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注释： ①这种情况在西方出现过，现在可能会在中国史学界出现。(参见复旦大学历史学系、复旦大学中外现代化进程研究中心编：《新文化史与中国近代史研究》，上海：上海古籍出版社，2009年) ②Peter Burke, "Overture: The New History, Its Past and Its Future," in Peter Burke, ed., New Perspectives on Historical Writing, Second Edition, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001, p.18. ③Geoff Eley, "Is All the World a Text? From Social History to the History of Society Two Decades Later," in Terrence J. McDonald, ed., The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1996, pp. 193-194.有关研究也证实了大西洋两岸的历史学者对社会经济史的兴趣衰落和对思想文化史兴趣增长的趋势。Thomas J. Schaeper, "French History as Written on Both Sides of the Atlantic: A Comparative Analysis," French Historical Studies, vol. 17, no. 1(Spring 1991), pp 242, 243, 246. ④Hans Medick, "'Missionaries in the Rowboat?' Ethnological Ways of Knowing as a Challenge to Social History," in Alf Ludtke, ed., The History of Everyday Life: Reconstructing Historical Experiences and Ways of Life, trans. William Templer, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995, pp. 41-71. ⑤Patrick Joyce, "The End of Social History?" Social History, vol. 20, no. 1(January 1995), pp. 73-91. ⑥Paula S. Fass, "Cultural History/Social History: Some Reflections on a Continuing Dialogue," Journal of Social History, vol. 37, no. 1(Fall 2003), p. 40.彼得·伯克：《历史学与社会理论》，姚朋等译，上海：上海人民出版社，2010年，第20—21页。 ⑦70年代初，霍布斯鲍姆感觉到了这样的好时光。参见Eric Hobsbawn, "From Social History to the History of Society," in Eric Hobsbawn, On History, London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1997, pp. 71-93. ⑧Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt, eds., Beyond the Cultural Turn: New Directions in the Study of Society and Culture, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999, "Preface". ⑨于尔根·科卡：《社会史：理论与实践》，景德祥译，上海：上海人民出版社，2006年，第251页。 ⑩施皮格尔将语言转向之后的历史学称为“实践的历史”。Gabrielle M. Spiegel, ed., Practicing History: New Directions in Historical Writing after the Linguistic Turn, New York: Routledge, 2005. (11)卡夫雷拉将超越文化转向后的历史研究称为“后社会史”。Miguel A. Cabrera, Postsocial History: An Introduction, trans Marie McMahon, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2004.该书中文版：《后社会史初探》，李康译，北京：北京大学出版社，2008年。 (12)John Tosh, ed., Historians on History, second edition, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2000, p. 13. (13)社会史学家杰夫·埃利以其自身在20世纪下半叶从事历史研究的经历和认识，写成《曲线：从文化史到社会史》一书(Geoff Eley, A Crooked Line: From Cultural History to the History of Society, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2005)，揭示了20世纪下半叶历史学经历过的曲折过程。 (14)比如他的《风俗论》就被认为是这一类作品。 (15)转引自彼得·伯克：《法国史学革命：年鉴学派，1929-1989》，刘永华译，北京：北京大学出版社，2006年，第2页。 (16)参见Georg G. Iggers and Q. Edward Wang, A Global History of Modern Historiography, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2008, p.159；格奥尔格·G.伊格尔斯：《德国的历史观》，彭刚、顾杭译，南京：译林出版社，2006年，第265—268页。 (17)参见满云龙：《美国社会史学的兴起与美国的社会和文化》，中国留美历史学会编：《当代欧美史学评析》，北京：人民出版社，1990年，第85—101页。 (18)Georg G. Iggers and Q. Edward Wang, A Global History of Modern Historiography, pp. 160-161. (19)Lynn Hunt, ed., The New Cultural History, Berkley: University of California Press, 1989, p. 6. (20)参见詹姆斯·哈威·鲁滨孙：《新史学》，齐思和等译，北京：商务印书馆，1989年，第3—20页。 (21)Eric Hobsbawn, "From Social History to the History of Society," pp. 72-74. (22)Harold Perkin, "Social History in Britain," Journal of Social History, vol. 10, no. 2(Winter 1976), p.129. (23)Richard T. Vann, "The Rhetoric of Social History," Journal of Social History, vol. 10, no. 2(Winter 1976), p.222. (24)S. Bowlby, "Social History," in N. J. Smelser and P. B. Baltes, eds., International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd., 2001, p. 14299. (25)菲利普·阿里埃斯：《心态史学》，雅克·勒高夫等编：《新史学》，上海：上海译文出版社，1989年，第172页。 (26)Peter Burke, "Overture: The New History, Its Past and Its Future," p.9. (27)关于“人民的历史”，可参见Raphael Samuel, "Editorial Prefaces: People's History," in Raphael Samuel, ed., People's History and Socialist Theory, London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, pp. xv-xxxix. (28)自从E. P.汤普森提出“自下而来的历史”以后，这一概念得到广泛使用，并得到进一步的阐述。E. P Thompson, "History from Below," The Times Literary Supplement, April 7, 1966, pp. 279-280; Jim Sharpe, "History from Below," in Peter Burke, ed., New Perspectives on Historical Writing, pp. 25-42；霍布斯鲍姆：《论来自下层的历史》，《史学家：历史神话的终结者》，马俊亚、郭英剑译，上海：上海人民出版社，2002年，第233—249页。 (29)Nicole Eustace, "When Fish Walk on Land: Social History in a Postmodern World," Journal of Social History, vol. 37, no. 1(Fall 2003), p. 80. (30)娜塔莉·泽蒙·戴维斯：《马丁·盖尔归来》，刘永华译，北京：北京大学出版社，2009年，第16页。 (31)玛丽亚·露西娅·帕拉蕾丝—伯克编：《新史学：自白与对话》，彭刚译，北京：北京大学出版社，2006年，第76页。 (32)埃马纽埃尔·勒华拉杜里：《蒙塔尤》，许明龙等译，北京：商务印书馆，1997年。 (33)玛丽亚·露西娅·帕拉蕾丝—伯克编：《新史学：自白与对话》，第76页。 (34)伊格尔斯：《二十世纪的历史学——从科学的客观性到后现代的挑战》，何兆武译，沈阳：辽宁教育出版社，2003年，第131页。 (35)近藤和彦：《关于母亲/政治文化/身体政治：林·亨特访谈录》，陈恒、耿相新主编：《新史学》第4辑(新文化史)，郑州：大象出版社，2005年，第267页。 (36)在拉裴尔·塞缪尔看来，E. P.汤普森的《英国工人阶级的形成》就是具有左翼色彩的有关人民的历史研究，而屈维廉的《英国社会史》是一部缺乏斗争和理想但又具有强烈的宗教和价值意识的历史著作，属于右翼版本的人民史。Raphael Samuel, "Editorial Prefaces: People's History," in Raphael Samuel, ed., People's History and Socialist Theory, London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981. pp. xx, xxi. (37)Harold Perkin, "Social History in Britain," p. 136. (38)在美国，从1958年到1978年的20年里，社会史方面的博士论文所占比例增加了三倍，超越政治史而成为研究生最主要的选题范围。(参见乔伊斯·阿普尔比、林恩·亨特、玛格丽特·雅各布：《历史的真相》，刘北成、薛绚译，北京：中央编译出版社，1999年，第130页) (39)Geoff Eley, A Crooked Line: From Cultural History to the History of Society, p. 45. (40)伊格尔斯：《二十世纪的历史学——从科学的客观性到后现代的挑战》，第76页。 (41)Hartmut Kaelble, "Social History in Europe," Journal of Social History, vol. 37, no. 1(Fall 2003), p.31；辛西亚·海伊：《何谓历史社会学》，S.肯德里克、P.斯特劳、D.麦克龙编：《解释过去，了解现在——历史社会学》，王辛慧等译，上海：上海人民出版社，1999年，第27—29页。 (42)伊格尔斯：《二十世纪的历史学——从科学的客观性到后现代的挑战》，第78—80页。 (43)Geoff Eley, A Crooked Line: From Cultural History to the History of Society, pp. 25-26. (44)John Tosh, ed., Historians on History, "Introduction," p. 5. (45)格特鲁德·希梅尔法布的《新旧历史学》有一章详细讨论了该小组的成员(见格特鲁德·希梅尔法布：《新旧历史学》，余伟译，北京：新星出版社，2007年，第95—121页)。 (46)Peter N. Steams, ed., Encyclopedia of European Social History from 1350 to 2000, New York: Carles Scribner's Sons, 2001, p. 55. (47)汉斯—乌尔里希·韦勒：《二十世纪末的历史思考(1945-2000)》，保罗·利科等：《过去之谜》，綦甲福等译，济南：山东大学出版社，2009年，第91—92页。 (48)雅克·勒高夫：《新史学》，第6页。 (49)费尔南·布罗代尔：《菲利普二世时代的地中海和地中海世界》，唐家龙等译，北京：商务印书馆，1996年，第9页，“第一版序言”。 (50)Eric Hobsbawn, "From Social History to the History of Society," pp. 71-93. (51)参见Gerhard A. Ritter, The New Social History in the Federal Republic of Germany, London: German Historical Institute, 1991, p. 9. (52)Geoff Eley, A Crooked Line: From Cultural History to the History of Society, p. 71. (53)于尔根·科卡：《社会史：理论与实践》，第218—219页。 (54)Hans-Ulrich Wehler, "Historiography in Germany Today," in Jurgen Habermas, ed., Observations on "The Spiritual Situation of the Age," trans, and with an introduction by Andrew Buchwalter, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1984, pp. 243-244. (55)Trevor Aston, ed., Crisis in Europe, 1560-1660: Essays from Past and Present, London and Henley: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., 1965. (56)G. M. Trevelyan, English Social History: A Survey of Six Centuries, London: Book Club Associates for Longman. 1944. "Introduction." (57)根据霍尔2001年对加州伯克利大学图书馆的统计，学术著作标题中含“文化史”一词的著作数量在1970年到1979年为62部，1980年到1989年为99部，1990年到1999年为181部，2000年到2001年的18个月内，以“文化史”为标题的著作有25部。约翰·R.霍尔：《文化史死了(“九头蛇”万岁)》，杰拉德·德兰迪、恩斯·伊辛主编：《历史社会学手册》，李霞、李恭忠译，北京：中国人民大学出版社，2009年，第287页。 (58)菲利普·阿里埃斯：《心态史学》，雅克·勒高夫等编：《新史学》，第174页。 (59)参见菲利普·阿里埃斯：《心态史学》，雅克·勒高夫等编：《新史学》，第176页。 (60)Philippe Aries, Centuries of Childhood, New York: Vintage Books, 1962; Philippe Aries, The Hour of Our Death, trans. Helen Weaver, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1981. (61)罗杰·夏蒂埃：《“新文化史”存在吗？》，杨尹瑄译，《台湾东亚文明研究学刊》第5卷第1期，2008年6月，第201页。 (62)米歇尔·伏维尔：《历史学和长时段》，雅克·勒高夫等编：《新史学》，第142页。 (63)参见Eric Hobsbawn, On History, p.71. (64)此话出自卡罗尔·史密斯—罗森堡，见John Tosh, ed., Historians on History, p.137. (65)见Joan W. Scott, "Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis," American Historical Review, vol. 91, no. 5(Dec. 1986), pp. 1053-1075; Gisela Bock, "Women’s History and Gender History: Aspects of an International Debate, " Gender & History, vol. 1, no. 1(Spring 1989), pp. 7-30; Joan W. Scott, "Women’s History," in Peter Burke, ed., New Perspectives on Historical Writing, pp. 43-70. (66)Franklin Mendels, "Proto-Industrialization: The First Phase of the Industrialization Process, "Journal of Economic History, vol. 31, no. 1,1972, pp. 241-261; Hans Medick, "The Proto-industrial Family Economy: The Structural Function of Household and Family during the Transition from Peasant Society to Industrial Capitalism, "Social History, vol. 1, no. 3, 1976, pp. 291-316; Peter Kriedte, Hans Medick and Jurgen Schlumbohm, eds. , Industrialization before Industrialization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. (67)例如戴维·萨比安对德国南部村庄纳卡豪森的研究。