(41)亚里士多德：《政治学》，1279b35-40.
    (42)参见亚里士多德：《政治学》，1291b7-13.
    (43)亚里士多德：《政治学》，1290b17-19.
    (44)参见G.E.M.de Ste.Croix,The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World，p.73.
    (45)亚里士多德：《政治学》，1310a3-4.
    (46)G.E.M.de Ste.Croix,The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World,pp.69-80.芬利的讨论比较分散，参见M.I.Finley,Politics in the Ancient World,pp.2,9～11.
    (47)德·圣·克鲁瓦(G.E.M.de Ste.Croix)论述道：“经济阶级是区分希腊社会的基本因素，也界定了其政治划分，这一观念远非仅限于马克思及其追随者的时代错置的离经叛道，而实际上和希腊人自己的观点十分地契合。亚里士多德这位希腊城邦社会学与政治学的伟大专家总是从阶级分析的基础出发，并且认为，人们在政治上和其他方面首要地是根据其经济地位行事，此乃天经地义。”接着他指出，尽管“亚里士多德社会学的马克思主义特征并未逃过人们的注意”，但“近些年来，在澳大利亚、新西兰和大西洋两岸，一些古代世界的阐述者试图忘却亚里士多德的阶级分析--我敢说他们认为其带有危险的马克思主义色彩--或是假装可以忽略它，尤其是对于公元前4世纪以前的分析而言。”参见G.E.M.de Ste.Croix,The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World,p.79.
    (48)Josiah Ober,Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens:Rhetoric,Ideology,and the Power of the People,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1989,pp.12-13,339.
    (49)Josiah Ober,Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens,Chapter VII.
    (50)Lysias,Defence against a Charge of Subverting the Democracy,Loeb Classical Library,Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1930,8.
    (51)M.I.Finley,Politics in the Ancient World,pp.109-110.
    (52)德·圣·克鲁瓦强调说，后一点很少受到应有的重视，参见G.E.M.de Ste.Croix,The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World:From the Archaic Age to the Arab Conquests,pp.284-287.
    (53)关于节庆和舰队三层桨舰两类“公益捐助”的研究，分别见P.Wilson,The Athenian Institution of the Khoregia,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003; V.Gabrielsen,Financing the Athenian Fleet:Public Taxation and Social Relations,Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,1994.
    (54)J.K.Davies,Athenian Propertied Families,600-300 B.C.,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1971,p.xxix.
    (55)所谓“财产交换”，是指保障“公益捐助”制度顺利实施的法律程序。如被指定承担“公益捐助”者不愿履行这一义务，他必须指认有其他公民比他更为富有，应代替他履行该义务。此种情况即启动了“财产交换”程序。被指认者要么承认自己更为富有，而接受捐助义务；要么否认自己更为富有，如此则双方交换全部财产，仍由指认者承担捐助义务。参见 V.Gabrielsen,“The Antidosis Procedure in Classical Athens,”Classica et Mediaevalia,vol.38,1987,pp.7-38; M.R.Christ,“Liturgy Avoidance and Antidosis in Classical Athens,”Transactions of the American Philological Association,vol.120,1990,pp.147-169.
    (56)Demosthenes 21:Against Midias,154; Demosthenes 47:Against Evergus and Mnesibulus,22.古希腊文版本分别见Demosthenes Orationes,Scriptorum Classicorum Biliotheca Oxoniensis,Oxford:Oxford University,1903,tomi II,tomus III.
    (57)伪色诺芬(老寡头)：《雅典政制》，1.13.
    (58)Isocrates,8:On the Peace (Isocrates,vol.II,Loeb Classical Library,London:William Heinemann Ltd.,1929),127-128.
    (59)Theophrastus,Characters,26 (Cambridge Classical Texts and Commentaries 41,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2004).
    (60)参见David Stockton,The Gracchi,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1979.
    (61)Josiah Ober,Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens:Rhetoric,Ideology,and the Power of the People,Chapter V,p.241.
    (62)P.W.Rose,“Divorcing Ideology from Marxism and Marxism from Ideology:Some Problems,” Arethusa,vol.39,2006,pp.101-136.
    (63)P.W.Rose,“Divorcing Ideology from Marxism and Marxism from Ideology:Some Problems,”p.131.
    (64)参见R.Osborne,“When Was the Athenian Democratic Revolution?”pp.10-28.
    (65)M.I.Finley,Politics in the Ancient World,pp.105-106.