注释：
    ①所谓的“假冒的封建制度”，是英国史学家用来诠释中古后期英国社会政治的一个术语。一般而言，它是指一种封建贵族内部的社会联系，这种联系将中古后期的中小贵族与他们各自的大贵族封君联结在一起，使那些作为封君的大贵族得以逐一行使政治权力，崭露头角，与其地位相匹配。在此联系中，封君赐予土地的现象相对较少，更多的是用周期性付款的方式来笼络封臣。如果没有这一联系，中古后期的英国大贵族将难以维持对各自地方的统治，也不能在国内外从事战争。不少西方学者认为，研究这一问题，对于理解14、15世纪英国的战争、地方政府、司法、公共秩序以及它的政治与社会结构，显得十分重要。参见M. Hicks, Bastard Feudalism, London,1995; J. G. Bellamy, Bastard feudalism and the law, London, 1989。
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