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注释： ① 埃里克·方纳：《美国自由的故事》，王希译，北京：商务印书馆，2002年，第31页。 ② William Waller Hening, ed., The Statute at Large: Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia, New York: R. & W. & G. Barrow, 1819-1823, 7:5t8-519. (“Sabin Americana, 1500-1926”, http:// galenet. galegroup. com) ③ Albert Edward McKinley, The Suffrage Franchise in the Thirteen English Colonies in America, Philadelphia: Gin & Co., 1905, p. 157, pp.101-102, p. 172. ④ Francis Newton Thorpe, ed. , The Federal and State Constitutions : Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws of the States, Territories, and Colonies Now or Heretofore Forming the United States of America, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1909, 3:1878-1879; Cortlandt F. Bishop, History of Elections in the American Colonies, New York: Columbia College, 1893, p. 75.;McKinley, The Suffrage Franchise in the Thirteen English Colonies in Ameriea, p. 376, p.413, p.460. ⑤ McKinley, The Suffrage Franchise in the Thirteen English Colonies in America, pp. 475-476. ⑥ Hening, ed., The Statute at Large, 3:251. ⑦ Henry W. Farnam, Chapters in the History of Social Legislation in the United States to 1860, Washington D. C.:Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1938, p. 67; McKinley, The Suffrage Franchise in the Thirteen English Colonies in America, p. 36, p.37, pp.91-92, p.474. ⑧ Bishop, History of Elections in the American Colonies, pp. 65-66; Robert J. Dinkin, Voting in Provincial America: A Study of Elections in the Thirteen Colonies, 1689-1776, Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Press, 1977, pp.29-30. ⑨ Bishop, History of Elections in the American Colonies, pp.66-68. ⑩ Bishop, History of Elections in the American Colonies, pp.53-56. (11) Bishop, History of Elections in the American Colonies, pp.64-55; McKinley, The Suffrage Franchise in the Thirteen English Colonies in America, p.474; Dinkin, Voting in Provincial America, p.30. (12) Chilton Williamson, American Suffrage: From Property to Democracy, 1760-1860, Princeton, N.J.; Princeton University Press, 1960, pp. 17-18. (13) Williamson, American Suffrage, pp. 25-39. (14) Sean Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005, p. 6. (15) Alfred H. Kelley, Winfred A. Harbison and Herman Belz, The American Constitution: Its Origins and Developmeut, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1991, pp.33-34. (16) McKinley, The Suffrage Franchise in the Thirteen English Colonies in America, p.487. (17) Jon Butler, Becoming America: The Revolution Before 1776, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 2000, pp. 96-97. (18) Williamson, American Suffrage,p.82. (19) Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy, p.9. (20) Williamson, American Suffrage,pp.80-81. (21) Williamson, American Suffrage,pp.108-109. (22) Willi Paul Adams, The First American Constitutions: Republican Ideology and the Making of the State Constitutions in the Revolutionary Era, New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1980, pp.315-331. (23) Taliesin Evans, American Citizenship and the Right of Suffrage in the United States, Oakland, Cal.: Tribune Print, 1892, p. 80. (24) Jackson Turner Main, “The Distribution of Property in Post-Revolutionary Virginia”, The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 41,No.2, 1954. (25) Francis N. Thorpe, “A Century's Struggle for the Franchise in the United States”, Harper's Magazine, 94,1897.