注释：
    ①相关成果请参见 Michele Penner Angrist, "Morning in Tunisia: The Frustrations of the Arab World Boil Over," Foreign Affair. corn, January 16, 2011; Richard N. Haass, "Reflections on the Revolution in Egypt," Project Syndicate, February 13, 2011; Dina Shehata, "The Fall of the Pharaoh: How Hosni Mubarak's Reign Came to an End," Foreign Affair, May/June 2011; Geneive Abdo, "Green Movement 2. 0? How U. S. Support Could Lead the Opposition to Victory," Foreign Affairs. corn, February 18, 2011; Gideon Rose, "In Libya, How Obama Can End a Mission that Started Badly," Washington Post, March 25, 2011; Micah Zenko, "The Mythrology of Intervention: Debating the Lessons of History in Libya," Foreign Affair. com, March 28, 2011, in Council on Foreign Relations and Foreign Affairs, eds., The New Arab Revolt, 2011, http://www. google. com. tw/books?id=GMYgzhm2KAcC&printsec=frontcover&hl=zh-CN&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false, pp. 75, 115, 137, 163, 279, 284. Habibul Haque Khondker, "Role of the New Media in the Arab Spring," Globalizations, vol. 8, no. 5 (October 2011), pp. 675-679; Sarah Johnstone and Jeffrey Mazo, "Global Warming and the Arab Spring," Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, vol. 53, no. 2(April-May 2011), pp. 11-17. 国内学者对中东大变局的分析，参见黄民兴：《世纪震荡：阿拉伯世界政治动荡的原因和前景》，《回族研究》2011年第3期；刘中民：《关于中东变局的若干基本问题》，《阿拉伯世界研究》2012年第2期；田文林：《对当前阿拉伯变局的深度解读》，《现代国际关系》2011年第3期；王锁劳：《有关北非中东剧变的几个问题》，《外交评论》2011年第2期等。
    ②Patrick Sutter, "State-Building or the Dilemma of Intervention: An Introduction," in Julia Raue and Patrick Sutter, eds., Facets and Practices of State-building, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2009, pp. 7-9.
    ③尤尔根·哈贝马斯：《欧洲民族国家——关于主权和公民资格的过去与未来》，《包容他者》，曹卫东译，上海人民出版社，2002年，第135页。
    ④Neil Robinson, "State Building and International Politics: The Emergence of a 'New' Problem and Agenda," in Aidan Hehir and Neil Robinson, eds., State-building: Theory and Practice, London: Routledge, 2007, p.13.
    ⑤王建娥：《族际政治：20世纪的理论与实践》，北京：社会科学文献出版社，2011年，第59页。
    ⑥与主题直接相关的研究为：Adrian Pelt, Libyan Independence and the United Nations: A Case of Planned Decolonization, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1970; Hisham Sabki, International Authority and the Emergence of Modern Libya, Indiana University, Doctor Degree Dissertation, 1967; Anna Baldinetti, The Origins of the Libyan Nation: Colonial Legacy, Exile and the Emergence of a New Nation-state, London: Routledge, 2010; etc.. 提及利比亚去殖民化的成果有：Ronald Bruce St. John, Libya: From Colony to Independence, Oxford: One World, 2008; Majid Khadduri, Modern Libya: A Study in Political Development, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1963; Scott L. Bills, The Libyan Arena: The United States, Britain, and the Council of Foreign Ministers, 1945-1948, Kent: The Kent State University Press, 1995.
    ⑦Ronald Bruce St. John, Libya: From Colony to Independence, p. 2.
    ⑧Janice Monti-Belkaoui and Ahmed Riahi-Belkaoui, Qaddafi: The Man and His Policies, London: Avebury, 1996, p. vi.
    ⑨Alison Pargeter, Libya: The Rise and Fall of Qaddafi, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2012, p. 12.
    ⑩Majid Khadduri, Modern Libya: A Study in Political Development, p. v.
    (11)利比亚数易国名：1951—1963年为“利比亚联合王国”；1963—1969年为“利比亚王国”；1969—1973年为“阿拉伯利比亚共和国”；1973—1986年为“阿拉伯利比亚人民社会主义民众国”；1986—2011年为“大阿拉伯利比亚人民社会主义民众国”。2011年9月16日，利比亚国名更改为“利比亚”。
    (12)Abdulhafid Fadil Elmayer, Tripolitania and the Roman Empire, Markovz Jihad al-Libya Studies Center, 1997, Deposition Number 1996/1915/Dar. Kotob. P. O. Box: 5070/Tripoli, p. 56.
    (13)Henry Serrano Villard, Libya: The New Arab Kingdom of North Africa, New York: Cornell University Press, 1956, p. 12.
    (14)Abdallah Laroui, The History of the Maghrib: An Interpretive Essay, trans. Ralph Manheim, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977, p. 87.
    (15)Louis Dupree, "The Arabs of Modern Libya," The Muslim World, vol. 48, no. 2, 1958, pp. 113-124.
    (16)截至2011年，利比亚有140多个部族，其中影响较大的有30多个。
    (17)Areal Obeidi, Political Culture in Libya, Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2001, p. 131.
    (18)菲利克斯·格罗斯：《公民与国家——民族、部族和族属身份》，王建娥等译，北京：新华出版社，2003年，第36页。
    (19)菲利克斯·格罗斯：《公民与国家——民族、部族和族属身份》，第178页。
    (20)A. A. Boahen, British, the Sahara and the Western Sudan, 1788-1861, London: Clarendon Press, 1964, p. 128.
    (21)民族主义运动是指那些在现实政治中的民族国家为建立独立国家或维护本民族国家利益而进行的各种活动，因而世俗性是民族主义运动的典型特征。20世纪后期，一些民族国家在斗争目标和旗号中却包含着某些宗教因素。宗教因素与民族主义运动融合，形成了一种既不同于纯粹的宗教运动，也不同于世俗民族主义运动的新现象，即宗教民族主义运动。(钱雪梅：《宗教民族主义探析》，《民族研究》2007年第4期，第17页)
    (22)Ali Abdullatif Ahmida, The Making of Modern Libya: State Formation, Colonization, and Resistance 1830-1932, New York: State University of New York Press, 1994, p. 86.
    (23)E. E. Evans-Pritchard, The Sanusi of Cyrenaica, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1949, pp. 24-25.
    (24)Lisa S. Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986, p. 118.
    (25)Ronald Bruce St John, Libya: From Colony to Independence, pp. 57-58.
    (26)Dirk Vandewalle, A History of Modern Libya, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 28.
    (27)Lisa S. Anderson, "The Tripoli Republic, 1918-1922," in E. G. H. Joffe and K. S. Mclachlan, eds., Social & Economic Development of Libya, Wisbech: Middle East & North African Studies Press, 1982, pp. 43-65.
    (28)Majid Khadduri, Modern Libya: A Study in Political Development, pp. 9-10.
    (29)Scott L. Bills, The Libyan Arena: The United States, Britain, and the Council of Foreign Ministers, 1945-1948, p. 22.