（30）http://www.ncph.org/AboutTheCouneil/WhatisPublicHistory/tabid/282/Default.aspx.
    （31）Cathy Stanton,"'What Is Public History?' Redux," http://www.ncph.org/AboutTheCouncil/WhatisPublicHistory/tabid/282/Default.aspx.
    （32）Susan Porter Benson,Stephen Brier,and Roy Rosenzweig,eds.,Presenting the Past:Essays on History and the Public,p.xvii.最近，丹麦学者詹森（Bernard Eric Jensen）也注意到所谓“popular history”（大众史学或流行史学）和“public history”（公共史学）之间的交叉性及其定义的模糊性。一些所谓的“大众历史”并没有在公共空间中层示，而另外一些则与“专业史学”（academic history）有异曲同工之处。参见Bernard Eric Jensen,"Usable Pasts:Comparing Approaches to Popular and Public History," in Paul Ashton and Hilda Kean,eds.,People and Their Pasts:Public History Today,London:Palgrave,2009,pp.43-44.
    （33）Susan Porter Benson,Stephen Brier and Roy Rosenzweig,eds.,Presenting the Past:Essays on History and the Public,p.xvii.罗伊·罗森维格（Roy Rosenweig,1950-2007）和戴维·西伦（David Thelen）在调查了普通美国人对公共史学的应用后得出结论：有效地使用“过去”，对许多人来说，是一种增强政治力量（political empowerment）的方式。参见Roy Rosenzweig and David Thelen,The Presence of the Past:Popular Uses of History in American Life,New York:Columbia University Press,1998,p.4; Rebecca Conard,"Do You Hear What I Hear? Public History and the Interpretive Challenge," The Public Historian,vol.22,no.1 （Winter 2000），p.16.
    （34）Michael Wallace,"Visiting the Past:History Museums in the United States," in Susan Porter Benson,Stephen Brier and Roy Rosenzweig,eds.,Presenting the Past:Essays on History and the Public,p.158.
    （35）Peter Novick,That Noble Dream:The "Objective Question" and the American Historical Profession,pp.510-512; Michael Frisch,A Shared Authority:Essays on the Craft and Meaning of Oral and Public History,Albany:State University of New York Press,1990,pp.xvii-xx.
    （36）U.S.Congress,Senate Resolution 257—"Relating to the 'Enola Gay' Exhibit," Congressional Record,103 Cong.,2 sess.,（September 19,1994），p.S12968,adopted as proposed.,ibid.,September 22,1994,pp.S13315-16.关于Enola Gay展览的辩论，参见"History after the Enola Gay Controversy," Journal of American History,vol.82 （December 1995），pp.1029-1144; Edward T.Linenthal and Tom Engelhardt,eds.,History Wars:The "Enola Gay" and Other Battles for the American Past, New York:Metropolitan Books,1996,pp.9-209.
    （37）Martin Harwit,An Exhibit Denied:Lobbying the History of Enola Gay,New York:Copernicus,1996.
    （38）Gary Nash,Charlotte Crabtree and Ross E.Dunn,History on Trial:Cultural Wars and the Teaching of the Past,New York:Alfred A.Knopf,1997；关于美国中学历史教学标准引起的争议与辩论，参见王希：《何谓美国历史？——围绕〈美国历史教学标准〉引起的辩论》，《美国研究》1998年第4期，第7-40页。
    （39）王希：《何谓美国历史？——围绕〈美国历史教学标准〉引起的辩论》，《美国研究》1998年第4期。
    （40）David Glassberg,Sense of History:The Place of the Past in American Life,p.10.
    （41）关于想象的共同体和公民信仰的相关论述，参见Benedict Anderson,Imagined Communities:Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism,New York:Verso,1991; Robert Bellah,"Civil Religions in America," Daedalus,vol.96,no.1 （Winter 1967），pp.1-21; Michael Kammen,Mystic Chords of Memory,New York:Alfred A.Knopf,1991; Peter Novick,That Noble Dream:The "Objective Question" and the American Historical Profession,p.517.
    （42）Peter Novick,That Noble Dream:The "Objective Question" and the American Historical Profession,pp.512-521.
    （43）Peter Novick,That Noble Dream:The "Objective Question" and the American Historical Profession,p.520.关于美国历史学会（AHA）对历史学家的定义，参见Thomas Bender,Philip M.Katz,Colin Palmer,and the Committee on Graduate Education of the American Historical Association,The Education of Historians for the Twenty-first Century,Urbana:University of Illinois Press,2004,p.3.
    （44）Michael Frisch,A Shared Authority:Essays on the Craft and Meaning of Oral and Public History,p.xx.
    （45）James Green,Taking History to Heart:The Power of the Past in Building Social Movements,Amherst:University of Massachusetts Press,2000,p.1.
    （46）Peter Novick,That Noble Dream:The "Objective Question" and the American Historical Profession; Rebecca Conard,Benjamin Shambaugh and the Intellectual Foundations of Public History,Iowa City:University of Iowa Press,2002,chapter 1.
    （47）Michel de Certeau,The Writing of History,trans.T.Conley,New York:Columbia University Press,1988,p.57，转引自Simon Gunn,Historyand Cultural Theory,Harlow:Pearson,2006,pp.44-45.
    （48）关于电子技术对历史研究和历史资料保存和应用的意义的最新综合研究，参见Daniel J.Cohen and Roy Rosenzweig,Digital History:A Guide to Gathering,Preserving,and Presenting the Past on the Web,Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,2005; Toni Weller,Information History-An Introduction:Exploring an Emergent Field,Oxford:Chandos Publishing,2008.