David Warren Sabean, Property, Production and Family in Neckarhausen, 1700-1870, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. (68)Gerhard A. Ritter，The New Social History in the Federal Republic of Germany，p.35. (69)雅各布·坦纳：《历史人类学导论》，白锡堃译，北京：北京大学出版社，2008年，第64—67页。 (70)见于尔根·科卡：《社会史：理论与实践》，第80、217—222页。 (71)Jacques Revel, "Microanalysis and the Construction of the Social," in Jacques Revel and Lynn Hunt, eds., Histories: French Constructions of the Past, New York: The New Press, 1995, pp. 492-497; Richard Biernacki, "Method and Metaphor after the New Cultural History," in Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt, eds., Beyond the Cultural Turn , p. 62. (72)Richard Biernacki, "Method and Metaphor after the New Cultural History," in Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt, eds. , Beyond the Cultural Turn , p. 65. (73)海登·怀特：《元史学》，陈新译，南京：译林出版社，2004年。 (74)克利福德·格尔茨：《文化的解释》，韩莉译，南京：译林出版社，1999年。 (75)Geoff Eley, A Crooked Line: From Cultural History to the History of Society, p. 127. (76)Lawrence Stone, "The Revival of Narrative: Reflections on a New Old History," Past and Present, no. 85(Nov. 1979), pp. 3-24. (77)William Sewell, Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980. (78)Gareth Stedman Jones, Languages of Class: Studies in English Working Class History 1832-1982, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. (79)Geoff Eley, "Is All the World a Text? From Social History to the History of Society Two Decades Later," in Terrence J. McDonald, ed., The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences, p. 194. (80)Lynn Hunt, Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. (81)Joan Wallach Scott, Gender and the Politics of History, New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. (82)Joan Scott, "The Evidence of Experience," in Terrence J. McDonald, ed., The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences, pp. 379-406. (83)Peter N. Stearns, ed., Encyclopedia of European Social History from 1350 to 2000, p. 24. (84)玛丽亚·露西娅·帕拉蕾丝—伯克编：《新史学：自白与对话》，第255页。 (85)埃娃·多曼斯卡编：《邂逅：后现代主义之后的历史哲学》，彭刚译，北京：北京大学出版社，2007年，第267页。 (86)安克斯密特认为后现代主义历史学关注的中心是“历史的碎片”，并以拉杜里、金兹堡、戴维斯等人的微观史作品为例。F. R. Ankersmit, "Historiography and Postmodernism," History and Theory, vol. 28, no. 2(May 1989), p.149. (87)玛丽亚·露西娅·帕拉蕾丝—伯克编：《新史学：自白与对话》，第74页。 (88)Lawrence Stone, "History and Post—Modernism Ⅲ," Past and Present, no. 135(May 1992), p.191.又见埃娃·多曼斯卡编：《邂逅：后现代主义之后的历史哲学》，第330页。 (89)伊格尔斯：《二十世纪的历史学——从科学的客观性到后现代的挑战》，第155页。也可见汉斯—乌尔里希·韦勒：《二十世纪末的历史思考(1945-2000)》，保罗·利科等：《过去之谜》，第86页。 (90)Richard Biernacki, "Method and Metaphor after the New Cultural History," in Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt, eds., Beyond the Cultural Turn, pp. 63, 73. (91)Gareth Stedman Jones, "The Determinist Fix: Some Obstacles to the Further Development of the Linguistic Approach to History in the 1990s," History Workshop Journal, no. 42, 1996, pp. 19-35. (92)Pierre Bourdieu, Outline of a Theory of Practice, trans. Richard