(15)U.S.Commission on Immigration Reform,Legal Immigration:Setting Priorities,1995 Legal Immigration Report to Congress,Washington D.C.:U.S.Government Printing Office,1995,pp.31-32.
    (16)Guilermina Jasso,Mark R.Rosenzweig and James Smith,"The Changing Skill of New Immigrants to the United States:Recent Trends and their Determinants",Working Paper 6764,National Bureau of Economic Research,(October,1998),pp.14,21.http://www.nber.org/papers/w6764
    (17)David E.Simcox,American Immigration in the 1980s,Boulder,Colorado:Westview Press,1988,pp.52-53.
    (18)OECD,Trends in International Migration:Annual Report,Paris:Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,2004,p.34.
    (19)U.S.Department of Labor,Bureau of International Affairs,The Effects of Immigration on the U.S.Economy and Labor Market,p.40.
    (20)U.S.Congress,House of Representatives,Immigration and America's Workforce for the 21st Century:Hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary,House of Representatives,Serial No.93,Washington D.C.:U.S.Government Printing Office,1999,p.181.
    (21)Gabriella C.Gonzalez,Educational Attainment in Immigrant Families,pp.5-6.
    (22)Armando Navarro,The Immigration Crisis,pp.116,211.
    (23)U.S.National Science Foundation,National Science Board,Science Indicators,1976,Report of the National Science Board,1977,Washington D.C.:U.S.Government Printing Office,1977,p.165.
    (24)National Science Foundation,Science and Engineering Doctorates:1960-1981,Special Report NSF 83-309,Washington D.C.National Science Foundation,1983,p.68.
    (25)Steven J.Gold and Rubén G.Rumbaut,The New Americans:Recent Immigration and American Society,New York:LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC,2006,pp.18.20.24.
    (26)U.S.Congress,House of Representatives,Immigration and America's Workforcefor the 21st Century,pp.46-48,168,180-181.
    (27)U.S.Congress,House of Representatives,Status of Regulations Implementing the American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act of 1998:Hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary,House of the Representatives,Serial No.113.Washington D.C:U.S.Government Printing Office,2000,p.57.
    (28)Vernon M.Briggs,Jr.,Mass Immigration and the National Interest,pp.224-225.
    (29)U.S.Congress,House of Representatives,Immigration and America's Workforce for the 21st Century,pp.3,181.
    (30)Steven J.Gold and Rubén G.Rumbaut,The New Americans:Recent Immigration and American Society,p.26; Jeanne Batalova,Skilled Immigrant and Native Workers in the United States:The Economic Competition Debate and Beyond,New York:LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC,2006,p.25.
    (31)U.S Congress,Senate,The L-1 Visa and American Interests in the 21st Century Global Economy:Hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration,Border,Security and Citizenship of the Judiciary Committee,Serial No.J-108-31,Washington D.C.:U.S.Government Printing Office,2004,p.88.
    (32)U.S.Department of Homeland Security,Office of Immigration Statistics,Annual Flow Report:Nonimmigrant Admissions to the United States:2007,August,2008,p.5; http://www.dbs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/ois_ni_fr_2007.pdf
    (33)U.S.Congress,House of Representatives,Status of Regulations Implementing the American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act of 1998,pp.8,18.
    (34)Roger G.Kramer,Development in the International Migration to the United States:2003,Washington D.C.:U.S.Department of Labor,Working Paper No.38,December,2003,p.45.
    (35)OECD,Trends in International Migration,p.61.
    (36)David L.Bartlett,U.S.Immigration Policy in Global Perspective:International Migration in OECD Countries,Washington,D.C.:American Immigration Law Foundation,2007,pp.2,6.www.ailf.org