, vol. 62, 1988, pp. 57-71)。 (25)douard Will,“Aux Origines du Régime Foncier Grec. Homère, Hésiode et l'arrière-plan Mycénien,” Revue destudes Anciennes, vol. 59, 1957, pp. 5-50. (26) 张竹明、蒋平译本此处译作“买得”、“买去”,不妥。在赫西奥德生活的年代,货币还没有流通,这里的意思应该是“以物易物地获得”。 (27) 诚然,诗人建议只生一子,这样财富会在家里增加,不过他紧接着说,宙斯也能轻易地给人口众多的人家带来财富,因为人多干活多,财富增长也快(《农作与时日》,376—380)。 (28) A. T. Edwards, Hesiod's Ascra, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. (29) Ibid.,“The Ascra of Works and Days represents a much less complex form of community than Homer's polis, a form that preexisted the Homeric polis and its basilēes and that continued to coexist alongside the newer polis well into the Archaic period in many parts of Greece.” p. 7. (30) A. T. Edwards, Hesiod's Ascra, pp. 176-178. (31) 张竹明、蒋平译本把这一句的主语译作“人们”,不正确。在赫西奥德生活的古风时代,普通人没有审判权,只有“王爷”才享有这一特权。 (32) 诗人与王爷之间恰恰存在这样一种密切关系,这在赫西奥德的另一部诗作《神谱》(79-92)里得到了说明,因为两者都受到缪斯女神的恩宠。参见Wei Zhang,“The Authority of the Poet in the Proem to Hesiod's Theogony,”Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, no. 1, 2007, pp. 1-30. (责任编辑:刘晓东)
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