Nice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. (93)Sherry B. Ortner, "Theory in Anthropology since the Sixties," Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 26, no. 1(Jan. 1984), p. 145. (94)Sherry B. Ortner, "Theory in Anthropology since the Sixties," p. 149. (95)William H. Swell, Jr., "The Concept(s)of Concept," in Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt, eds., Beyond the Cultural Turn, pp. 35-61. (96)Marshall Sahlins, Islands of History, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1985, pp. vii-xviii, 136-156; Marshall Sahlins, Culture in Practice: Selected Essays, New York: Zone Books, 2000, pp. 277-291. (97)见Richard Biernacki, "Language and the Shift from Signs to Practices in Cultural Inquiry," History and Theory, vol. 39, no. 3(Oct. 2000), pp. 289-310. (98)Roger Chartier, "The World as Representation," in Jacques Revel and Lynn Hunt, eds., Histories: French Constructions of the Past, pp. 544-550. (99)见William H. Swell, Jr., "A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency and Transformation," American Journal of Sociology, vol. 98, no. 1(July 1992), pp. 1-29; Richard Biernacki, "Method and Metaphor after the New Cultural History," in Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt, eds., Beyond the Cultural Turn, pp. 61-92. (100)Andreas Reckwitz, "Toward a Theory of Social Practices: A Development in Culturalist Theorizing," European Journal of Social Theory, vol. 5, no. 2(May 2002), pp. 243-263. (101)施皮格尔编的论文集《实践中的历史》这一书名很好地表达了历史研究的这种状况。 (102)彼得·伯克：《什么是文化史》，蔡玉辉译，北京：北京大学出版社，2009年，第67页。 (103)彼得·伯克：《什么是文化史》，第67—72页。 (104)Pierre Bourdieu, "Marriage Strategies as Strategies of Social Reproduction," in Robert Forster and Orest Ranum, eds., Family and Society: Selections from the Annales, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1976, pp. 117-144. (105)Laurence Fontaine and Jurgen Schlumbohm, "Household Strategies for Survival: An Introduction," International Review of Social History, vol. 45, no. 8, 2000, pp. 1-17. (106)Ann Swidler, "Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies," American Sociological Review, vol. 51, no. 2(April 1986), pp. 273-286. (107)Jurgen Kocka, "Losses, Gains and Opportunities: Social History Today," p. 26. (108)此话出自勒华拉杜里，见John Tosh, ed., Historians on History, p.252. (109)约恩·吕森：《历史思考的新途径》，綦甲福等译，上海：上海人民出版社，2005年，第15、16、132页。 (110)弗兰克林·安克斯密特坦言，“后现代主义首要地是表达了这样一种认识：今天的一切东西都在走向碎片化、解体和丧失中心的方向。”见埃娃·多曼斯卡编：《邂逅：后现代主义之后的历史哲学》，第108页。 (111)E. J. Hobsbawm, "The Revival of Narrative: Some Comments," Past and Present, no. 86(Feb. 1980), p.7. (112)彼得·伯克：《历史学与社会理论》(第二版)，第45页。 (113)参见高亚春：《布迪厄：在实践中超越——与马克思实践哲学的契合》，《江海学刊》2006年第4期，第38—41页。 (114)参见《马克思恩格斯文集》第10卷，北京：人民出版社，2009年，第592—593、668—669页。 (115)参见《马克思恩格斯文集》第10卷，第591、593、601页。 (116)埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆：《历史学家从马克思那里学到了什么？》和《马克思和历史学》，埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆：《历史学家：历史神话的终结者》，第165、170、187页。 (责任编辑：admin) |