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注释： ①徐浩：《浅析西欧中世纪工业组织的变化》，《世界历史》2005年第4期。 ②W.Cunningham,The growth of English Industry and Commerce during the Early and Middle Ages,Third Edition,Cambridge University Press,1896,appendix,p.567；《法兰克福敕令》的具体内容详见Roy C.Care and Herbert H.Coulson,eds.,A Source Book for Medieval Economic History,Biblo and Tannen,1965,p.130。 ③W.J.Ashley,An Introduction to English Economic History and Theory,Part I,The Middle Ages,Longmans,Green and Co.,1909,p.188. ④E.Lipson,The Economic History of England,Volume I,The Middle Ages,Adam and Charles Black,1947,pp.293-294. ⑤E.Lipson,The Economic History of England,Volume I,The Middle Ages,p.296. ⑥毋庸置疑，亨利二世(1154-1189)时曾颁布《面包法令》(Assize of Bread)。例如，坎宁安认为，尽管不是第一次尝试，但该法令肯定是在亨利二世时期成型的(W.Cunningham,The Growth of English Industry and Commerce during the Early and Middle Ages,p.250)。有学者将其称为“英国政府最早、最持久和最完整的有关面包质量、重量和公平价格的立法”(Assize of Bread,in Roy C.Care and Herbert H.Coulson,eds.,A Source Book for Medieval Economic History,pp.141-142)。然而，本文没有将其作为《面包和麦酒法令》的开端是因为：其一，它只是面包法令，不包括麦酒法令；二是它是否属于国家立法尚存争论。因为也有学者认为该法令并非国家立法，例如布里特奈尔指出，亨利二世时的面包法令主要用于宫廷附近地区，没有在全国实行，因而属于私人而非中央政府的法律(R.H.Britnell,The Commercialisation of English Society 1000-1500,Cambridge University Press,1993,p.26)。 ⑦R.H.Britnell,The Commercialisation of English Society 1000-1500,pp.94-95. ⑧W.J.Ashley,An Introduction to English Economic History and Theory,Part I,The Middle Ages,pp.188-189,190-191. ⑨L.F.Salzmann,English Industries of the Middle Ages,The Clarendon Press,1923,p.286. ⑩Alan S.C.Ross,"The Assize of Bread",The Economic History Review,New Series,Vol.9,No.2(1956),p.334. (11)"Assize of Measures",in A.E.Bland,P.A.Brown,and R.H.Tayney,English Economic History Select Documents,G.Bell and sons,Ltd.,1914,p.154. (12)锁子甲布(hauber,hawbark)为一种以小铁环织人布中或密缝于布面之布，专供制甲之用。当时织布之边较今日稍宽，故规定之宽度两码系不连边计算。刘启戈、李雅书选译：《中世纪中期的西欧》，商务印书馆1962年版，第75页。 (13)W.J.Ashley,An Introduction to English Economic History and Theory,Part II,The End of the Middle Ages,pp.180,181. (14)"Ordinances of the Weavers of Bristol,1346",in A.R.Myers,ed.,English Historical Documents,Vol.IV,1327-1485,Eyre & Spottiswoods,1969,p.1053. (15)J.L.Bolton,The Medieval English Economy 1150-1500,J.M.Dent,1980.p.140. (16)Sir William Ashley,The Economic Organisation of England:An Outline History,Longmans,Green and C.,1919,p.333. (17)Herbert Heaton,Economic History of Europe,Harper & Brother,1936,pp.216-217. (18)E.Lipson,The Economic History of England,Volume I,The Middle Ages,pp.351-353. (19)Heather Swanson,Medieval Artisans:An Urban Class in Late Medieval England,Basil Blackwell,1989,p.116. (20)L.F.Salzmann,English Industries of the Middle Ages,pp.323-326. (21)Sir William Ashley,The Economic Organisation of England:An Outline History,p.40. (22)L.F.Salzmann,English Industries of the Middle Ages,p.323. (23)John Harvey,Medieval Craftsmen,B.T.Batsford,1975,p.58. (24)Herbert Heaton,Economic History of Europe,pp.214,215. (25)耿淡如、黄瑞章译注：《世界中世纪史原始资料选辑》，天津人民出版社1959年版，第98页。 (26)刘启戈、李雅书选译：《中世纪晚期的西欧》，商务印书馆1962年版，第208、209，210页。 (27)L.F.Salzmann,English Industries of the Middle Ages,p.343. (28)Herbert Heaton,Economic History of Europe,pp.217-218. (29)L.F.Salzmann,English Industries of the Middle Ages,p.306. (30)"The Statute of Labourers,1349","The Second Statute of Labourers,1351",in R.Trevor Davies,ed.,Documents Illustrating the History of Civilization in Medieval England(1066-1500),Methuen & Co.Ltd,1926,pp.268-271,271-273. (责任编辑：admin) |