(Periodicals Archive Online(PAO), http://pao.chadwyck. co.uk) (26) Joyce Appleby, Inheriting the Revolution: The First Generation of Americans, Cambridge, Mass.:The Belknap Press, 2000, p.26. (27) Alexander Keyssar, The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States, New York: Basic Books, 2000, p.35, pp.37-42. (28) Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy, p.117. (29) Keyssar, The Right to Vote, p.29; Kirk Harold Porter, A History of Suffrage in the United States, Chicago: IL.:The University of Chicago Press, 1918, p. 110. (30) Keyssar, The Right to Vote, p.32. (31) Joyce Appleby, Inheriting the Revolution: The First Generation of Americans, Cambridge, Mass. : The Belknap Press, 2000, pp.28-29. (32) Keyssar, The Right to Vote, p.52. (33) Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy, p. 196. (34) Judith Aptor Klinghoffer, and Lois Elkis, “The Petticoat Electors':Women's Suffrage in New Jersey, 1776-1807”, Journal of Early Republic, Vol. 12, No.2, 1992. (35) Leon Litwack, North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790-1860, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1961, p.79. (36) Litwack, North of Slavery, p.91. (37) 塞缪尔·P·亨廷顿：《变化社会中的政治秩序》，王冠华、刘为等译，北京：三联书店，1989年，第88页。 (38) Edward S. Greenberg, The American Political System: A Radical Approach, Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1989,p.203. (39) 塞缪尔·P·亨廷顿：《变化社会中的政治秩序》，第88页。 (40) J. R. Pole,“Representation and Authority in Virginia from the Revolution to Reform”, The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 24,No. 1,1958. (41) 王希：《原则与妥协：美国宪法的精神和实践》，北京：北京大学出版社，2000年，第586－587页。 (42) United States Statutes at Large, 14:375-376.(Heinonline法律数据库，http://www. heinonline, org/) (43) United States Statutes at Large, 14:379-380. (44) United States Statutes at Large, 14:428-430页. (45) 王希：《原则与妥协：美国宪法的精神和实践》，第587页。 (46) Rayford Logan, The Betrayal of the Negro: From Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson, New York: Collier Books, 1965, p.98. (47) Logan, The Betrayal of the Negro, p. 83. (48) 约翰·霍普·富兰克林：《美国黑人史》，北京：商务印书馆，1988年，第318、319页。 (49) Winston E. Langley and Vivian C. Fox, eds., Women's Rights in the United States: A Documentary History, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998, pp.82-85. (50) Marion Mills Miller, ed., Great Debates in American History, 14 vols., New York: Current Literature Publishing Company, 8: 346. (51) Keyssar, The Right to Vote, p. 390,附录A20. (52) 黄虚峰：《再探二十世纪初美国女权运动迅猛发展的原因》，《历史教学问题》2001年第2期。 (53) 张友伦、肖军、张聪：《美国社会的悖论——民主、平等与性别、种族歧视》，北京：中国社会科学出版社，1999年，第342页。 (54) Eleanor Flexner, Century of Struggle: The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States, Cambridge, Mass: The Belknap Press, 1975, p.321. (55) United States Statutes at Large, 79:437-446. (56) Steven F. Lawson, Running for Freedom: Civil Rights and Black Politics in America since 1941, New York: McGraw-Hill,1997,pp.115-116. (57) Keyssar, The Right to Vote, p.275. (58) Keyssar, The Right to Vote, p.275. (59) United States Statutes at Large, 84:316-317. (60) 王希：《原则与妥协：美国宪法的精神和实践》，第591页。 (61) Webdell W. Cultice, Youth's Battle for the Ballot: A History of Voting Age in America, New York: Greenwood Press, 1992, p.216. (62) United States Statutes at Large, 89:401-403. (63) United States Statutes at Large, 96:135. (64) 托克维尔：《论美国的民主》上卷，董果良译，北京：商务印书馆，1997年，第63页。 (65) Paul C. Light, A Delicate Balance: An Introduction to American Government, Boston: The Worth Publishers, Inc.,1999,p.308. (66) G. Bingham Powell, Jr.,“American Voter Turnout in Comparative Perspective”, The American Political Science Review, Vol. 80, No. 1,1986. (67) Donald Grier Stephenson, The Right to Vote: Rights and Liberties Under the Law, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2004, pp.20-22. (68) 詹姆斯·伯恩斯等：《民治政府》，陆震纶等译，北京：中国社会科学出版社，1996年，第445－446页。 (责任编辑：admin) |