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注释： ①《埃涅阿斯记》乐观与悲观之争在2003年之后聚讼减少。2010年新版的关于《埃涅阿斯记》研究指南就鲜有涉及“乐观”与“悲观”之争，学术争鸣在不断推陈出新。参见J.Farrell and M.C.J.Putnam,edi,A Companion To Vergil's Aeneid And Its Tradition,Wiley-Blackwell,A John Wiley & Sons,Ltd.,Publication,2010. ②塞尔维乌斯(Maurns Servius Honoratus)是公元4世纪末5世纪初意大利著名的校勘学者，其拉丁语著作Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil于1471年在佛罗伦萨出版，是现存最早的关于维吉尔《埃涅阿斯记》的注释本。Servius,Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil,Georgius Thilo,7.1,Ed.:primi sex ad imaginem Odyssiae...,hiautem sex ad imaginem Iliados dicti sunt. ③R.Heinze,Vergils epische Technik,trans,by H.D.Harvey and F.Robertson,Virgil's Epic Technique,London:Bristol Classical Press,1993. ④G.N.Knauer,Die Aeneis und Homer:Studien zur poetischen Technik Vergils mit Listen der Homerzitate in der Aeneis(Hypommemata 7),Gottingen:Van den hoeck & Ruprecht,1964. ⑤P.Hardie,"Virgil",Greece & Rome,New surveys 28,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1998,p.53.哈迪是20世纪后半段维吉尔学的集大成者，同时也是欧洲学派的拥护者。他的著作在某种程度上标志着维吉尔学的“乐观”与“悲观”的世纪之争告一段落，他既对欧洲学派的观点进行了深入，同时在悲观的解读上造诣颇深。下文对哈迪的主要观点有详细介绍。 ⑥F.Cairns,Virgil Augustan Epic,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989,p.179. ⑦欧斯塔瑟乌斯(Eustathius)(1115-1195)是一位希腊大主教和学者，其对《荷马史诗》做过注释，并在“伊利亚特序言”(Iliad prooemium)4.44中认为，《伊利亚特》因其英雄主义情节使得其比《奥德赛》更为庄重严肃。近代学者对此问题的研究主要兴起于20世纪末，主要的代表人物有英国学者格里芬(J.Griffin,Homer on Life and Death,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1980.)和迈克拉德(C.W.Macleod,Homer:Iliad book XXIV,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982.) ⑧参见J.F.Kindstrand,Homer in der Zweiten Sophistik(Aeta Universitatis Upsaliensis:Studia Graeea Upsaliensia 7),Uppsala,1973.另见W.B.Stanford,The Ulysses Theme:a Study in the Adaptability of a Traditional Hero(2nd ed.),Oxford:Blackwell,1968,pp.121-127. ⑨安罗尼库斯(Livius Andronicus)(公元前280/260-约公元前200)是古拉丁语时代希腊—罗马的剧作家和史诗诗人。详见Brockett,Oscar G.,Hildy,J.and Franklin,History of the Theatre(Ninth International ed.),Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2003,p.47. ⑩F.Cairns,Virgil Augustan Epic,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989,p.182.参见E.L.Harrison,"Vrgil and the Homeric tradition," Papers of the Liverpool Latin Seminar,1989,pp.209-225. (11)Servius,Commentary on the Aeneid of gergil,Georgius Thilo I.288:Intention Vergilii haec est,Homerum imitari et Augustum laudare a parentibus. (12)Prooemium,Aeneid,i:talem enim monstrare Aenean debuit,utdignus Caesari,in cuius honerem haec scribebantur,parens et auctor generis praebebertur.多纳图斯(Tiberius Claudius Donatus)系古代罗马拉丁文学校勘家，据称其活跃于公元430年左右，其著作《维吉尔注疏》(Interpretationes Vergilianae)于1438年被发现，详见David Scott Wilson-Okamura,Virgil in the Renaissance,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2010. (13)R.Heinze,Virgil's Epic Technique,trans,by H.D.Harvey and F.Robertson,London:Bristot Classical Press,1993,p.375. (14)T.W.Harrison,"English Virgil:the Aeneid in the XVIII century," Philologica Pragensia,1967,pp.1-11 and pp.80-91.《埃涅阿斯记》的政治接受的重要性参见P.White,Promised Verse:Poets in the Society of Augustan Rome,Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1993,pp.95-109. (15)T.S.Eliot,On Poetry and Poets,London:Faber,1957,p.70. (16)Aeneid,1.2.78-9, (17)D.Quint,Epic and Empire:Politics and Generic Form from Virgil to Milton,Princeton:Princeton University Press.1993,pp.41-42. (18)V.Poschl,Die Dichtkunst Virgils:Bild und Symbol in der Ainei,trans,by Seligson,The Art of Vergil,Image and Symbol in the Aeneid,Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1970,pp.356-358. (19)T.Haecker,Virgil,Father of