(29)Claudio Saunt,"The Paradox of Freedom:Tribal Sovereignty and Emancipation during the Reconstruction of Indian Territory," The Journal of Southern History,Vol.70,No.1,Jan.2004,p.79.
    (30)Annie Heloise Abel,The American Indian under Reconstruction,Cleveland:Arthur H.Clark Company,1925,pp.190-191.
    (31)Kenneth W.Porter,"Relations between Negroes and Indians within the Present Limits of the United States," Journal of Negro History,Val.17,No.3,July 1932,p.357.
    (32)Claudio Saunt,"The Paradox of Freedom:Tribal Sovereignty and Emancipation during the Reconstruction of Indian Territory," The Journal of Southern History,Vol.70,No.1,Jan.2004,p.86.
    (33)Claudio Saunt,"The Paradox of Freedom:Tribal Sovereignty and Emancipation during the Reconstruction of Indian Territory," The Journal of Southern History,Vol.70,No.1,Jan.2004,p.87.
    (34)Daniel F.Littlefield,The Cherokee Freedmen:From Emancipation to American Citizenship,Westport,Conn.:Greenwood Press,1978,pp.52-55,p.57.
    (35)Wyatt F.Jeltz,"The Relations of Negroes and Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians," The Journal of Negro History,Vol.33,No.1,Jan.1948,p.35.
    (36)Thomas Bailey,Reconstruction in Indian Territory:A Story of Avarice,Discrimination,and Opportunism,Port Washington,N.Y.,Kennikat Press,1972,p.180.
    (37)Donald A.Grinde,Jr.,and Quintard Taylor,"Red vs Black:Conflict and Accommodation in the Post Civil War Indian Territory,1865-1907," American Indian Quarterly,Vol.8,No.3,Summer 1984,pp.216-217.
    (38)Donald A.Grinde,Jr.,and Quintard Taylor,"Red vs Black:Conflict and Accommodation in the Post Civil War Indian Territory,1865-1907," American Indian Quarterly,Vol.8,No.3,Summer 1984,pp.213-214,p.218,p.222.
    (39)James Olson and Raymond Wilson,Native Americans in the Twentieth Century,Urbana and Chicago:University of Illinois Press,1984,p.72.
    (40)Charles Kappler,ed.,Indian Affairs:Laws and Treaties,Vol.1,Laws,Washington D.C.:Government Printing Office,1904,pp.90-100.
    (41)Katja May,African Americans and Native Americans in the Creek and Cherokee Nations,1830s to 1920s:Collision and Collusion,New York:Garland Publishing,Inc.,1996,p.240.(按：原文数字计算有误，本文作者作了更正)(42)Phillip Mellinger,"Discrimination and Statehood in Oklahoma," Chronicles of Oklahoma,Vol.49,Autumn 1971,pp.343-345.
    (43)Phillip Mellinger,"Discrimination and Statehood in Oklahoma," Chronicles of Oklahoma,Vol.49,Autumn 1971,pp.345-378.
    (44)Katja May,African Americans and Native Americans in the Creek and Cherokee Nations,1830 s to 1920 s:Collision and Collusion,New York:Garland Publishing,Inc.,1996,p.241.
    (45)William McLoughlin,"Red Indians,Black Slavery,and White Racism:America's Slaveholding Indians," American Quarterly,Vol.26,No.4,October 1974,p.383.
    (46)Theda Perdue.Slavery and the Evolution of Cherokee Society,1540-1866,Knoxville:The University of Tennessee Press,1979,p.143.
    (47)Donald A.Grinde,Jr.,and Quintard Taylor,"Red vs Black:Conflict and Accommodation in the Post Civil War Indian Territory,1865-1907," American Indian Quarterly,Vol.8,No.3,Summer 1984,p.221.