（12）C. S. Orwin, " Observations on the Open Fields, " The Economic History Review, vol. 8, no. 2, May 1938, p. 131; Warren O. Ault, Open-Field Farming in Medieval England: A Study of Village By-Laws, pp. 82, 99; Warren O. Ault, " Some Early Village By-Laws, " The English Historical Review, vol. 45, no. 178, Apr. 1930, p. 231.
    （13）Warren O. Ault, " Village By-laws by Common Consent, " Speculum, vol. 29, no. 2, Apr. 1954, pp. 392, 393, 380.
    （14）George W. Grantham, " The Persistence of Open-field Farming in Nineteenth-Century France, " The Journal of Economic History, vol. 40, no. 3, Sep. 1980, p. 521.
    （15）Warren O. Ault, " Some Early Village By-Laws, " The English Historical Review, vol. 45, no. 178, Apr. 1930, p. 229.
    （16）Caroline Castiglione, " Political Culture in Seventeenth-Century Italian Villages, " Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 31, no. 4, Spring 2001, p. 530.
    （17）Sir Paul Vinogradoff, Villainage in England, p. 6.
    （18）Susan Reynolds, Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe, 900-1300, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984, pp. 132, 133, 138, 139.
    （19）Montague Fordham, A Short History of English Rural Life, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. , 1916, p. 13.
    （20）Warren O. Ault, " Some Early Village By-Laws, " The English Historical Review, vol. 45, no. 178, Apr. 1930, pp. 223-225.
    （21）C. S. and C. S. Orwin, The Open Fields, pp. 127, 128.
    （22）参见赵文洪：《中世纪欧洲村庄的自治》，《世界历史》待刊。
    （23）Warren O. Ault, " Village By-laws by Common Consent, " Speculum, vol. 29, no. 2, Apr. 1954, p. 389.
    （24）亨利·斯坦利·贝内特：《英国庄园生活：1150-1400年农民生活状况研究》，龙秀清、孙立田、赵文君译，侯建新校，上海：上海人民出版社，2005年，第176页。
    （25）Susan Reynolds, Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe, 900-1300, pp. 115, 142, 390.
    （26）Frances and Joseph Gies, Life in a Medieval Village, p. 173.
    （27）G. G. Coulton, The Medieval Village, Cambridge University Press, 1925, pp. 72-73.
    （28）Warren O. Ault, " Village By-laws by Common Consent, " Speculum, vol. 29, no. 2, Apr. 1954, p. 390.
    （29）哈罗德·J. 伯尔曼：《法律与革命--西方法律传统的形成》，贺卫方等译，北京：中国大百科全书出版社，1993年，第397页。
    （30）亨利·斯坦利·贝内特：《英国庄园生活：1150-1400年农民生活状况研究》，第185页。
    （31）Warren O. Ault, " Village By-laws by Common Consent, " Speculum, pp. 382, 391.
    （32）Thomas Edward Scrutton, Commons and Common Fields, New York: Burt Franklin, reprinted in 1970, p. 23.
    （33）Susan Reynolds, Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe, 900-1300, pp. 141, 142, 144.
    （34）Frances and Joseph Gies, Life in a Medieval Village, pp. 68-69.
    （35）R. H. Hilton, " Freedom and Villeinage in England, " Past and Present, no. 31, Jul. 1965, pp. 3, 4, 5. 关于“自由”概念之模糊的探讨，另见Frances and Joseph Gies, Life in a Medieval Village, pp. 68-69; Susan Reynolds, Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe, 900-1300, pp. 112-113.
    （36）J. A. Yelling, Common Field and Enclosure in England 1450-1850, p. 215.
    （37）G. G. Coulton, The Medieval Village, pp. 72-73; Susan Reynolds, Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe, 900-1300, p. 120.