(23)The Laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts:From November 28,1780 to February 28,1807,vol.1,Boston,1807,p.115,http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433008587432;view=1up;seq=9
    (24)An Act of the General Assembly of the State of Maryland,Entitled,an Act for Making the River Susquehanna Navigable from the Line of This State to Tide Water,Annapolis,1784,p.4,http://galenet.galegroup.com.proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu.
    (25)Private and Special Statutes of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,from the Year 1780,to ...1805,vol.1,Boston,1805,pp.224-226,http://infoweb.newsbank.com/
    (26)An Act to Incorporate the Union Canal Company,of Pennsylvania,with the Bye-Laws,Rules,Orders and Regulations,Philadelphia,1811,p.3,http://galenet.galegroup.com.proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu.
    (27)各州议会在颁发给商业公司的特许状中，都明确列出了商业公司的特权。一般来说，商业公司具有地方垄断性。比如1792年，宾夕法尼亚授权组建公路公司的法令就规定：“公司和公司的管理者拥有在该路段的所有水域建立永久性桥梁的权力”。1818年，马萨诸塞赋予波士顿一罗克斯伯里磨坊厂特许状的法令中提到，磨坊厂能够“出售或租赁水域，期限和条件由他们决定”。1784年马里兰批准建立萨斯奎汉纳河航线的法令中提到，获得授权的公司在沿线“有完全的权力建立谷物磨坊和其他水力项目”，其他人不得在此地另建运河，也不得对运河航线造成损害。“公司拥有完全的权力使用河流的水资源，为建立的运河作补给，或者用于水利项目。”引自"An Act to Enable the Governor of this Commonwealth to Incorporate a Company,for Making an Artificial Road from the City of Philadelphia to the Borough of Lancaster," Dunlap's American Daily Advertiser,Apr.18,1792,http://infoweb.newsbank.com/; Boston and Roxbury Mill Corporation,Boston,1818,p.15,http://infoweb.newsbank.com/; An Act of the General Assembly of the State of Maryland,Entitled,an Act for Making the River Susquehanna Navigable from the Line of this State to Tide Water,pp.10-11.
    (28)"A Declaration of the Rights of the Inhabitants of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts(1780)," The Revised Statutes of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,Boston,1836,p.21,http://books.google.com/; Virginia Bill of Rights,Jun.12,1776,http://www.constitution.org/bor/vir_bor.htm.
    (29)"National Bank,Dec.13,1790," New York Daily Gazette,Dec.25,1790,http://infoweb.newsbank.com/
    (30)Oscar Handlin and Mary F.Handlin,"Origins of the American Business Corporation,".p.22.
    (31)"Treasury Department,Dec.13,1790," Pennsylvania Packet,Dec.23,1790,http://infoweb.newsbank.com/黑体字为原文斜体。
    (32)"National Bank:Communicated to the House of Representatives,Dec.14,1790," p.72.
    (33)"General Assembly Saturday,April 1,1786,A.M.," Pennsylvania Evening Herald,May 10,1786,http://infoweb.newsbank.com/.
    (34)"Treasury Department,Dec.13,1790."
    (35)"National Bank:Communicated to the House of Representatives,December 14,1790," pp.74-75; "Treasury Department,Dec.13,1790."
    (36)Laws of the Bank of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,1811,p.18,http://infoweb.newsbank.com/.
    (37)An Act to Incorporate the President,Directors,and Company of the Dedham Bank,Together with the Bye Laws of Said Corporation,Dedham,1815,pp.8-9,http://infoweb.newsbank.com/
    (38)Oscar Handlin and Mary Flug Handlin,Commonwealth:A Study of the Role of Government in the American Economy:Massachusetts,1774-1861,pp.119-120.
    (39)关于美国革命时期至建国初期“精英”的界定参见Gary J.Kornblith and John M.Murrin,"The Making and Unmaking of an American Ruling Class," in Alfred F.Young,ed.,Beyond the American Revolution:Explorations in the History of American Radicalism,Dekalb,IL:Northern Illinois University Press,1993,pp.43-64; Gordon S.Wood,The Creation of the American Republic,1776-1787,New York:W.W.Norton & Company,1993,pp.71,479; Terry Bouton,Taming Democracy:"The People," the Founders,and the Troubled Ending of the American Revolution,New York:Oxford University Press,2007,p.129.
    (40)Andrew M.Schocket,Founding Corporate Power in Early National Philadelphia,p.40.
    (41)Joseph Stancliffe Davis,Essays in the Earlier History of American Corporations,vol.1,Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1917,p.354.
    (42)"Treasury Department,Dec.13,1790."
    (43)"Bank of Pennsylvania,December 16th,1793," General Advertiser,Jan.21,1794,http://infoweb.newsbank.com/
    (44)"An Act to Enable the Governor of this Commonwealth to Incorporate a Company,for Making an Artificial Road from the City of Philadelphia to the Borough of Lancaster."
    (45)Louis Hartz,Economic Policy and Democratic Thought:Pennsylvania,1776-1860,Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1948,p.96,note 49.
    (46)"Alexander Hamilton to Robert Morris,Apr.30,1781," in E.James Ferguson,ed.,The Papers of Robert Morris,1781-1784,vol.1,Pittsburgh:University of.Pittsburgh Press,1973,pp.31-32,http://digital.library.pitt.edu/
    (47)Andrew M.Schocket,Founding Corporate Power in Early National Philadelphia,pp.46,54.
    (48)Andrew Shankman,"'A New Thing on Earth':Alexander Hamilton,Pro-Manufacturing Republicans,and the Democratization of American Political Economy," Journal of the Early Republic,vol.23,no.3(Autumn 2003),p.333.
    (49)Theodore Sedgwick,A Memoir of the Life of William Livingston,New York,1833,p.403,http://books.google.com.hk/books
    (50)"John Jay to Jefferson,Feb.9,1787," in Julian P.Boyd,ed.,The Papers of Thomas Jefferson,vol.11,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1955,p.129.
    (51)Robert James Gough,Towards a Theory of Class and Social Conflict:A Social History of Wealthy Philadelphia,1775 and 1800,Ph.D.Dissertation,University of Pennsylvania,1978,p.262.
    (52)Andrew M.Schocket,Founding Corporate Power in Early National Philadelphia,p.17.
    (53)Joseph Stancliffe Davis,Essays in the Earlier History of American Corporations,vol.1,pp.372-373.
    (54)Joseph Stancliffe Davis,Essays in the Earlier History of American Corporations,vol.2,p.69.
    (55)Bray Hammond,Banks and Politics in America:From the Revolution to the Civil War,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1985,p.104.
    (56)Andrew M.Schocket,Founding Corporate Power in Early National Philadelphia,pp.88,102,81.
    (57)Andrew M.Schocket,Founding Corporate Power in Early National Philadelphia,p.89.