(23)Cowley,Aramaic Papyri of the Fifth Century B.C.,p.xxix. (24)B.Porten,The Elephantine Papyri in English,Leiden,New York and Kln:E.J.Brill,1996,p.83. (25)Porten,The Elephantine Papyri in English,p.83,253,258. (26)J.M.Miller & J.H.Hayes,A History of Ancient Israel and Judah,Louisville & London:Westminster John Knox Press,1986,p.435. (27)Pritchard ed.,Ancient Near Eastern Texts,p.491. (28)Porten,The Elephantine Papyri in English,p.139,145. (29)J.M.Lindenberger,Ancient Aramaic and Hebrew Letters,2nd ed.,Atlanta:Society of Biblical Literature,2003,pp.65-67. (30)Lindenberger,Ancient Aramaic and Hebrew Letters,p.68. (31)Porten,The Elephantine Papyri in English,1996,p.199. (32)Modrzejewski,The Jews of Egypt,From Rameses II to Hadrian,p.26. (33)Porten,The Elephantine Papyri in English,pp.202-204,246-251. (34)Mode,"The Assuan Aramaic Papyri",p.308. (35)J.Naveh & S.Shaked,"A Recently Published Aramaic Papyrus," Journal of the American Oriental Society,Vol.91,No.3 (1971),pp.379-382. (36)1锡克尔(shekel)合0.5盎司,1卡尔什(Karash)合5盎司。 (37)Porten,The Elephantine Papyri in English,pp.202-204,257-258. (38)Porten,The Elephantine Papyri in English,pp.255-256. (39)T.E.Peet,Egypt and Old Testament,Boston:The University Press of Liverpool,1923,p.193. (40)Porten,The Elephantine Papyri in English,p.141.20世纪初,埃勒凡塔的阿拉米亚文草纸文书汇集出版,文书中提到了敬神的大建筑物,当时的学界认为这不可能是神庙,可能是议事厅一类的建筑。德国考古工作者,在犹太聚居区挖掘出了这座犹太神庙。对于神庙建造的时间,没有任何传世文献提及,有人认为该神庙建于第26王朝法老阿马西斯统治时期(公元前569一前526年),参见E.G.Kraeling,"New Light on the Elephantine Colony",The Biblical Archaeologist,Vol.15,No.3 (1952),p.56,65。 (41)The Holy Bible.New International Version,p.385. (42)未发酵面包节,是犹太人古老的节日之一,后来合并入逾越节中。 (43)Lindenberger,Ancient Aramaic and Hebrew Letters,pp.65-67; Porten,The Elephantine Papyri in English,pp.125-126.这封信提到波斯国王大流士二世给波斯驻埃及总督阿尔萨美写信,要求埃及的犹太人守逾越节,非常奇怪,为什么波斯国王会在意犹太的宗教节日呢?也许这位名为哈拿的犹太人在信中提及了大流士曾经提到过逾越节,而关于守逾越节的指示,可能来自耶路撒冷的宗教当局。关于这个问题的讨论,参见H.J.Elhorst,"The Passover Papyrus from Elephantine",Journal of Biblical Literature,Vol.31,No.3 (1912),pp.147-149。但是,在《旧约·以斯贴记》9:20-21提到写信给波斯王薛西斯国家的所有犹太人,要求他们过节日。这两则材料,或许表明了这个指示来自耶路撒冷宗教当局,只不过文件上面盖了波斯国王的印玺。这里的不工作的规定为节日的第一天和最后一天不能进行生产性工作。 (44)B.Porten,"The Religion of the Jews of Elephantine in Light of the Hermopolis Papyri",Journal of Near Eastern Studies,Vol.28,No.2(1969),pp.116-118. (45)The Holy Bible.New International Version,p.274 (46)Mode,The Assuan Aramaic Papyri,p.307. (47)Pritchard ed.,Ancient Near Eastern Texts,p.491.
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