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注释： ①相关研究请参见林正义：《1958年台海危机期间美国对华政策》，台北：台湾商务印书馆，1985年；戴超武：《敌对与危机的年代：1954-1958年的中美关系》，北京：社会科学文献出版社，2003年；徐焰：《金门之战》，沈阳：辽宁人民出版社，2011年；Gordon H.Chang,Friends and Enemies:The United States,China,and the Soviet Union,1948-1972,Redwood City,CA:Stanford University Press,1990,pp.183-199; Shuguang Zhang,Deterrence and Strategic Culture:Chinese-American Confrontations,1949-1958,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1992,pp.225-267; Qiang Zhai,The Dragon,the Lion,and the Eagle:Chinese-British-American Relations,1949-1958,Kent:The Kent State University Press,1994,pp.178-207. ②Alexander L.George and Richard Smoke,Deterrence in American Foreign Policy,New York:Columbia University Press,1974,p.370; McGeorge Bundy,Danger and Survival:Choices about the Bomb in the First Fifty Years,New York:Random House,1988,pp.284-285; Stanley E.Spangler,Force and Accommodation in World Politics,Maxwell Air Force Base:Air University Press,1991,pp.150-151. ③John L.Gaddis,The Long Peace:Inquiries into the History of the Cold War,New York:Oxford University Press，1989，pp.141-142；张淑雅：《困境重现之因：1958年台海危机与美国的外岛政策再思考》，《中央研究院近代史研究所集刊》第77期，2012年9月，第39-40页。 ④U.S.Department of State,Foreign Relations of the United States(FRUS),1955-57,vol.3,Washington,DC:U.S.Government Printing Office,1990,pp.246,511; CRS Report,"U.S.Policy on the Use of Nuclear Weapons,1945-1975," November 14,1975,CRS-1975-FND-0011,pp.52-53. ⑤"U.S.and Allied Capabilities for Limited Military Operations to 1 July 1961," May 22,1958,Box 204,Records of the PPS,1957-1961,RG59,National Archives,College Park. ⑥SNIE 100-7-58,"Sino-Soviet and Free World Reactions to U.S.Use of Nuclear Weapons in Limited Wars in the Far east," July 22,1958,Box 3,RG 263,National Archives,College Park. ⑦Thomas E.Stolper,China,Taiman,and the Offshore Islands,Armonk:M.E.Sharpe,1985,p.125. ⑧张淑雅：《“主义为前锋，武力为后盾”：八二三炮战与“反攻大陆”宣传的转变》，《中央研究院近代史研究所集刊》第70期，2010年12月，第12-13页；林正义：《1958年台海危机期间美国对华政策》，第44-45页。 ⑨M.H.Halperin,"The 1958 Taiwan Straits Crisis:A Documentary History," RM-4900-ISA,Santa Monica:Rand Corporation,December 1966,p.63. ⑩牛军：《1958年炮击金门决策的再探讨》，《国际政治研究》2009年第3期，第173-175页；戴超武：《敌对与危机的年代：1954-1958年的中美关系》，第326-327页。 (11)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,Washington,DC:U.S.Government Printing Office,1996,pp.42-43. (12)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.46-47,50-51; George Eliades,"Once More unto the Breach:Eisenhower,Dulles,and Public Opinion during the Offshore Islands Crisis of 1958," The Journal of American-East Asian Relations,vol.2,no.4(Winter 1993),p.347. (13)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.44-46,62-65; M.H.Halperin,"The 1958Taiwan Straits Crisis:A Documentary History," pp.81-83. (14)"Defense of Chinese Nationalist Held Offshore Islands," August 15,1958,CCS 381,Sec.37,Box 5,Geographic Files,RG 218,National Archives,College Park. (15)"Summary of the Principal Points Made in the Discussion of the Taiwan Straits Situation at the Meeting in the President's Office Following the NSC Meeting on 14 August 1958," DDRS/CK3100568438; Bernard C.Nalty,"The Air Force Role in Five Crises,1958-1965," USAF Historical Division Liaison Office,June 1968,DDRS/CK3100653511,p.19. (16)State Department-JCS Meeting,August 15,1958,Box 51,Records of State-JCS Meetings,RG 59,National Archives,College Park; U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.56-57. (17)CCS381,Section 37,Box 7,RG218,National Archives,College Park; Bernard C.Nalty,"The Air Force Role in Five Crises,1958-1965," p.19. (18)Appu K.Soman,"Who's Daddy in the Taiwan Strait? The Offshore Islands Crisis of 1958," The Journal of American-East Asian Relations,vol.3,no.4(Winter 1994),p.383; U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,p.120. (19)韩怀智、谭旌樵主编：《当代中国军队的军事工作》(上)，北京：中国社会科学出版社，1989年，第387页。 (20)吴冷西：《忆毛主席——我亲身经历的若干重大历史事件片断》，北京：新华出版社，1995年，第74-75页。 (21)Dwight D.Eisenhower,The White House Years:Waging Peace,1956-1961,New York:Doubleday,1965,p.297. (22)Jacob Van Staaveren,"Air Operations in the Taiwan Crisis of 1958," USAF Historical Division Liaison Office,November 1962,DDRS/CK3100656519,pp.23,24. (23)CSS381,Section38,Box 6,RG 218,National Archives,College Park; U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.75-76. (24)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.83-86; Parsons to Dulles,August 31,Box2,Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs,RG59,National Archives,College Park. (25)Byron R.Fairchild and Walter S.Poole,The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy,1957-1960,Washington,DC:Office of Joint History/Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,2000,p.210; M.H.Halperin,"The 1958 Taiwan Straits Crisis:A Documentary History," pp.109-110,114-115. (26)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.96-99; Goodpaster,"Memorandum of Conference with the President," August 29,1958,DDRS/CK3100174255. (27)Bernard C.Nalty,"The Air Force Role in Five Crises,1958-1965," p.21; Jacob Van Staaveren,"Air Operations in the Taiwan Crisis of 1958," pp.27-32,51; Richard K.Betts,Nuclear Blackmail and Nuclear Balance,Washington,DC:The Brookings Institution Press,1987,pp.70-71. (28)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.100-101; Byron R.Fairchild and Walter S.Poole,The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy,1957-1960,p.211. (29)McGeorge Bundy,Danger and Survival:Choices about the Bomb in the First Fifty Years,p.279. (30)Qiang Zhai,The Dragon,the Lion,and the Eagle:Chinese-British-American Relations,1949-1958,p.185; M.H.Halperin,"The 1958 Taiwan Straits Crisis:A Documentary History," p.184. (31)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,p.121; JCS 2118/110,"Taiwan Straits Situation," September 4,1958,CCS381,Sec.38,Geographic File 1958,Box5,RG218,National Archives,College Park. (32)"Taiwan Straits:Issues Developed in Discussion with JCS," September 2,1958,DDRS/CK3100691510; JCS Paper,"The Taiwan Straits Situation," September 3,1958,DDRS/CK3100289643. (33)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.116-122,126; Robert J.Watson,Into the Missile Age,1956-1960,Washington,DC:Historical Office of the Secretary of Defense,1997,p.232. (34)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.130-133; Goodpaster,"Memorandum of Conference with the President," September 4,1958,DDRS/CK3100453193. (35)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.134-136; Felix Belair,"U.S.Decides to Use Force If Reds Invade Quemoy; Dulles Sees Eisenhower," The New York Times,September 5,1958. (36)《中美关系资料汇编》第2辑(下)，北京：世界知识出版社，1960年，第2689-2690、2712-2723页。 (37)Appu K.Soman,Double-Edged Sword:Nuclear Diplomacy in Unequal Conflicts-The United States and China,1950-1958,Westport:Praeger,2000,p.182; Edward J.Marolda,Ready Seapouer:A History of the U.S.Seventh Fleet,Washington,DC:Naval History and Heritage Command,2012,p.51. (38)George Eliades,"Once More unto the Breach," p.357; J.H.Kalicki,The Pattern of Sino-American Crises:Political-Military Interactions in the 1950s,New York:Cambridge University Press,1975,p.193. (39)Marian D.Irish,"Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy:The Quemoy Crisis of 1958," Political Quarterly,vol.31,April 1960,p.152; Nancy B.Tucker,The China Threat:Memories,Myths,and Realities in the 1950s,New York:Columbia University