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“威慑”与“禁忌”:艾森豪威尔政府在韩国的核部署(6)

http://www.newdu.com 2017-08-28 《历史研究》 陈波 参加讨论

(27)"Letter from the Director of the Office of Northeast Asian Affairs(Parsons)to the Ambassador in Korea(Dowling)," November 7,1956,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXIII,pp.342-344.沃尔特·道林(Walter Dowling)于1956年5月出任驻韩大使,1959年10月离任。
    (28)"Memorandum of a Conversation," November 28; "Memorandum from the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs(Sebald)to the Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs(Murphy)," December 5,1956,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXIII,pp.356-358,359-360.
    (29)"Letter from the Ambassador in Korea(Dowling)to the Director of the Office of Northeast Asian Affairs(Parsons)," December 6,1956,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXIII,pp.363-366.
    (30)"Memorandum from the Director of the Office of Northeast Asian Affairs(Parsons)to the Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs(Sebald)," December 18,1956; "Record of a Meeting,Department of State," January 18,1957,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXIII,pp.366-367,387-389.
    (31)这里的“韩国国内形势”指的是韩国国防预算过大,影响了战后经济的恢复。此外,美日韩三角关系也是杜勒斯考虑的因素。美国希望通过推动日韩关系的改善,使日本在美国远东战略,包括对韩防务和经济援助政策中承担更大的责任。然而,李承晚强烈的民族主义情绪和抵制态度让华盛顿不得不暂时放弃这一想法。参见Lee Jae-Bong,"U.S.Deployment of Nuclear Weapons in 1950s South Korea and North Korea's Nuclear Development:Toward Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula," The Asia-Pacific Journal:Japan Focus,vol.8-3-09,2009,http://www.japanfocus.org/-Lee-Jae_Bong/3053.
    (32)"Memorandum of Discussion at the 311th Meeting of the National Security Council," January 31,1957,in Paul Kesaris,ed.,Minutes of Meetings of the National Security Council,the Second Supplement,Microfilm,UPA,1989,Reel 2.
    (33)"Memorandum of Discussion at the 318th Meeting of the National Security Council," April 4; "Record of a Meeting,Department of State," May 16,1957,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXIII,pp.420-427,433-437.
    (34)"Note by the Executive Secretary(Lay)to the National Security Council," April 2,1953,FRUS,1952-1954,vol.XV,part 1,Washington,D.C.:U.S.Government Printing Office,1984,pp.838-857.
    (35)美国政府认为韩国的要求超出了韩国经济的承受力,与既定的对韩安全政策不符,同时还会过多消耗援助资源。"Memorandum from the Executive Secretary of the National Security Council(Lay)to the National Security Council," April 7,1954,FRUS,1952-1954,vol.XV,part 2,pp.1777-1785.
    (36)"United States Summary Minutes of the Second Meeting of United States-Republic of Korea Talks," July 28,1954,FRUS,1952-1954,vol.XV,part 2,pp.1847-1848.
    (37)"Memorandum of Discussion at the 208th Meeting of the National Security Council," July 29,1954,FRUS,1952-1954,vol.XV,part 2,pp.1850-1856.
    (38)"The Ambassador in Korea(Briggs)to the Department of State," October 22,1954,FRUS,1952-1954,vol.XV,part 2,pp.1900-1901.原文件含有附件B,但未解密。根据后来裁军谈判中的文件推测,美国援建韩军的规模应为20个师72万人,其中陆军65万人。"Telegram from the Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs(Irwin)to the Commander in Chief,United Nations Command(Decker)," December 24,1957,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXIII,pp.531-532.
    (39)"National Security Council Report:SC5514," February 25,1955,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXIII,pp.42-48.美国坚持韩军裁减,主要是希望韩国减少国防支出,更多地将有限的援助资源和劳动力投入到经济重建上来;同时,裁军还能抑制李承晚“加强军备、北进统一”的冲动。
    (40)"Telegram from the Embassy in Korea to the Department of State," May 30,1955,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXIII,pp.104-107.
    (41)"Memorandum from the Deputy Director of the Office of Northeast Asian Affairs(Hemmendinger)to the Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs(Robertson)," October 24,1955,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXIII,pp.177-178.
    (42)"Memorandum from Parsons to Robertson: Situation in Republic of Korea," November 20,1956,Records of the U.S.Department of State Relating to the Internal Affairs of Korea(1955-1959),Microfilm,Wilmington:Scholarly Resources,1991,Reel 10.朝鲜停战后,李承晚多次以“北进”为要挟,试图榨取美国更多的援助或政策支持。参见"The Ambassador in Korea(Briggs)to the United States Delegation," May 19,1954,FRUS,1952-1954,vol.XVI,The Geneva Conference,pp.284-287; Syngman Rhee,Korea Flaming High:Excerpts from Statement by President Syngman Rhee in 1954-1955,Seoul:Office of Public Information,1956,p.39.
    (43)"Telegram from the Embassy in Korea to the Department of State," November 14,1956,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXIII,pp.346-348,footnote 5.
    (44)"Memorandum of Discussion at the 304th Meeting of the National Security Council," November 15,1956,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXIII,p.348.
    (45)"Memorandum of a Conversation,Seoul," December 18,1956,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXⅢ,pp.367-370.
    (46)"Memorandum from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to the Secretary of Defense(Wilson)," January 4,1957,FRUS,1955-1957,vol.XXIII,pp.371-372.
    (47)此处所指应为双用武器280毫米火炮和“忠实约翰”地地导弹。

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