the West,trans,by A.W.Wheen,London and New York:Sheed & Ward,1934,pp.77-78. (20)T.S.Eliot,On Poetry and Poets,pp.67-68. (21)Aenied.VI.83-97. (22)A.Parry,"The Two Voices of Virgil's Aeneid",Arion,Vol.2,No.4(Winter),1963,p.79. (23)W.Clausen,"An Interpretation of the Aenied",Harvard Studies in Classical Philology,1964,pp.142-146. (24)A.Parry,"The Two Voices of Virgil's Aeneid," Arion,Vol.2,No.4(Winter),1963,p.73. (25)W.Clausen,"An Interpretation of the Aenied",Harvard Studies in Classical Philology,1964,pp.140-141. (26)关于埃涅阿斯纪中维吉尔运用希腊悲剧的手法参见Georgius Thilo,ed.,Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil,4.471&664:scaenis agitatus famosus,cdebratus tragoediis,qualiter a Graecis in scaena inducitur.et'agitatus',quia et furuit,et multae sunt de eo tragoediae:quasi frequenter actus; conlapsam aspiciunt non induxit occidentem se,sed ostendit occisam.et hoc tragico fecit exemplo,apud quos non videtur quemadmodum fit caedes,sed facta narrator. (27)马克罗比乌斯(Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius)是公元5世纪早期罗马学者，其最重要的著作《农神节》(Saturnalia)罗缕纪存当时在罗马农神节中关于历史、神话、文艺批评、古文物以及修辞的讨论。围绕维吉尔的文艺批评参见Macrobius：Saturnalia,5.18-19. (28)R.Heinze,Vergils epische Technik,trans,by H.D.Harvey and F.Robertson,Virgil's Epic Technique,Berkeley,1993,p.251. (29)Aristotle,Poetics,11.1452b,edi and trans,by St.Halliwell,(Loeb Classical Library),Harvard,1995. (30)在古希腊剧院，悲剧演员通常穿上高筒靴以示他们跟其他演员的不同，后来常常用高筒靴指代悲剧。参见Kendall K.Smith,"The Use of the High-Soled Shoe or Buskin in Greek Tragedy of the Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C.," Harvard Studies in Classical Philology,Vol.16,1905,pp.123-164. (31)E.L.Harrison,"Why did Venus wear hoots? Some reflections on Aeneid 1.314f," Proceedings of the Virgil Society,Vol.12,1972/1973,pp.10-25. (32)J.L.Moles,"The tragedy and guilt of Dido," in M.Whitby,P.Hardie & M.Whitby eds.,Homo Viator:Classical essays for John Bramble,Bristol,1987,p.154. (33)Aeneid,IV.696-697:nam quia nec faro merita nec morte peribat,sed misera ante diem subitoque accensa furore. (34)P.Hardie,"Virgil and Tragedy",The Cambridge Companion to Virgil,C.Martindale,edi.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997,pp.315-316. (35)P.J.Vernant,and P.Vidal-Naquet,Tragedy and Myth in Ancient Greece,Sussex:Harvester Press,1981,p.43. (36)P.Hardie,"Virgil and Tragedy",The Cambridge Companion to Virgil,C.Martindale,edi.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997,p.318. (37)R.D.Williams,"The Purpose of the Aeneid," Oxford Readings in Vergil's Aeneid,S.J.Harrion,edi.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1990.p.36. (38)M.C.J.Putnam,The Poetry of the Aeneid:Four Studies in Imaginative Unity and Design,2nd edn.(1st edn 1965),Ithaca:Harvard University Press,1988,p.134. (39)P.Hardie,"Virgil," Greece and Rome,New Surveys 28,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1998,pp.57-58. (40)Aeneid,4.229-231. (41)Aeneid,6.851-853. (42)E.Adler,Vergil's Empire:Political Thought in the Aeneid,Lanham:Rowman & Littlefield,2003,pp.200-201. (43) Catilinarian,I.I.26:quorum alter fines vestri imperi non terrae sed caeli regionibus terminaret. (44)V.Poschl,Die Dichtkunst Virgils:Bild und Symbol in der Ainei,trans,by Seligson.Ann Arbor,The Art of Vergil,Image and Symbol in the Aeneid,University of Michigan Press,1970,p.23. (45)W.R.Johnson,Darkness Visible:A Study of Virgil's Aeneid,Berkeley and Los Angeles:University of California Press,1976,pp.13-16. (46)S.J.Harrion,Oxford Readings in Vergil's Aeneid,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1990,p.5. （本文刊于《史林》2016年第4期） (责任编辑：admin) |