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注释： ①J.H.Breasted,A History of Egypt from the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest,New York:Charles Scribner's Sons,1905,p.237. ②S.L.D.Katary,Land Tenure in the Ramesside Period,London:Kegan Paul International,1989,p.23. ③D.Warburton,State and Economy in Ancient Egypt,G  ttingen:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,1997,p.327.④N.Grimal,A History of Ancient Egypt,Oxford and Cambridge:Oxford University Press,1992,p.92. ⑤J.H.Breasted,Ancient Records of Egypt,vol.I,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1906,pp.76-79; H.Goedicke,"Die Laufbahn des Mtn," MDAIK,vol.21,1966,pp.1-71; N.Strudwick,Texts from the Pyramid Age,Atlanta:Society of Biblical Literature,2005,pp.192-194；王亮、郭丹彤：《梅藤自传体铭文译注》，《古代文明》2012年第1期。 ⑥C.Eyre,"Feudal Tenure and Absentee Landlords," in S.Allam,ed.,Grund und Boden in Alt  gypten(rechtliche und sozio- Verhültnisse):Akten des internationalen Symposions,Tübingen 18-20,Juni 1990,Untersuchungen zum Rechtsleben im alten  2,Tübingen:Schafik Allam,1994,p.112.⑦J.C.Moreno García,"The State and the Organization of the Rural Landscape in 3rd Millennium BC Pharaonic Egypt," in M.Bollig et al.,eds.,Aridity,Change and Conflict in Africa:Proceedings of an International ACACIA Conference Held at K  nigswinter,Germany,Oct.1-3,2003,Cologne:Heinrich-Barth Institut,2007,p.319.⑧T.Wilkinson,Early Dynastic Egypt,London and New York:Routledge,1999,pp.129-131. ⑨J.H.Breasted,Ancient Records of Egypt,vol.Ⅰ,pp.89-90. ⑩K.Baer,"A Note on Egyptian Units of Area in the Old Kingdom," JNES,vol.15,1956,p.117; B.Kemp,"Old Kingdom,Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period c.2686-1552 BC," in B.Trigger et al.,eds.,Ancient Egypt:A Social History,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1983,p.104. (11)N.Strudwick,Texts from the Pyramid Age,pp.195-199; K.Baer,"A Note on Egyptian Units of Area in the Old Kingdom," pp.115-116; B.Kemp,"Old Kingdom,Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period c.2686-1552 BC," pp.105-106. (12)C.Eyre,"Work and the Organization of Work in the New Kingdom," in M.Powell,ed.,Labor in the Ancient Near East,American Oriental Series 68,New Haven,Conn.:American Oriental Society,1987,p.33. (13)C.Eyre,"Feudal Tenure and Absentee Landlords," p.111. (14)B.Kemp,Ancient Egypt:Anatomy of a Civilization,London and New York:Routledge,1989,p.240. (15)G.Reisner,"The Tomb of Hepzefa,Nomarch of Siut," JEA,vol.5,1918,pp.79-98; A.J.Spalinger,"A Redistributive Pattern at Assiut," JAOS,vol.105,1985,pp.7-20. (16)B.Kemp,"Old Kingdom,Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period c.2686-1552 BC," p.106; A.J.Spalinger,"A Redistributive Pattern at Assiut," pp.9-18. (17)M.Lichtheim,Ancient Egyptian Literature,vol.Ⅱ,Berkeley,Los Angeles and London:University of California Press,1976,pp.12-15. (18)郭丹彤：《试论埃及新王国时期的神庙经济》，《东北师大学报》(哲学社会科学版)1994年第2期。 (19)J.H.Breasted,Ancient Records of Egypt,vol.