Press,2012,p.153; "Text of Acheson's Statement on U.S.Policy Regarding China," The New York Times,September 7,1958; E.W.Kenworthy,"U.S.China Policy Losing Mail Vote," The New York Times,September 27,1958. (40)"Democrats Lash Quemoy Policy," The New York Times,September 7,1958; Russell Baker,"Democrats Critical of Quemoy Policy," The New York Times,September 13,1958; Appu K.Soman,"Who's Daddy in the Taiwan Strait?" pp.389-390; Foster R.Dulles,American Policy toward Communist China,1949-1969,New York:Thomas Y.Crowell Company,1972,p.177. (41)Smith Memorandum for Herter,"August 14 Discussion of Taiwan Straits," August 13,1958,Box 205,Records of the PPS,1957-1961,RG59,National Archives,College Park; U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.57-59,122-124. (42)Nina Tannenwald,The Nuclear Taboo:The United States and the Non-Use of Nuclear Weapons Since1945,New York:Cambridge University Press,2007,pp.183-184; John Newhouse,War and Peace in the Nuclear Age,New York:Alfred A.Knopf,1989,p.126. (43)Matthew Jones,After Hiroshima:The United States,Race and Nuclear Weapons in Asia,1945-1965,New York:Cambridge University Press,2010,p.373; State Department-JCS Meetings,September 5,1958,Box 51,Records of State-JCS Meetings,RG 59,National Archives,College Park. (44)Goodpaster to Aurand,"Recent Political Aspects of Taiwan Straits Developments," August 31,1958,DDRS/CK3100249259; Appu K.Soman,Double-Edged Sword,p.185. (45)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.136-138,139; Victor S.Kaufman,Con fronting Communism:U.S.and British Policies toward China,Columbia:University of Missouri Press,2001,p.134. (46)United States Information Agency,"Estimates of Free World Reactions,Country by Country,to Three Possible Courses of Action by the U.S.in Quemoy-Matsu," September 6,1958,DDRS/CK3100401909; Washburn to Eisenhower,September 9,1958,DDRS/CK3100452032. (47)Appu K.Soman,Double-Edged Sword:Nuclear Diplomacy in Unequal Conflicts,pp.187-188; Stephen E.Ambrose,Eisenhower:The President,New York:Simon and Schuster,1984,p.484. (48)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,p.267; Nina Tannenwald,The Nuclear Taboo:the United States,Race and Nuclear Weapons in Asia,1945-1965,p.184. (49)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,p.126; Dwight D.Eisenhower,The White House Years,p.294; Shuguang Zhang,Deterrence and Strategic Culture:Chinese-American Confrontations,1949-1958,p.244. (50)Parsons to Dulles,"Developments in the Taiwan Straits Since August 23," August 31,1958,DNSA/CI1380; Intelligence Report,"The Taiwan Straits Crisis:Soviet Statements and Propaganda Treatment," September 29,1958,Records of Policy Planning Staff,1957-1961,Box 145,RG59,National Archives,College Park; Gordon H.Chang,Friends and Enemies:China,the United States,and the Soviet Union,1948-1972,p.195. (51)SNIE 100-7-58,"Sino-Soviet and Free World Reactions to U.S.Use of Nuclear Weapons in Limited Wars in the Far East," July 22,1958; SNIE 100-11-58,"Probable Chinese Communist and Soviet Intentions in the Taiwan Strait Area," September 16,1958,DNSA /CI01317. (52)"U.S.and Allied Capabilities for Limited Military Operations to 1 July 1961," May 22,1958. (53)Dwight D.Eisenhower,The White House Years:Waging Peace,1956-1961,p.293. (54)中共中央文献研究室编：《周恩来传》，北京：中央文献出版社，1998年，第1425页；《周恩来军事活动纪事》下卷，北京：中央文献出版社，2000年，第480页。 (55)《建国以来毛泽东军事文稿》中卷，北京：军事科学出版社、中央文献出版社，2010年，第427页。 (56)SNIE 100-9-58,"Probable Developments in the Taiwan Strait Area," August 26,1958,Box 3,RG 263,National Archives,College Park. (57)《建国以来毛泽东军事文稿》中卷，第417-418页；逄先知、金冲及主编：《毛泽东传(1949-1976)》，北京：中央文献出版社，2003年，第863页。 (58)中共中央文献研究室编：《毛泽东年谱(1949-1976)》第3卷，北京：中央文献出版社，2013年，第452页。 (59)逄先知、金冲及主编：《毛泽东传(1949-1976)》，第878页；中共中央文献研究室编：《周恩来传》，第1423页。 (60)王定烈主编：《当代中国空军》，北京：中国社会科学出版社，1989年，第341页；王焰主编：《彭德怀年谱》，北京：人民出版社，1998年，第703页。 (61)韩怀智、谭旌樵主编：《当代中国军队的军事工作》(上)，第406页。 (62)逄先知、金冲及主编：《毛泽东传(1949-1976)》，第859页；吴冷西：《忆毛主席——我亲身经历的若干重大历史事件片断》，第76页。 (63)中共中央文献研究室编：《毛泽东年谱(1949-1976)》第3卷，第429-430页；逄先知、金冲及主编：《毛泽东传(1949-1976)》，第860页。 (64)中共中央文献研究室编：《周恩来传》，第1425页；吴冷西：《忆毛主席——我亲身经历的若干重大历史事件片断》，第78-79页。 (65)《中美关系资料汇编》第2辑(下)，第2680-2681页。 (66)《中美关系资料汇编》第2辑(下)，第2685-2687页。 (67)中共中央文献研究室编：《毛泽东年谱(1949-1976)》第3卷，第439页。 (68)中共中央文献研究室编：《毛泽东年谱(1949-1976)》第3卷，第444页；王炳南：《中美会谈九年回顾》，北京：世界知识出版社，1985年，第72-73页。 (69)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.18,p.143; Byron R.Fairchild and Walter S.Poole,The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy,p.213; Memorandum for Dulles and McElroy,"Policy Regarding Use of Atomic Weapons," September 15,1958,DNSA/NH01252. (70)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,p.145; Robert J.Watson,Into the Missile Age,1956-1960,p.234; Joseph Bouchard,Command in Crisis:Four Case Studies,New York:Columbia University Press,1991,p.67. (71)《中美关系资料汇编》第2辑(下)，第2728-2735页。 (72)Gordon Gray,"Memorandum for the Record," September 12,1958,DDRS/CK3100137223. (73)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.239-240. (74)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.253-254,274-275. (75)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,p.161; Dwight D.Eisenhower,The White House Years:Waging Peace,1956-1961,p.301. (76)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.161-163; John Dulles,"Memorandum of Conversation with the President," September 11,1958,DDRS/CK3100324073. (77)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,pp.296-297,381-382. (78)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,p.161. (79)《中美关系资料汇编》第2辑(下)，第2809-2821、2824-2826页；U.S.Department of State，FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,p.301. (80)中共中央文献研究室编：《毛泽东年谱(1949-1976)》第3卷，第456-457页；吴冷西：《忆毛主席——我亲身经历的若干重大历史事件片断》，第83-85页。 (81)《建国以来毛泽东军事文稿》中卷，第434、436-437页；中共中央文献研究室编：《毛泽东年谱(1949-1976)》第3卷，第457页；韩怀智、谭旌樵主编：《当代中国军队的军事工作》(上)，第410页。 (82)陶文钊主编：《中美关系史(1949-1972)》中卷，上海人民出版社，2004年，第175页；廖心文：《1958年毛泽东决策炮击金门的历史考察》，《党的文献》1994年第1期，第35页。 (83)《建国以来毛泽东军事文稿》中卷，第438-439页。 (84)《周恩来军事活动纪事》下卷，第477页；中共中央文献研究室编：《周恩来年谱》中卷，北京：中央文献出版社，1989年，第183页。 (85)Matthew Jones,After Hiroshima:The United States,Race and Nuclear Weapons in Asia,1945-1965,p.379. (86)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.19,p.539. (87)Smith Memorandum for Dulles,"Review of Strategic Concept," January 20,1959,DDRS/CK3100652559; Matthew Jones,After Hiroshima:The United States,Race and Nuclear Weapons in Asia,1945-1965,pp.380,381-382. (88)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.3,pp.238-243; Letter from Gerald Smith to Secretary of State Herter,"Views on the Use of Nuclear Weapons in Limited War,"July 1,1959,DNSA/NH 00119. (89)Commander in Chief of U.S.Pacific Fleet,"Report of Taiwan-Quemoy Operation," December 20,1958,DDRS/CK3100444962. (90)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.3,p.146; Gregg Herken,Counsels of War,New York:Alfred A.Knopf,1985,p.126. (91)Dulles to McElroy,January 24,1959,DDRS/CK3100652126; FRUS,1958-1960,vol.3,pp.229,233,235. (92)McGeorge Bundy,Danger and Survival:Choices about the Bomb in the First Fifty Years,p.323; John L.Gaddis,Strategies of Containment,New York:Oxford University Press,1982,p.174. (93)Jacob Van Staaveren,"Air Operations in the Taiwan Crisis of 1958," p.53. (94)U.S.Department of State,FRUS,1958-1960,vol.3,pp.230,484-488; "Memorandum for the Record State-Defense Meeting on Military Paragraphs of NSC 5906," June 30,1959,DNSA/NH 00120. (责任编辑：admin) |