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英国环境史上沉重的一页(8)

http://www.newdu.com 2017-08-28 《南京大学学报:哲学• 梅雪芹 参加讨论

(34)David Milne-Home,F.R.S.E,Salmon and Salmon Fisheries,London:William Clowes and Sons,Ltd.,1883,p.9,档案网:http://www.archive.org.
    (35)R.B.Marston,"The Thames as a Salmon River," The Nineteenth Century:A Monthly Review,Vol.45,No.266,1899,p.581.
    (36)泰晤士河边的一个小镇,历史上属于米德塞克斯郡(Middlesex),现在属于萨里郡(Surrey),距伦敦市中心西南21公里。
    (37)转引自R.B.Marston,"The Thames as a Salmon River," The Nineteenth Century:A Monthly Review,Vol.45,No.266,1899,p.581.
    (38)关于三文鱼的生活史,参见查尔斯·弗莱尔的《三文鱼渔业》的第二章:Charles E.Fryer,The Salmon Fisheries,pp.11-23.
    (39)丹尼尔·波特金主张,通过理解自然是如何工作的来解决环境问题。关于丹尼尔·波特金及其著作和贡献,参见www.danielbotkin.com。
    (40)Daniel B.Botkin,Our Natural History:The Lessons of Lewis and Clark,Oxford University Press,USA,2004,p.199.
    (41)关于三文鱼对河水中溶解氧和温度的要求,参见J.S.Alabasteran,and P.J.Gough,"The Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Requirements of Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L.,in the Thames Estuary," Journal of Fish Biology,29,1986,pp.613-621.
    (42)Albert GUnther,An Introduction to the Study of Fishes,Edinburgh,Adam and Charles Black,1880(参见 R.B.Marston,"The Thames as a Salmon River," The Nineteenth Century:A Monthly Review,Vol.45,No.266,1899,p.581).
    (43)Thomas Ashworth,The Salmon Fisheries of England,p.29.
    (44)Richard Shelton,"Preface," in To Sea and Back:The Heroic Life of the Atlantic Salmon,London:Atlantic Books,2009.
    (45)Frank Buckland,Curiosities of Natural History,p.247.
    (46)Charles E.Fryer,The Salmon Fisheries,p.40.
    (47)Friedrich Engels,The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844,with a Preface written in 1892,Translated by Florence Kelley Wischnewetzky,http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17306/17306-h/17306-h.htm; Arnold Toynbee,Lectures on The Industrial Revolution in England,with a Preface by Arnold J.Toynbee,Boston:The Beacon Press,1956; Paul Mantoux,The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century:An Outline of the Beginnings of the Modern Factory System in England,translated by Marjorie Vernon,London:Jonathan Cape,1929.
    (48)根据这份材料中作者叙述的上下文语境判断,这指的是19世纪三四十年代。
    (49)W.Naylor,Trades Waste,its Treatment and Utilisation,with Special Reference to the Prevention of River Pollution,a Hand Book for Borough Engineers,Surveyors,Architects and Analysis,London:Charles Griffin & Company,Limited,1902,p.2,档案网:http://www.archive.org.
    (50)转引自Anthony S.Wohl,Endangered Lives:Public Health in Victorian Britain,Cambridge,Massachusetts:Harvard University Press,1983,p.233,这部著作中有论述空气污染和水体污染的章节,因而不期然地成为当代第一部涉及泰晤士河污染问题的著作。
    (51)John Bostock,"On the Spontaneous Purification of Thames Water," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London(1776-1886),1829-01-01,Vol.119,pp.287-288,档案网:http://www.archive.org.
    (52)“脏兮兮的泰晤士老爹”(Dirty Father Thames)是1848年《庞奇》上所登载的画家威廉·纽曼(William Newman)的一幅漫画的名称,它形象生动地描述了泰晤士河的污染状况。
    (53)Punch,July 23,1859,http://www.victorianlondon.org/health/thameseondition.htm,最近登录于2013年8月14日。
    (54)参见David Milne-Home,F.R.S.E,Salmon and Salmon Fisheries,p.3.
    (55)Anthony S.Wohl,Endangered Lives:Public Health in Victorian Britain,p.233.
    (56)参见Bill Luckin,Pollution and Control:A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century,p.74.
    (57)John Snow,On the Mode of Communication of Cholera,London:John Churchill,New Burlington Street,1855.
    (58)Dale H.Porter,The Thames Embankment:Environment,Technology and Society in Victorian London,p.71.
    (59)关于这次事故的死亡人数,一说是590人(http://www.yellins.com/woolwichferry/thames/PrincessAlice.htm);另一说是640人左右(http://www.thamespolicemuseum.org.uk/h_alice_5.html)。

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