注释：
        ①20世纪60年代东西方关系常被西方学界描绘成“对话与对抗”（rapprochment and confrontat]on）、“不严密的两极体系”（the loose Bipolar systern）、“没有战争的军事对抗”（force without war）关系。
        ②John H.Herz, International Politics in the Atomic Age, New York:Columbia University Press,1959,p.231.
        ③Daniel S.Papp,Contemporary International Relations: Framework for Understanding,Macmillan College Publishmg Company,1994,p.164.
        ④James E.Dougherty & Robert L.Pfaltzgraft,Jr.,American Foreign Policy: FDR to Reagan,Harper & Row publishers, Inc, 1986, p.144.
        ⑤McGeorge Bundy,"The Presidency and the People",Foreign Affairs 42,（April 1964），p.354，根据国防部长麦克纳马拉的回忆，肯尼迪本人并不相信美苏之间存在什么“导弹差距”，但作为一名出色的政治家，他宁愿相信这一“事实”，也不愿意失去国会即将批准的追加军费拨款。Ronald E.Powaski,March to Armageddon:The United States and the Nuclear Arms Race 1939 the Present,Oxford University Press,1987,p.94.
        ⑥Max Frankel , High Noon in the Cold war: Kennedy, Khrushchev and the Cuban Missile Crisis, New York, Ballantine Books, 2004, p. 49; Richard Smoke, National Security and the Nuclear Dilemma: An Introduction to the American Experience in the Cold War, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1993, pp. 83-86.
        ⑦Max Frankel, High Noon in the Cold war: Kennedy, Khrushchev and the Cuban Missile Crisis, New York, Ballantine Books, 2004, p. 50.
        ⑧Michael Beschloss, The Crisis Years: Kennedy and Khrushchev, 1960-1963, New York: Harper Collins, 1991, pp. 49-54.
        ⑨James E. Dougherty & Robert L. Pfaltzgraft, Jr. , American Foreign Policy: FDR to Reagan,p. 179.
        ⑩Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy: Containing the Public Messages, Speeches and Statements of the President, 1961, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1962, pp. 580-581, pp. 589-590.
        （11）［美］麦乔治·邦迪著：《美国核战略》，褚广友等翻译，世界知识出版社，1991年版，第488页。
        （12）Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Berlin Crisis, July 25, 1961, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy: Containing the Public Messages, Speeches and Statements of the President, 1961, pp. 533-540.
        （13）Documents on Disarmament, 1961, pp. 314-315, citing Radio Moscow, Aug. 29, 1961, Robert M. Slusser, The Berlin Crisis of 1961: Soviet-American Relations and the Struggle for Power in the Kremlin, June-November 1961, Baltimore, the John Hopkins University Press, 1973, p. 159.
        （14）Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961,p. 137.
        （15）王绳祖主编：《国际关系史》第九卷，世界知识出版社，1995年版，第121页。
        （16）Philip Windsor, City and Leaves: A History of Berlin, 1945-1962, Frederick A. Praeger,Inc. 1963, p. 237.
        （17）Norman Gelb, The Berlin Wall: Kennedy, Khrushchev and a Showdown in the Heart of Europe, New York: Times Books,1986, pp.113-114.
        （18）Theodore C. Sorensen, Kennedy, New York, Happer & Row, Publishers, 1965, p. 592.
        （19）Hugh Sidey, John F. Kennedy, President: A Report's Inside Story, New York, Atheneum, 1963, pp. 230- 231; The New York Times, June, 1, 1961, p. 10, Jack M. Schick, The Berlin Crisis 1958-1962, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1972, p. 151.
        （20）William Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003, p. 407.
        （21）Raymond L. Garthoff, A Journey through the Cold War: A Memoir of Containment and Coexistence, Washington D.C. Brookings Institutions Press, 2001, pp.125-126.