Ⅳ,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1906,pp.87-110; M.Romer,"Landholding," in D.Redford,ed.,The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt,vol.2,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,2001,p.257. (20)J.A.Wilson,"The Theban Tomb(no.409) of Si-Mut,Called Kiki," JNES,vol.29,1970,pp.187-192; E.Frood,Biographical Texts from Ramesside Egypt,Atlanta:Society of Biblical Literature,2007,pp.84-91. (21)D.Warburton,State and Economy in Ancient Egypt,p.70. (22)C.Eyre,"Work and the Organization of Work in the Old Kingdom," pp.5-47. (23)C.Eyre,"Work and the Organization of Work in the Old Kingdom," p.35; N.Strudwick,Texts from the Pyramid Age,pp.103-105. (24)I.Shaw,ed.,The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,2000,pp.148-183. (25)关于韦伯纸草的研究，参见A.H.Gardiner,The Wilbour Papyrus,vols.Ⅰ-Ⅲ Oxford:Oxford University Press,1941-1948; R.Faulkner,The Wilbour Papyrus,vol.Ⅳ:Index,A.H.Gardiner,ed.,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1952; S.L.D.Katary,"Land Tenure and Taxation," in T.Wilkinson,ed.,The Egyptian World,London and New York:Routledge,2007,pp.185-201; S.L.D.Katary,"The Administration of Institutional Agriculture in the New Kingdom," in J.C.Moreno Garcia,ed.,Ancient Egyptian Administration,Leiden,Boston:Brill,2013,pp.719-783; D.Warburton,State and Economy in Ancient Egypt,pp.165-169. (26)A.H.Gardiner,The Wilbour Papyrus,vol.Ⅱ,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1948,pp.24-25. (27)A.H.Gardiner,The Wilbour Papyrus,vol.Ⅱ,pp.59,182. (28)A.Erman and H.Grapow,eds.,W  rterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache,vol.Ⅱ,Berlin:AkademieVerlag,1957,p.268; R.O.Faulkner,A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian,Oxford:Ashmolean Museum,1981,p.133.(29)C.Eyre,"Work and the Organization of Work in the New Kingdom," p.209. (30)A.H.Gardiner,"A Protest Against Unjustified Tax-Demands," Rd'  ,vol.6,1951,pp.115-124; S.L.D.Katary,Land Tenure in the Ramesside Period,pp.207-216.(31)S.L.D.Katary,"Labour on Small Holdings in the New Kingdom:O.BM 5627 in Light of P.Wilbour," JSSEA,vol.28,2001,pp.111-123. (32)S.Vleeming,Papyrus Reinhardt:An Egyptian Land List from the Tenth Century B.C.,Berlin:Akademie Verlag,1993,pp.8-9,79. (33)J.J.Janssen,"Prolegomena to the Study of Egypt's Economic History during the New Kingdom," SAK,vol.3,1975,p.149. (34)C.Eyre,"Feudal Tenure and Absentee Landlords," p.125. (35)也即自耕农。参见王亮、郭丹彤：《梅藤自传体铭文译注》，《古代文明》2012年第1期。 (36)A.Gardiner,"Four Papyri of the Eighteenth Dynasty from Kahun,"  ,vol.43,1906,p.32.(37)C.Eyre,"Work and Organisation of Work in the New Kingdom," p.204. (38)G.Hughes,"Notes on Demotic Egyptian Leases of Property," JNES,vol.32,1973,pp.152-160. (39)A.Lloyd,"The Late Period,664-323 BC," in B.Trigger et al.,eds.,Ancient Egypt:A Social History,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1983,p.307. (40)C.Eyre,"Feudal Tenure and Absentee Landlords," p.130. (41)K.Baer,"The Low Price of Land in Ancient Egypt," JARCE,vol.1,1962,pp.30-31,n.43. (42)J.H.Breasted,Ancient Records of Egypt,vol.Ⅰ,pp.76-79. (43)A.Theodorides,"The Concept of Law in Ancient Egypt," in J.R.Harris,ed.,The Legacy of Egypt,Oxford:Clarendon Press,1971,pp.291-292. (44)G.Mattha,The Demotic Legal Code of Hermopolis West,Bibliothèque d'étude,vol.45,Cairo:IFAO,1975,pp.79,81,107. (45)G.Mattha,The Demotic Legal Code of Hermopolis West,Bibliothèque d'étude,vol.45,p.24. (46)G.Mattha,The Demotic Legal Code of Hermopolis West,Bibliothèque d'étude,vol.45,pp.22-23. (47)G.Mattha,The Demotic Legal Code of Hermopolis West,Bibliothèque d'étude,vol.45,pp.82-88. (48)G.Mattha,The Demotic Legal Code of Hermopolis West,Bibliothèque d'étude,vol.45,pp.20-21. (49)J.J.Janseen and P.W.Pestman,"Burial and Inheritance in the Community of the Necropolis Workmen at Thebes(Pap.Bulaq X and O.Petrie 16)," JESHO,vol.11,1968,p.165. (50)J.  ,"The Will of Naunakhte and the Related Documents," JEA,vol.31,1945,pp.29-53.(51)A.David,The Legal Register of Ramesside Private Law Instruments,Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag,2006,pp.111-117. (52)A.Théodorides,"Le testament dans l'Egypte ancienne(essentiellement d'après le Papyrus Kahoun Ⅶ,1,la Stèle de Sénimosé et le Papyrus Turin 2021)," RIDA,vol.17,1970,pp.117-216. (53)R.O.Faulkner,A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian,p.18. (54)A.David,The Legal Register of Ramesside Private Law Instruments,pp.144-159; J.  " and T.Eric Peet,"A Marriage Settlement of the Twentieth Dynasty:An Unpublished Document from Turin," JEA,vol.13,1927,pp.30-39.(55)J.  ,"The Will of Naunakhte and the Related Documents," pp.29-53.(56)参见第十九王朝国王阿蒙迈斯统治时期的布鲁塞尔6311号陶石片。K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Translations:Translations,vol.Ⅳ,Oxford:Blackwell,2003,p.162. (57)参见第十九王朝国王拉美西斯二世统治期间的卢浮宫13156号陶石片。K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Notes:Translations,vol.Ⅲ,Oxford:Blackwell,2000,p.379. (58)A.H.Gardiner,"Adoption Extraordinary," JEA,vol.26,1940,pp.23-29. (59)K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Notes:Translations,vol.Ⅲ,pp.302-312. (60)K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Notes:Translations,vol.Ⅴ,Oxford:Blackwell,2008,pp.368-369. (61)K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Notes:Translations,vol.Ⅴ,pp.383-384. (62)C.Eyre,"Feudal Tenure and Absentee Landlords," p.132. (63)R.O.Faulkner,"The Installation of the Vizier," JEA,vol.41,1955,pp.18-29; T.G.H.James,Pharaoh's People:Scenes from Life in Imperial Egypt,New York:The Bodley Head Ltd.,1984,p.65. (64)R.O.Faulkner,"The Installation of the Vizier," pp.18-29. (65)R.O.Faulkner,"The Installation of the Vizier," pp.18-29. (66)A.H.Gardiner,"Regnal Years and Civil Calendars in Pharaonic Egypt," JEA,vol.31,1945,pp.11-28. (67)S.Vleeming,Papyrus Reinhardt:An Egyptian Land List from the Tenth Century B.C.,pp.1,12,17. (68)K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Notes:Translations,vol.Ⅴ,p.449. (69)K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Notes:Translations,vol.Ⅴ,p.448. (70)K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Notes:Translations,vol.Ⅴ,p.448. (71)K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Notes:Translations,vol.Ⅴ,pp.379-380. (72)K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Notes:Translations,vol.Ⅴ,p.448. (73)K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Notes:Translations,vol.Ⅴ,p.444. (74)R.Caminos,Late-Egyptian Miscellanies,London:Oxford University Press.1954,p.326. (75)R.O.Faulkner,"The Installation of the Vizier," pp.18-29. (76)K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Notes:Translations,vol.Ⅰ,Oxford:Blackwell,1993,p.49; F.LI.Griffith,"The Abydos Decree of Seti at Nauri," JEA,vol.13,1927,pp.193-208. (77)K.A.Kitchen,Ramesside Inscriptions:Translated and Annotated Notes:Translations,vol.Ⅱ,Oxford:Blackwell,1999,pp.528 530. (78)A.H.Gardiner,"The Dakhleh Stela," JEA,vol.19,1933,pp.19-30,plates v-vii; K.A.Kitchen,The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt(1100-650 BC),Warminster:Aris and Phillips,1996,p.247. （本文刊于《历史研究》2016年第4期） (责任编辑：admin) |